Unit 2 教学 知识细解码 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

1．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n．雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品2．oppose v．反对→opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的3．behave v．举止→behavior n．举止，行为4．confuse v．使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．困惑5．alarm n．警报器；闹钟→alarmed adj.警觉的6．reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．显示，反映7．create v．创造→creative adj.创造(性)的→creativity n．创造性，创造力8．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的1．alarm n.惊恐，惊慌，恐慌；警报；警报器；闹钟①I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. 恐慌②She decided to sound the alarm. 警报③A car alarm went off in the middle of the night.             警报器④The alarm went off at 7 o'clock 闹钟2．reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.         反映②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 表达③Before I decide，I need time to reflect.                    沉思Words and Phrases　have trouble (in)doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦(教材原句P14)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？[例]　Many parents frankly admit that they have trouble bringing up their children.许多家长坦诚，他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。[知识拓展]in trouble　　　　 处于困境中out of trouble　     摆脱困境get into trouble　     陷入困境get sb.into/out of trouble  使某人陷入/摆脱困境take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事；费神做某事have trouble with sth.   做某事有困难/麻烦[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I never have trouble in sleeping (sleep)in a strange place.②Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.③Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help (help)us.④What worries me is that I am really having trouble collecting (collect)useful information.　opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的(教材原句P15)If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair?如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？[例]　 My sister and I have opposing views on raising children.我的姐姐和我在养育孩子方面持有相反的观点。[知识拓展](1)opposite adj.　 相反的，迥然不同的；对面的prep.     在……对面adv.     在对面n.     对立面，对立的人(或物)be opposite to     与……相反，在……对面just the opposite   正好相反(2)oppose v.     反对，抵制oppose (doing)sth.   反对(做)某事be opposed to sth.  反对某事(3)opposition n.     (强烈的)反对，反抗[即学即练]　用oppose的适当形式填空①The couple was looking forward to an overseas wedding but had to drop the idea after facing opposition from parents.②Not everybody agree to the plan.Some support it，while I am one of those who are opposed to it.③The twins have opposing attitudes towards life.Thus，one is living happily，and the other is just the opposite．[小片段填空]We should look at the two opposing sides of everything.If you are for the bright side and keep to it.But the opposite side is not always useless for us.Just the  opposite we may get some inspiration.(oppose)　behavio(u)r n.行为，举止；表现方式(教材原句P15)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？[例]　His behavior in school is beginning to improve.他在学校的表现开始有所好转。[知识拓展]behave v.　　　 表现；表现得体，有礼貌behave well/badly  举止得当/不得当behave oneself     守规矩，行为检点[即学即练]　单句语法填空①My cousin Jim didn't behave himself (he)at the party and thus left a bad impression on the guests.②The boy behaved well at the banquet(宴会)and everyone praised his proper behavior．(behave)③As a teacher，you shouldn't look down upon those students who behave badly (bad)in school.What you should do is help and love them.[小片段填空]Everyone here behaves very politely and tourists are deeply impressed with their elegant behavior．(behave)　confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的(教材原句P15)Even the smallest words can be confusing.即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。[例]　The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。[知识拓展](1)confuse vt.　　　 使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆confuse A with/and B  把A和B混淆(2)confused adj.     困惑的，糊涂的(常用来修     饰人或人的表情、声音等)be confused about...     对……感到困惑(3)confusion n.     困惑；困窘；混乱局面in confusion     困惑地；困窘地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Be careful not to confuse “abroad”with/and“aboard”．The two words are very similar.②He looked at me in confusion (confuse)and did not answer the question.③When you are confused about some words in reading，you can refer to the dictionary.[小片段填空]They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused，standing there in confusion and not knowing what to do next.(confuse)　(教材原句P15)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling it out)的方式“填写表格”(fill in a form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes off)时才被听到！(1)burn up烧毁；烧尽[例]　Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。[知识拓展]burn down　　 烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)burn sth.off　     烧掉某物burn (sth.)out　     烧坏；燃尽burn...to the ground　   把……彻底烧毁[即学即练]　完成句子①在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.②快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.③在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。The fire had burnt out before the fire engines arrived.④在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。At least nine houses were burned to the ground in the big fire last week.(2)alarm n.[U]惊恐，惊慌；[C]警报器，警报；闹钟vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐[例]　Set the alarm for 6 o'clock，or you will be late for the flight tomorrow.把闹钟定在6 点钟，否则你明天会误了航班。[知识拓展](1)in alarm　　　　　 惊慌地(常作方式状语)raise/sound the alarm　 发出警报(2)alarming adj.     使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的(3)alarmed adj.　　  担心，害怕be/feel alarmed by/at sth. 因某事而担心/害怕[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming(alarm)rate，which should arouse the government's attention.②Hearing a loud noise outside his door，he jumped up in alarm.③American people were alarmed at/by a series of campus fires in recent years.In each of these accidents，many deaths were reported.[小片段填空]All the students were awoken by the fire alarm(alarm)raised by the gatekeeper.They jumped down the beds in alarm.Some of them even felt  alarmed (alarm)by the fire in front of them and cried.　reflect vt.显示，表明；反射；反映，映出(影像)；沉思，认真思考(教材原句P15)English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。[例]　 The literature of a period reflects its values.某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观。[知识拓展](1)reflect sb./sth.in sth.　 