高中英语UNIT1Natureinthebalance泛读技能初养成学案译林版必修第三册

UNIT 1 Nature in the balance

阅读教材P11－12中的材料，选出最佳选项

1．Why are these four people here?

A．To discuss about pollution in Norgate.

B．To praise Norgate's rapid development.

C．To protest against heavy industry.

D．To make huge profits in the city.

2．What can be concluded from the passage?

A．All the local residents protested against heavy industry.

B．Factory managers are irresponsible businessmen.

C．Most factories tries their best to reduce the pollution while they make profits.

D．Fighting pollution is just a task for factories and government departments.

3．What's the main idea of the passage?

A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.

B．The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.

C．Environmental protection is a long­term task that requires joint efforts.

D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.

[答案]　1－3　ACC

Words and Phrases

知识要点1　come up with 想出，想到

(教材P6)All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.

他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。

[例1]　When you have finished，try to come up with two more events for each category.

当你完成后，每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。

[例2]　Keep your eye on these jokers，you never know what they will come up with.

盯住这些家伙，你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。

[造句]　我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。

I was amazed that he'd come up with such a sweet idea.

[名师点津]　

come up with意为“想出、想到”；其主语是人，后接想出的内容。

come up 意为“被提及”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物，即所提出的内容。

两者均不可用于被动语态。

The subject came up in our conversation.

我们的谈话中提到了这个话题。

No one has come up with a more practical way at the meeting till now.

迄今为止，会议上没人提出更切实可行的方法。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He came across a cat in the park.

②His new album came out last year.

③We need to come up with a better plan without delay.

④When it comes to studying(study) English，he is very weak.

知识要点2　(教材P6)Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.

一些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人要求改变生活方式。

(1)call for(公开)要求；需要

[例1]　Air pollution calls for our special concern.

空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。

[例2]　Several candidates were called for a second interview.

几位候选人被通知去参加第二次面试。

[造句]　这个工作需要爱和耐心。

The job calls for love and patience.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The old picture called up memories of his childhood.

②The government calls on the citizens to lead(lead) a green life.

③The game was called off because of the bad weather.

④I now call on/upon the chairman to address the meeting.

(2)application n．应用，运用；申请

[例1]　Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me.

从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。

[例2]　Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse.

芭芭拉提出了应聘护士工作的申请。

[造句]　这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。

The invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The girl decided to apply for a job in this company.

②The technology applied(apply) to this field was highly thought of.

③Students should apply themselves to improving(improve) their skills.

④In this way we can better apply theory to practice.

[小片段助记]

All the applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday. They are expected to apply what they learnt to the job.

知识要点3　get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉

(教材P11)...it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.

……还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。

[例1]　He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.

在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。

[例2]　The young man made up his mind to get rid of this bad habit.

这个年轻人决心改掉坏习惯。

[造句]　我的头疼的毛病老是不好。

I can't get/be rid of this headache.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Maybe we should rid ourselves(we) of modern technology and return to simpler times.

②I was glad to be(be) rid of the car when I finally sold it.

③You should rid yourself(you) of the smoking habit.

④If I ruled the world，I would rid the world of wars.

知识要点4　defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守

(教材P11)In defence of the factories，however，I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.

不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。

[例1]　The woman rushed there in defence of her children.

这个女人冲过去保护自己的孩子们。

[例2]　What points can be raised in defence of this argument?

有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？

[造句]　政府已削减了国防开支。

The government has cut back on defence spending.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I have to say in her defence(defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.

②She had to defend herself against/from the guard dog.

③You must learn to defend yourself(you)when being attacked.

④All our officers are trained to defend themselves against/from knife attacks.

[小片段助记]

The villagers build a strong defence to defend their homes against the coming flood. They spent much money in defence of their farms and house.

知识要点5　(教材P13)consequence n．结果，后果；重要性

[例1]　If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.

如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。

[例2]　She was found guilty，and lost her job as a consequence of it.

她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。

[造句]　这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。

This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①As a consequence of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.

②She studied hard，and consequently(consequence) she passed the examination.

③The child was born weak in consequence of an injury to its mother.

[小片段助记]

A lot of students waste their spare time surfing the Internet；as a consequence，they often fail to finish their homework on time. Consequently，most of them do poorly in their grades.

知识要点6　give rise to 使发生(或存在)

(教材P13)For example，in many parts of the world，the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.

例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。

[例1]　Low levels of choline in the body can give rise to high blood pressure.

体内胆碱含量低可引发高血压。

[例2]　The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.

这部小说的成功带来了一系列的续篇。

[造句]　它引起了普遍的贫困和痛苦。

It gave rise to widespread poverty and suffering.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①She had given thought(think) to changing her job before she made the decision.

②Religious differences between them gave birth to a war.

③They give advice to people with HIV and AIDS.

④Yesterday's earthquake gave(give) rise to many deaths.

细节理解题——直接定位法

细节理解题主要考查考生对文章事实细节的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用“直接定位”的方法，即带着问题找原文。

思维建模——熟练3步解题流程

[技巧点拨]

细节理解题的三大原则

(1)解题的顺序原则：一般来说题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高解题效率。

(2)关键词定位原则：用题干中的关键词(包括专有名词、数词、实体名词、形容词、副词等，以及关键词的同义词)在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。

[名师点津]　文章中反复出现的名词或短语没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。

(3)依据原文信息原则：做题时务必要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中的某一处进行定位，然后画出相关语句，并与选项仔细比对。

[例文]

Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.

Duration：3 hours

Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

※What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?

A．Meet famous people.

B．Go to a national park.

C．Visit well­known museums.

D．Enjoy interesting stories.

[答案]　D

[即学即练]

请快速确定下面这段文字的直接信息题的答案。

Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not about books and tests and rote memorization(死记硬背)，but something practical.As Koziatek knows，there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a desk.They can also learn geometry by putting together a bicycle.

※What's the characteristic of Mr.Koziatek's school?

A．Paying attention to practical learning.

B．Letting students do many tests.

C．Encouraging students to read books.

D．Forcing students to learn by rote.

[答案]　A