高中英语UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld教学知识细解码学案译林版必修第三册

UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world

1．survive v．生存；幸存→ survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者

2．intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算，计划

3．refer v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及→reference n．提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目

4．limit n．限度；极限；范围→ limited adj.有限的

5．contain v．容纳→ container n．容器；集装箱，货柜

6．wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.明智地→wisdom n．智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问

7．benefit n．优势；益处→ beneficial adj.有益的，有用的

1．wisdom n．智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问

①The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban.

智慧

②Many Tibetans have expressed doubts about the wisdom of the decision.明智

③The received wisdom is that they cannot win. 知识

2．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指的是

①Her mother never referred to him again. 提到，谈及

②This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 涉及，指的是

③You may refer to your notes if you want. 查阅，参考

Words and Phrases

知识要点1　survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物

(教材P44)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.

由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。

[例1]　 If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small.

如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。

[例2]　A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.

很多小公司不得不为生存而拼搏。

[造句]　如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。

If cancers are spotted/discovered early，there's a high chance of survival.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①She survived her husband by twenty years.

②Life became a struggle for survival(survive)．

③Luckily，most of the passengers survived(survive) the terrible accident.

④Millions of people survive on a very limited diet.

[小片段助记]

Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.

知识要点2　intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指

(教材P44)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.

20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。

[例1]　 I intend that you(should) be invited by them.

我打算让他们邀请你。

[例2]　What do you intend doing when you get to this place?

你打算到这里干什么？

[造句]　他打算明年去国外留学。

He intends to study/studying abroad next year.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He went to Paris with the intention(intend) of learning French.

②He intends his son to manage(manage) the company.

③I had intended(intend) to do it，but I'm sorry I forgot.

④This is a new book intended(intend) for little children.

[小片段助记]

With the intention of becoming rich and famous，many people intend to take part in some TV shows，most people didn't get what they had intended to get.

知识要点3　refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及

(教材P45)When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.

当它们没有取得预期效果时，屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医典籍。

[例1]　In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada.

在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。

[例2]　Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.

玛西娅把他称为好朋友。

[造句]　我答应过再也不提这事了。

I promised not to refer to the matter again.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He made no reference(refer) to his illness but only to his future plans.

②He is referred(refer) to as a living Lei Feng.

③The question referred to at the meeting is hard to answer.

④I have nothing to say in/with reference to that case.

知识要点4　(教材P45)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited．

然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。

(1)trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验

vi.& vt.测试，试验

[例1]　She agreed to employ me for a trial period.

她同意试用我一段时间。

[例2]　We had the machine on trial for a week.

这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。

[造句]　 我把车开出去在公路上试了一下。

I took the car out for a trial on the roads.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Now he is on trial for his life.

②She will go on trial for murder.

③Children learn to use computer by trial and error.

(2)limited adj.有限的

[例1]　The amount of money we have is limited.

我们拥有的钱是有限的。

[例2]　Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses.

电影业对女演员来说机会有限。

[造句]　此次减价时间有限。

This offer is for a limited period only.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.

②The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions.

③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.

④Families are limited(limit)to three free tickets each.

[小片段助记]

A man's life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.

知识要点5　container n．容器；集装箱，货柜

(教材P45)When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household water containers.

当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。

[例1]　Do not fill the container more than two­thirds full.

加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。

[例2]　The crane lifted the container onto the truck.

吊车把集装箱吊运到卡车上。

[造句]　她将水注入了容器里。

She poured the water into the container.

[易混辨析]　contain，include

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/选词填空(contain，include)

①He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)．

②I don't know how much oil is in this old container(contain)．

③The girl went to pick up the bag containing(contain) much money.

④Our school lecture hall contains(contain) 1，000 people.

⑤This little book contains all the information that you need.

⑥I have to prepare food for seven people including me.

知识要点6　speed up　(使)加速

(教材P45)To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.

为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。

[例1]　I noticed that your breathing has speeded up a bit.

我注意到你的呼吸已加快了一点。

[例2]　This system helps speed up access times.

这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。

[造句]　我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。

I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Once outside the station，the train began to speed up．

②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.

③This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.

④Many countries are faced with the problem how to speed up economic development.

知识要点7　pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的

(教材P45)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.

屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。

[例1]　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.

那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。

[例2]　I believe that hard work and determination pay off.

我相信勤奋和决心一定会得到回报。

[造句]　他们的努力最终有了回报。

Their efforts paid off in the end.

[名师点津]　pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid(pay) off.

②Can you lend me some money？I'll pay you back on Friday.

③At last，the young people's hard work paid(pay) off.

④The couple were happy to know that their son's debt had been paid(pay) off.

知识要点8　beneficial adj.有益的，有用的

(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.

也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。

[例1]　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.

在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。

[例2]　Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.

在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。

[造句]　水对植物和动物都有益。

Water is beneficial to both plants and animals.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Your advice is very beneficial(benefit) to me.

②You must study hard for the benefit of your own.

③This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties.

④Both sides have benefited from/by the talks.

[小片段助记]

I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week，which I think is beneficial to their learning.The notes will be of benefit to everyone concerned.

1．(教材P44)Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.

[分析]　此句为简单句。不定式 to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语，修饰名词scientist；过去分词短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作定语，相当于定语从句which was awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria；名词短语one of the deadliest diseases in human history是 malaria 的同位语。

[译文]　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。

2．(教材P45)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.

[分析]　此句为主从复合句。句中 because 引导原因状语从句。主句中it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials。

[译文]　然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。

3．(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.

[分析]　此句为简单句。句中“drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine”为动词­ing短语作定语，修饰名词 scientists。

[译文]　也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 5－10 years.

2．She went to this city with the intention(intend) of finding a good job.

3．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.

4．The report will be published(publish)on the Internet.

5．At worst we'll have to sell the house to pay off our debts.

6．Her menu was so limited(limit) that few customers came to her restaurant.

7．The new rules will be beneficial(benefit) to every student.

8．I think Mary is a woman of great wisdom(wise)．

9．Take the machine on trial for a week.

10．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to it's survival (survive)．

Ⅱ.短语填空

refer to；speed up；pay off；make a difference；thanks to；succeed in；day and night；give up；large amounts of；draw on

1．I'll have to draw on my savings to afford it.

2．It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.

3．Did he give up or keep on trying?

4．Study this example and refer to the explanation below.

5．After a month's hard work，his effort paid off at last.

6．He succeeded in getting a place at art school last year.

7．Whatever you choose to do，it will make a difference．

8．Speed up your pace and try to arrive there on time.

9．Students should not play computer games day and night．

10．The server is designed to store large amounts of data.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the people's Republic of China 1.to receive(receive) a Nobel Prize.

Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.studied(study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.for malaria. 4.Inspired(inspire) by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.effective(effect) part.She finally succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.However, the trials on patients were likely to 7.be postponed(postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.safety(safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.

The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.the extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.which is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.