人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes授课课件ppt
展开这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes授课课件ppt,共36页。
(一)定义在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。As a general rule, the mst successful man in life is the man wh has the best infrmatin.一般说来,生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。
(二)分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系是否密切,它可被分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这个从句,不影响主句意思的完整,主句和从句之间一般用逗号分开。We're ging t d smething that's never been dne befre.我们要做以前从未做过的事。(限制性定语从句)I have lst the pen, which I like very much.我丢了那支钢笔,我非常喜欢它。(非限制性定语从句)
(三)关系代词1.引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
The dctr whm/that yu are lking fr is in the rm.你正找的那位医生在房间里。(指人,作宾语)A man wh/that is perfectly pleased with the present state f things is a failure.完全满足于现状的人是个失败者。(指人,作主语)D yu knw the man whse name is Wang Bing?你知道那个叫王兵的人吗?(指人,作定语)The building which/that stands near the river is ur schl.河边矗立的那座建筑物是我们的学校。(指物,作主语)
Is this the bk which/that she was lking fr?这是她正在找的那本书吗?(指物,作宾语)The building whse windws face suth was built last year.那栋窗户朝南的楼房是去年建的。(指物,作定语)注意:whm, which作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在whm/which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。The rm in which there is a machine is the wrkshp.有机器的那间房是车间。This is the persn whm yu are lking fr.这是你正在找的那个人。
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词
I have tw sisters, wh are bth students.我有两个姐姐,她们都是学生。(指人,作主语)She is a lvely girl, whm we all like.她是一个我们都喜欢的可爱的女孩。(指人,作宾语)His new huse, which is situated at the ft f the hill, is very big.他的新房子坐落在山脚下,很大。(指物,作主语)
【归纳拓展】(1)引导非限制性定语从句时,绝对不能用that。(2)as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:①as有“正如,正像”之意,which没有。②as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、中、后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。As is knwn t all, he is the best student in ur class.众所周知,他是我们班里最好的学生。He passed the final exam, which made us happy.他通过了期末考试,这让我们很高兴。
(3)as可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和状语,构成the ,等结构。I want t have such a dictinary as he has.我想要一本像他那样的字典。(4)由as构成的常用插入语有:as is said abve综上所述;as already mentined abve正如已经阐述到的;as was expected正如预料的那样;as we all knw众所周知;as is reprted in the newspaper正如报纸所报道的那样;as we can see正如我们所看到的;as is natural...是自然而然的;as is ften the case...总是这样的。
3.指物时只用that不用which的情况①当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nthing, all, nne等代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, few等代词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。②当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。③当先行词被序数词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。④当先行词表示“正是的”,由the very, the nly修饰时,关系代词一般用that。⑤当先行词为人与动物或人与物时,关系代词一般用that。⑥当先行词前面有wh,which等疑问代词时,关系代词一般用that。
4.指物时只用which不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句时,只有which。②当关系代词前使用介词时,只用which。③先行词本身是that,或一个句子同时有两个定语从句,其中一个是由that引导时,另一个用which,以免重复。
【感悟高考】1.The prize will g t the writer ________stry shws the mst imaginatin.(2011·新课标,31)A.that B.which C.whse D.what解析 句意:奖品将发给故事最能展示其想像力的作者。whse引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰stry; whse stry相当于the stry f whm。答案 C
2.The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses ________are built clse t each ther.(2011·山东,32)A.they B.where C.what D.that解析 句意:这座老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和坐落在一起的矮小的房子。先行词为small huses, that代替先行词,引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语。答案 D
3.Mary was much kinder t Jack than she was t the thers, ________f curse, made all the thers upset.(2011·北京,26)A.wh B.which C.what D.that解析 句意:玛丽对杰克要比对其他人好,这当然令其他人不快。本题为非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代整个主句的意思,故B项正确。答案 B
4.Julie was gd at German, French and Russian, all f ________she spke fluently.(2011·湖南,25)A.wh B.whm C.which D.that解析 句意:朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语,并且说得都很流利。此处由“代词+f+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,which指代先行词German, French and Russian。答案 C
5.The ld temple ________rf was damaged in a strm is nw under repair.(2010·陕西,11)A.where B.which C.its D.whse解析 所填词引导定语从句,先行词是The ld temple,关系词在从句中作rf的定语,故选D。答案 D
6.I refuse t accept the blame fr smething ________was smene else's fault.(2010·全国Ⅱ,16)A.wh B.that C.as D.what解析 不定代词smething作主语,用that引导定语从句。答案 B
7.Children wh are nt active r ________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010·北京,27)A.what B.whse C.which D.that解析 句意:不爱运动或者饮食中热量高的孩子会很快发胖。whse谁的,符合题意。答案 B
8.The settlement is hme t nearly 1,000 peple, many f ________left their village hmes fr a better life in the city.(2010·浙江,3)A.whm B.which C.them D.thse解析 由many f之前的逗号可知,故排除C、D两项。由于先行词表示人,故用whm。句意为“这个定居点里居住着将近1 000人,他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市里追求更好的生活”。答案 A
【翻译句子】1.昨天我买了一本和你有的词典一样的词典。______________________________________________________答案 I bught the same dictinary as yu have yesterday.2.上周他买了一所房子,窗户是由木头做成的。______________________________________________________答案 He bught a huse last week whse windw is made f wd.3.我将永远记住史密斯先生上的第一节课。______________________________________________________答案 I will always remember the first lessn that was given by Mr. Smith.
