高中英语UNIT2Naturaldisasters教学知识细解码学案译林版必修第三册

UNIT 2 Natural disasters

1．injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n．损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的

2．react vi.反应；作出反应→ reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应

3．order n．命令；顺序；规则→ orderly adj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的

4．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．确认书，证明书

5．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于→occurrence n．发生；出现

6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve v．减轻；解除；使放心

7．inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知→information n．信息；知识；情报→informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的

1．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯

①This announcement signalled a clear change of policy. 预示；表明

②Hunger is the body's signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.信号

③A police car drew abreast of us and signalled us to stop. 示意

2．exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n．出口，通道；离开

①There is a fire exit on each floor of the building. 出口；通道

②He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her. 离开

③As the actors exited the stage the lights went on. 退场，离去

3．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满

①The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.

洪水，水灾

②Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area. 涌入

③If the pipe bursts it could flood the whole house. 淹没

④There's been a flood of low­fat and light ice creams on the market.大量

Words and Phrases

知识要点1　injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害

(教材P16)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.

尽管目前整个灾区总体的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。

[例1]　Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.

他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。

[例2]　This could seriously injure the company's reputation.

这会严重损害公司的声誉。

[造句]　撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。

Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.

[易混辨析]　injure，wound，hurt，harm

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/选词填空(injure，wound，hurt，harm)

①I heard that her son was injured(injure) in the accident.

②Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury(injure)．

③Tom is playing in place of the injured (injure) John.

④You really hurt me when you said I was selfish.

⑤In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were  injured .

⑥It is easy to harm your eyes by reading in poor light.

⑦Luckily no one got wounded in the battle.

知识要点2　reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应

(教材P16)Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.

她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。

[例1]　There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment

as director.

对她任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。

[例2]　I tried shaking him but there was no reaction.

我试着摇了摇他，但他一动不动。

[造句]　他对这消息有何反应？

What was his reaction to the news?

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He was a little afraid of his father's reaction(react)．

②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

③The boy often reacts against his parents.

[小片段助记]

How did the students react to the conclusion that iron has a slow reaction with water？Some didn't believe it，and even reacted against me.

知识要点3　signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志

(教材P16)　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.

她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。

[例1]　She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward.

她向特德示意她要向前走。

[例2]　Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.

胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。

[造句]　他示意该走了。

He signalled that it was time to leave.

[易混辨析]　signal，sign，symbol，mark

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/选词填空(signal，sign，symbol，mark)

①The guard seems to be signalling to us with his arm.

②The policeman signalled us to cross(cross) the road.

③Tom turned left at the traffic signals(signal)．

④The gentleman signalled to me with a smile.

⑤He ignored the traffic signals and caused the accident.

⑥Sir，you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Don't you see the sign “Keep off the grass”？

⑦The dove is the symbol of peace.

⑧Every coat in the shop has a price mark sewn on it.

知识要点4　confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准

(教材P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.

点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。

[例1]　Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming?

是不是确认每个人一定会来？

[例2]　The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights.

在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。

[造句]　你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？

Can you confirm what happened?

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①It has been confirmed(confirm) that he wasn't the person who stole your bike.

②Mr.Roberts，may I have your telephone number to confirm(confirm) the appointment tomorrow evening?

③This latest information confirms(confirm) me in the belief that he is to blame.

④The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.

[小片段助记]

What my teacher said confirmed me in my belief that our cause was valuable.It is worthwhile waiting for confirmation of test results. I find it better to confirm me in my ideal future.

知识要点5　occur vi.发生，出现；存在于

(教材P17)It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.

她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。

[例1]　When exactly did the incident occur?

这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？

[例2]　If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.

如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。

[造句]　我没想到要核对我的保险单。

It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.

[名师点津]　

occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。其过去式和过去分词均为occurred。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①An excellent idea occurred(occur) to me when I woke up this morning.

②It didn't occur to her to ask(ask) for help.

③This kind of disease occurred(occur) mainly in the countryside in the past.

[小片段助记]

It didn't occur to him that his wife was having an affair.Suddenly，a question occurred to him，“When did it occur? And why？”It occurred to him to break up with her.

知识要点6　relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济

(教材P17)To her great relief，the officer immediately realized the coming danger.

使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。

[例1]　We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.

他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。

[例2]　Much to my relief，the car was not damaged.

令我非常庆幸的是车并没有被损坏。

[造句]　能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。

It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①It is a great relief to have(have) rain after a long time of drought.

②The doctor's treatment gave no relief(relieve) to the patient.

③To Mac's relief，the animal fell back，shaking its head.

④You may ask your daughter to relieve you of some housework.

[小片段助记]

What a relief! The new secretary relieved us of some of the paperwork，so I breathed a sigh of relief.Much to my relief，I was relieved of work stress.

