Unit 3 突破 语法大冲关 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

时态一、一般现在时构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。[观察典例]1．I often read books in my spare time.2．Mary is good at music.3．The earth moves around the sun.4．You'll make great progress if you work hard!5．The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.[归纳用法]1．一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态(如例1)，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，every day，once a week，rarely，seldom，hardly，ever，never等表示频率的时间状语连用。2．一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等(如例2)。3．一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理(如例3)。4．在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，主句用将来时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时(如例4)。5．一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于go，come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语(如例5)。[即学即练1]　单句语法填空①He always sleeps (sleep)with the windows open.②The sun rises (rise)in the east.③The volleyball match will be put off if it rains(rain).④He likes (like)playing basketball while his brother loves (love)surfing the Internet.⑤The concert begins (begin)at 7：30 and ends (end)at 9：30.二、现在进行时构成：is/am/are＋现在分词[观察典例]1．All the classmates are reviewing  the lesson in the classroom now.2．These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.3．She is always thinking of others instead of herself.4．Mr.Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.5．The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.[归纳用法]1．现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now，at present，at this moment，these days，this week/month等时间状语连用(如例1、例2)。2．现在进行时与always，continually，constantly，forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感(如例3)。3．现在进行时可以与come，go，leave，depart，arrive，stay，start/begin，lecture，take off等动词(词组)连用，表示按计划或安排要发生的动作(如例4、例5)。[即学即练2]　完成句子①Listen！Someone is singing in the next room(在隔壁房间唱歌).②At present，scientists are looking for a cure for cancer(正在寻找治疗癌症的方法).③He is always thinking more of himself(总是为自己想得多)but little of others.④I am leaving for Shanghai(即将动身去上海)the day after tomorrow but my uncle is returning from abroad (要从国外回来)tomorrow.⑤Don't make any noise！The baby is sleeping(在睡觉).三、现在完成时构成：have/has＋过去分词。[观察典例]1．I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.2．We have learned English for eight years.3．It is the first time I have driven a car.4．This is the most interesting film that he has made.5．Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.[归纳用法]1．现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already，yet，never，before，so far，up to now等连用(如例1)。2．现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会继续下去(如例2)。常用的时间状语有：for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，so far，recently，lately，this week，this month，this year，these days，during/in the last/past few years等。3．在“It/This is the first/second...last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时(如例3、例4)。4．现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生(如例5)。[即学即练3]　单句语法填空①The report went missing in 2012 and nobody has seen(see)it  since.②It is the second time that I have made (make)the mistake.③I have been (be)here since I came (come)two years ago.④China's high­speed railways have grown (grow)from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometres in the past few years.⑤He has worked (work)here for over twenty years.四、一般将来时构成：shall/will＋动词原形[观察典例]1．I will / shall go to visit him next week.2．—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.—Oh，I didn't know.I will see him after work.3．Wherever he goes，he will take an umbrella with him.4．Oil will float on water.5．This jar will hold a kilo.[归纳用法]1．shall/will＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态(如例1)，特别是表示客观性的事情(如例4、例5)或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情(如例2)只能用此结构。2．will＋动词原形，还表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向(如例3)。[名师点津]表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可用以下形式：(1)be going to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。(2)be (just)about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但常与when连用。(3)be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。[即学即练4]　完成句子①—What time is it?—I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you(我去帮你查看一下).②They are to meet at the school gate(将在学校门口见面).③The new school year is about to begin(即将开始).④I am going to visit the volunteers(打算去拜访那些志愿者们)this evening.⑤He will be twenty(将年满二十岁)next month.五、一般过去时构成：动词过去式。[观察典例]1．I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago.2．She got up，washed her face，cleaned her teeth，had her breakfast and then went to work.3．Her father usually did some housework at home last year.4．I didn't know you were here.How long have you been here?5．We would not leave until the teacher came back.[归纳用法]1．一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态(如例1)，常与明确表示过去的时间状语，如：yesterday，last week，in 1949，once，in the past，a few days ago等连用。2．一般过去时可表示过去连续发生的一系列动作(如例2)。3．一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，sometimes等表示频度的词连用(如例3)。4．一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事(如例4)。5．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作(如例5)。[即学即练5]　单句语法填空①I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I asked (ask)，“ What do you wish me to do now？”②When he was in Hangzhou，he often took (take)a walk after work.③Tom was late.He opened (open)the door quietly，moved in and walked (walk)carefully to his seat.④Tom said he would come if I promised (promise)to wait for him.⑤Lucy turned (turn)off all the lights before she went out.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My brother plays (play)football quite well，but he hasn't played (not play)it since last year.2．Hurry up，Peter！The taxi is waiting (wait)for us at the gate of the hotel.3．This is the first time I have come (come)to Chengdu and I am deeply impressed with its delicious food.4．He is going to visit his grandparents as soon as he arrives (arrive)in Beijing.5．The teacher told us that light travels (travel)faster than sound.6．We went (go)to the cinema last night.7．—I thought I had reminded you to take out the rubbish.—Oh，I forgot.I will do (do)it right now.8．This song sounds very pleasant.Let's go upstairs and see who is singing (sing).9．The little girl is very happy，because she has sold (sell)out all the flowers.10．The ship leaves (leave)the port at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Have you ever been to an amusement park？My parents and I 1.will go (go)to visit the biggest amusement park in our city next weekend.Actually，this will be the third time that I have visited it.Last night，I 2.spent (spend)two hours making some preparations.Now，I 3.am telling (tell)something I know about amusement parks to you.An amusement park 4.is (be)an outdoor area with games，rides and shows.Both young and old visitors can enjoy many types of 5.attractions(attract).It also 6.offers (offer)restaurants and bars where customers can eat and drink.So far，most of the amusement parks 7.have been replaced (replace)by theme parks.These places focus 8.on a certain topic of history or natural life.The first theme park，Disneyland，opened in California in 1955.It is likely that my parents 9.will take(take)me to the Shanghai Disneyland next summer holiday.I look forward to 10.visiting (visit)it soon.