4.那些给我们带来快乐的人应该受到我们的关爱。______________________________________________________答案 Thse peple wh bring us happiness shuld be lved.5.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。______________________________________________________答案 He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
【写作分析】第一步:审题谋篇本文为一篇通讯,是对禁烟政策的报道。首先要明确禁烟政策的内容及实施的时间和范围;实施这一政策的目的及具体措施;并用具体的数据来表明这一政策实施的重要性及必要性。根据政策要实施的时间可以看出,本文的时态应以现在时态为主。写作时,注意要行文连贯,要点齐全,用词恰当。
第二步:提炼要点1.从2011年1月1日起,我们国家将在公共场所实施禁烟政策。①实施政策____________________________②禁止吸烟 _________________________________________2.主要目的是通过张贴禁烟的标志来确保每个公共场所无烟。①主要目的 __________________________________②确保 ___________________________________________③通过张贴 __________________________________________
3.大约5.4亿的非烟民受二手烟的影响。①受影响 ________________________________________②非烟民 __________________________________________4.每年,多于10万人死于二手烟。①因为 _________________________________________②死于二手烟 ______________________________答案 1.①carry ut the plicy ②ban smking 2.①the main aim ②make sure ③by psting 3.①be influenced by... ②nnsmkers 4.①because f ②die f the secndhand smke
第三步:连句成篇【参考范文】T ban smking in public buildings, ur cuntry will begin t carry ut a plicy all ver the cuntry since January 1st, 2011. The main purpse f the plicy is t make sure that every public rm has n smke. The signs f preventing smking will be psted t help it. There are abut 350 millin peple wh have smked recently. Amng thse peple the male hld 75 percent and the female hld 25 percent. Because f these smkers, abut 540 millin nnsmkers are influenced. Mre than 100 thusand peple die per year because f the secndhand smke. S it is necessary t help smkers give up smking in rder t keep healthy.
【写作模板】(1)主题突出。通常有比较固定的写作格式,如文首通常有报道的地点或时间,第一句话常常是文章的导语,是对整篇文章的高度概括。通过这句话我们可以了解文章的大致内容和主题。(2)标题醒目。好的标题能使读者在最短的时间内了解新闻的主要内容,引起阅读兴趣。(3)正文简洁生动。避免使用被动语态,抓住一些显著的细节进行深入描写,语法要正确,准确选取动词及时态等。(4)格式通常采用经典的“倒金字塔”格式,由三个部分构成,即标题(title)、导语(leadin)和正文(bdy)。
一、常见同音异形(义)词(4)
二、名师导学避开陷阱夺高分(3)定语从句通常直接由关系代词或关系副词引导,但当定语从句与先行词有所属关系时也有创新句型:特定词汇+f whm/which引导定语从句,不少考生因不了解这一句型造成误选。
【例1】 The grwing speed f a plant is influenced by a number f factrs, ________are beynd ur cntrl.A.mst f them B.mst f whichC.mst f what D.mst f that解析 定语从句与先行词可连成mst f a number f factrs are beynd ur cntrl,因此,该空应用mst f which引导定语从句,但不少考生因不了解这一句型而误选A。答案 B
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