在……里映出……reflect on/upon...　    认真思考……(2)reflection n.     反射，反映；映像；沉思[即学即练]　单句语法填空①His face was reflected  (reflect)in the big mirror when he passed by.②Your clothes are often a reflection (reflect)of your personality.③The little boy could see his fingers reflected (reflect)on the wall.[小片段填空]I think you should stop for a moment and reflect on/upon your success and failure.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection (reflect)and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.　wind up 给(机械)上发条；摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束(教材原句P15)And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。[例]　After he got into the car，he started winding the window up.上了车以后，他开始摇上车窗。[知识拓展]wind one's way　 蜿蜒前进wind down     放松一下wind up doing   最终做；最终落得[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I find it difficult to wind down after a day at work.②I wound up doing (do)the job just to keep my customers happy.③The Great Wall winds its (it)way from west to east，through valleys，over mountains，across deserts until at last it reaches the sea.Sentence Patterns　neither...nor...既不……也不……(教材原句P14)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。句式分析：neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个并列的句子成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。[例1]　Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。[例2]　Neither has he done it，nor will he do it.他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。[知识拓展](1)可以单独使用 neither 作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。(2)neither 或 nor表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用 neither 或 nor 的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Neither was my wife nor my parents able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.②They didn't go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.③Qingdao and Shanghai are all beautiful cities but I have been to neither before.　get sb.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态(教材原句P14)This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。句式分析：get sb./sth.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态，宾语与宾补之间为主谓关系，且宾补动作一直在进行。[例1]　He tried to get the machine running.他尽力让机器转着。[例2]　Who can get the water running?谁能让水流着？[知识拓展](1)get sb.to do sth.　 使某人做某事(2)get sth.done　     使某事被做[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I managed to get the car moving (move).②If you can get them to talk(talk)，your problem is solved.③I got that broken window replaced (replace)at last.　That/This is why...那/这就是……的原因。(教材原句P15)That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。句式分析：That/This is why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。[例1]　That's why more and more foreigners are interested in learning Chinese.　那就是越来越多的外国人对学汉语感兴趣的原因。[例2]　That's why I insist the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.那就是我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。[知识拓展](1)This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)(2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换①He's more of a talker than a doer.This is why he never finishes anything.②From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.③Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.→ Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.→Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.→The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.[小片段填空]Fish prefer shallow water to deep water.That is why we see the fish swimming in the water.And that is because the former is warmer.教材高考1.Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？(2018 ·天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions.2.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.3....and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out！4.English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But that changed when a system of high­tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰)into the valley below.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.5.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.(2018·浙江卷)This is why there is a saying that if you want something done，ask a busy person to do it. Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．She is satisfied with the children's good behavior (behave).2．His writing is so confusing (confuse)that it is difficult to make out what it is he wants to express.3．He admired his reflection(reflect)in the mirror.4．It is time for opposing(oppose)factions to unite and work towards a common goal.5．As teachers，we should encourage students to use their creativity (create)to express themselves.6．The mountains are invisible (visible)because of the clouds.7．Her sculpture (sculpt)will be on show at the museum until the end of this month.8．Alarmed (alarm)by the noise，the birds flew away.9．I've got a cold；that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.10．My duty was to get the four of us studying (study)the subject.Ⅱ.短语填空look out of，what about，speaking of，go off，for example，burn up，have trouble in，fill in，wind up，in one's free time 1．Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race?2．Look out of the window！It's snowing.3．If we all agree，let's wind up the discussion.4. Speaking of bicycle，some people think it has outdated in many big cities.5．Please fill in  this form，giving your name，age and address.6．We often have trouble in using neutral pens because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.7．Prices have risen sharply.The price of vegetables，for example，has risen by over 10%.8．The gun went off and the bullet went flying over his head.9．I play tennis in my free time．What about you?10．What about going out for a walk after supper?Ⅲ.课文语法填空Have you ever asked 1.yourself (you)why people often have trouble 2.learning (learn)English? I hadn't，until one day my five­year­old son asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.to learn (learn).Even the smallest words can be 5.confusing (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.which a house can burn up as it burns down，and in which an alarm is only 7.heard (hear)once it goes off!English 8.was invented (invent)by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the 9.lights (light)are out，they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，10.but when I wind up this passage，it ends.