高中英语UNIT1Natureinthebalance预习新知早知道学案译林版必修第三册

这是一份高中英语UNIT1Natureinthebalance预习新知早知道学案译林版必修第三册，共1页。
UNIT 1 Nature in the balanceⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(　　)1.soil A．n.昆虫(　　)2.continent B．n.a large area of land，usually without  exact limits or borders(　　)3.million C．prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上(　　)4.species D．n.a substance needed to keep living  things alive and to help it to grow(　　)5.nutrient E．n.土壤；国土，领土，土地(　　)6.wildlife F．n.种，物种(　　)7.beneath G．n.animals，birds，insects，etc，that are wild  and live in a natural environment(　　)8.extinction H．n.大陆，陆地，洲(　　)9.insect I．num.一百万；许多，大量(　　)10.region J．n.灭绝，绝种[答案]　1－5　EHIFD　6－10　GCJABB．短语匹配(　　)1.in turn A．逐渐增加，扩大(　　)2.break down B．相应地，转而(　　)3.breathe life into C．由于，因为(　　)4.due to D．使分解(为)，使变化(成)(　　)5.build up E．给……带来起色，注入活力(　　)6.come up with F．摆脱，丢弃，扔掉(　　)7.call for G．使发生(或存在)(　　)8.spring to mind H．(公开)要求；需要(　　)9.get rid of I．想出，想到(　　)10.give rise to J．突然记起(或想到)[答案]　1－5　BDECA　6－10　IHJFGⅡ.默写单词1．harm n．& vt. 伤害，损害2．length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长3．variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体4．survive vi. 生存，存活         vt. 幸存，幸免于难5．thus adv. 因此，从而；这样6．disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪7．agriculture n. 农业，农学8．impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞       vi.& vt. 有影响；冲击9．damage vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏10．climate n. 气候；倾向，风气Ⅰ.语境填空absolutely；defence；nowhere；protest；profit；various；recycle；former；further；agriculture1．We have decided to take no further action.2．Students took to the streets to protest against the decision.3．The car park was absolutely packed solid with people.4．Nowhere else in the world can a tourist find cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.5．Her father was the former editor of the Saturday Review.6．The company made a healthy profit on the deal.7．Tents come in various shapes and sizes.8．She is going to recycle useful rubbish.9．The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.10．What points can be raised in defence of this argument.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．He has made it absolutely(absolute) clear so you must have understood.2．A tracker(track) is a person who can find people or wild animals by following their prints.3．They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction(extinct)．4．His application(apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.5．As babies，we rely entirely(entire) on others for food.6．He's the president of a large international organization (organize)．7．There are conflicts between regional(region) and national interests.8．Some economic(economy) issues were discussed in the conference.9．The leaves of certain trees are poisonous(poison) to cattle.10．She earns her living (live)as a freelance journalist.1．With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。2．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems.从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。3．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。4．When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。5．Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。词语助读①play a significant role in 起重要作用②ecosystem n.生态系统③continent n．大陆，陆地；洲④with an area of 面积是……⑤length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长⑥one in ten 十个中有一个，十分之一⑦species n．种，物种⑧water lily 睡莲⑨variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，体⑩wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物⑪beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上⑫survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难⑬feed on 以……为食⑭in turn 相应地，转而⑮insect n．昆虫⑯break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)⑰nutrient n．营养素，营养物⑱breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力⑲carbon n．碳⑳oxygen n．氧，氧气thus adv.因此，从而；这样agriculture n．农业，农学cattle n．牛impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi & vt.有影响；冲击in danger of 处于……危险中extinction n．灭绝，绝种原文呈现The Amazon rainforest：a natural treasureWelcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.[1] This is the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in①maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem②.[1]a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词the jungle的同位语。The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent③.With an area of④around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[2] The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑤—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth：one in ten⑥known species⑦in the world can be found here.[2]more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一：“倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象”。Of the 390，000 plant species known to us，more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat；these water lilies⑧are big enough to lie down on.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety⑨of wildlife⑩.At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath⑪ the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. [3]The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things.[3] 本句是完全倒装句，由“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”构成。More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish­brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars survive⑫ here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.They feed on⑬ at least 87 species，including frogs.These frogs，in turn⑭，feed on insects⑮ which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down⑯ its body and return the nutrients⑰ to the earth.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into⑱ the planet by fixing carbon⑲ and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen⑳.Thus，it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agricultureand cattlefarming. [4] As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？[4] 时间状语为“Over the past 50 years”，主句用现在完成时态。译文参考亚马孙雨林：自然宝库欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的热带雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。亚马孙雨林横跨南美大陆的八个国家，包括巴西、秘鲁以及法国的一个海外地区。亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河。亚马孙河接近6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。它们使这个地区拥有地球上最丰富的生物多样性：世界上已知的物种有十分之一在这里能够被发现。在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种能在亚马孙雨林中找到。高大而古老的巴西坚果树出产我们可以吃的坚果；这些睡莲大得可以让人躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。再往上的一层是长着大叶的较矮的植物。然后是高耸而古老的阔叶树，最后是离地面好几米高的最高树木的树梢。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。1 300多种鸟类和400多种哺乳动物藏身于亚马孙雨林的植物中。这只美洲豹就是一个例子。它长着一身带黑色斑点的黄褐色的皮毛。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们仅是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。它们以包括青蛙在内的至少87种动物为食。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量的20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它经常被称为“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。然而，这些不能替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们人类。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？