知识要点7　inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉

(教材P19)Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.

记住要了解事态的进展。

[例1]　I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.

我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。

[例2]　We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem.

我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。

[造句]　他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告诉他。

They would inform him of any progress they had made.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Thank you for keeping me informed(inform) of everything that's happening.

②The man often surfs the Internet to search for some  information (inform)．

③Having been informed(inform) many times，he still forgot the meeting.

④Did anyone inform you about/of the change of the plan?

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1　when用作并列连词

(教材P16)Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake.

弗尔蒙特小学的校长爱丽丝·布朗正在上课，突然地板开始摇晃起来。

[句式分析]

句中用了“be doing...when...”这一固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在那时”。相当于and then或and at the same time。

[例1]　Newton was thinking about the question when an apple fell onto the ground.

牛顿正在思考着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。

[例2]　He was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.

他正在睡觉，突然有人敲门。

[造句]　我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.

②I was wandering(wander)through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.

③We were about to start(start)when it began to rain.

④I was lying on my back(我正仰卧着)reading when I saw a snake.

⑤We had been asleep for only a few hours(我们刚睡了几个小时)when we heard a brisk knock on the bedroom door.

重点句式2　the moment引导时间状语从句

(教材P16)The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.

震动一停止，布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。

[句式分析]

句中用了the moment引导的时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。

[例1]　The moment I went in，Kate let out a cry of surprise.

我一进去，凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。

[例2]　Don't get excited the moment you hear a criticism.

不要一听到批评就沉不住气。

[造句]　我一遇到他，他就企图向我借钱。

The moment I met him，he tried to borrow money from me.

[名师点津]　

当hardly和no sooner放在句首的时候，主句通常用部分倒装形式。主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.

②Upon returning(return) from Beijing，he began his research work.

③I fell in love with this city directly(direct) I saw it.

④On/Upon our arrival(一到达)，we were shown around the company.

⑤Hardly had we begun the climb(我们刚一开始爬山)when the snow began to come down.

1．(教材P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.

[分析]　此句为主从复合句。 after 引导时间状语从句，其中，that all were safe and sound为宾语从句；主句为“ they relaxed ”，现在分词短语 “laughing，crying and hugging each other”作伴随状语。

[译文]　点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。

2．(教材P17)Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.

[分析]　此句为简单句。to survive the disaster without any loss of life 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词短语the only local beach。

[译文]　在这场灾难中，金海岸海滩是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。

3．(教材P17)However，Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.

[分析]　此句为主从复合句。其中 that 引导宾语从句。

[译文]　然而，萨布丽娜确信可怕的灾难即将来临，坚持要父母去告诉安全员。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A number of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring(injure) at least five people.

2．She reacted  by turning her back on him.

3．He signalled to us to join(join) him.

4．It has been confirmed that the singer will give a performance next week.

5．It occurred(occur) to me that I could buy my mother a new coat on her birthday.

6．Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem (should) be discussed(discuss) at the meeting.

7．We are kept informed(inform) of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV.

8．I can't go out with all these dishes to wash(wash)．

9．The moment he returned from Europe，he set out to work.

10．To my great relief，they arrived home on time.

Ⅱ.短语填空

at large；at the same time；hold on to；in case；safe and sound；a series of；occur to；keep one's head；to one's great relief；keep...informed of

1．To my great relief，I passed the final exam.

2．Please keep me informed of any developments.

3．Try to keep your head and just tell me what happened.

4．At last he accepted the opinion of the public at large．

5．Happily，all have returned safe and sound．

6．I told him how we had fought to hold on to the company.

7．It's impossible to get everybody together at the same time．

8．In case you should need any help，here's my number.

9．In a flash，it occurred to him that he had left his umbrella in the meeting room.

10．Recently Tom has published a series of  articles on the nature of modern society.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

(Ⅰ)

In spite of 7 killed and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1.escaped(escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.

The head teacher  2.named (name)Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students'3.reaction(react)was quick and correct.  Miss Brown 4.quickly(quick)  opened the classroom door   5.that/which might be damaged  6.in case it could not open. The moment  7.the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.  She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an    8.orderly (order) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed,  9.laughing(laugh), crying and hugging each other.

The earthquake safety procedures  10.are practised(practise) twice a year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.

(Ⅱ)

Although a series of huge waves   1.caused(cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2.dead(die), a 10­year­old girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.

While people 3.were enjoying(enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina noticed something odd. She said that the water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer. She had just learnt about tsunamis in  4.a Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5.to her that these were signs of an  6.approaching (approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head   7.and warned her parents of the danger, she kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8.relief(relieve), the officer realized the coming danger  9.immediately (immediate) and the beach 10.was cleared(clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.