高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you导学案及答案

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you导学案及答案，共4页。

过去分词作状语
[观察例句]
1．Treated this way，yu're sure t feel hurt.
2．Apprached in this way，yur friendship will sn be repaired.
3．Filled with anger，yu tend t say whatever cmes t yur mind.
4．Lst in deep thught，he didn't hear the sund!
5．The signal given，the bus started.
6．When given a medical examinatin，yu shuld keep calm.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作状语的基本用法
1．过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Built thirty years ag，the huse lks very beautiful.
虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。
He walked slwly in the frest，fllwed by a dg.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。
2．过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
3．过去分词作状语的位置
过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。
[名师点津]
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语，一般都有逗号同其他成分隔开，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
1．逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went ut，shutting the dr behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Nt knwing what t d，he went t his parents fr help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given mre encuragement，the by culd have behaved better.
如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties，we must try t vercme them.
在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
(3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lst in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、statined(驻扎)、lst/absrbed(沉溺于)、 brn in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired f(厌烦了)等。
Lst/Absrbed/Buried in deep thught，he didn't hear the sund.
因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Brn in this beautiful twn，he hates t leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
2．时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(ding)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having dne)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been dne)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(fr＋一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry，this article was nt s gd.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully，he fund smething he hadn't knwn befre.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having finished his hmewrk，he went hme.
完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having been discussed several times，the decisin was finally made.
进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
[即时训练] 改写下列句子
1．Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
2．Althugh the bk has been published many times，the bk still sells well in the market.
Althugh published many times，the bk still sells well in the market.
3．Thugh he was defeated，he remained a ppular bxer.
Thugh defeated，he remained a ppular bxer.
4．Once it is visited，the city will never be frgtten.
Once visited，the city will never be frgtten.
5．If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall.
United，we stand；divided，we fall.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Influenced(influence)by his father，he fell in lve with literature.
2．He std there silently，mved (mve) t tears.
3．Time，used(use) crrectly，is the mney in the bank s we shuld cherish every secnd.
4．Offered (ffer) an imprtant rle in a new mvie，Andy has gt a chance t becme famus.
5．Separated (separate) frm ther cntinents fr millins f years，Australia has many animals and plants nt fund in any ther cuntries in the wrld.
6．Generally speaking，if taken (take) accrding t the directins，the drug has n side effect.
7．Like ancient sailrs，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.
8．Raised (raise) in the prest area f Glasgw，he had a lng，hard rad t becming a ftball star.
9．Children，when accmpanied (accmpany) by their parents，are allwed t enter the stadium.
10．There is n greater pleasure than lying n my back in the middle f the grassland，staring (stare) at the night sky.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Have yu ever thught abut the best meal ever 1.eaten (eat)? Fr many peple，it isn't just abut the quality f the fd；it's als abut great memries f a particular vacatin r the persn it was shared 2.with．When 3.asked (ask)，100 famus chefs frm arund the wrld tld us 4.what their best meals were，and we gt sme 5.interesting (interest) answers.
As the researchers expected，30% f the chefs 6.surveyed (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the mst as an adult.20% 7.cnsidered (cnsider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best ne in their lives，and anther 10% said that a meal while they were n vacatin with their wife r husband was the best f all time.15% said that a simple meal ften 8.cked (ck) at hme ranked 9.higher(high) than any ther meal，and the same number said that their best dish was smething they made at the place where they (surprising)，10% f these chefs said that their favrite meal f their entire lives was at a fast fd restaurant！状语类型
例句
原因
Encuraged by the prgress he has made，he wrks harder.→As he is encuraged by the prgress he has made，he wrks harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
条件
Given mre time，we culd d it much better.→If we were given mre time，we culd d it much better.如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。
让步
Wunded，the brave sldier cntinued t fight.→Althugh he was wunded，the brave sldier cntinued t fight.尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。
时间
Discussed many times，the prblems were settled at last.→After they were discussed many times，the prblems were settled at last.多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。
方式
The ld man walked int the rm，supprted by his sn．→The ld man walked int the rm and was supprted by his sn.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
伴随
Mrs.Wu came in，fllwed by her daughter．→Mrs.Wu came in and she was fllwed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。