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八年级英语人教版上册例题与讲解:Unit2 How often do you exercise SectionB&SelfCheck
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Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
Section B & Self Check
Section B 2b
What Do No.5 High School Students
Do in Their Free Time?
Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.Our questions were about exercise,use of the Internet and watching TV.Here are the results.
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.Fortyfive percent exercise four to six times a week.Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week.And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
We all know that many students often go online,but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week.Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week.And eightyfive percent watch TV every day!①Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular.
②It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows,but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.It is healthy for the mind and the body.③Exercise such as playing sports is fun,and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.④And remember,“old habits die hard”.So start exercising before it's too late!,
第五中学的学生们在空闲时间做什么?
上个月我们咨询了学生们空闲时间的活动。我们询问的问题有关锻炼、上网和看电视。下面是咨询的结果。
我们发现仅仅有15%的学生每天参加锻炼。45%的学生每周锻炼4~6次。20%的学生每周仅锻炼1~3次。并且有20%的学生根本不参加锻炼。
我们知道大多数学生经常上网,但是令我们惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网。另外10%的学生一周至少上网3至4次。大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了作业。
关于看电视这个问题的答案也很有趣。仅仅2%的学生一周看1~3次电视。13%的学生一周看4~6次。并且85%的学生每天都看电视。尽管许多学生喜欢观看体育节目,但是游戏节目仍然是最受他们欢迎的。
尽管上网或观看游戏节目对放松很有好处,但是我们认为锻炼是最好的放松方式。锻炼使我们的大脑和身体更加健康。像参加体育运动这样的锻炼是有趣的,并且你可以与你的朋友和家人一起花费时间进行锻炼。请记住:“旧习惯是很难摈弃的。”所以我们要在身体还很健康的时候就开始锻炼。
1.She says it's good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有益。
本句是一个含有省略that的宾语从句的复合句。She says 是主句,其后省略了that,it's good for my health作says的宾语。
be good for 对……有益
Exercise is good for you.
锻炼对你有益。
be good at 在……方面做得好;擅长……
He is good at learning languages.
他擅长学习语言。
be good with 与……相处融洽
The teacher is good with his students.
这位老师和他的学生相处融洽。
be good to 对……友好
My new deskmate is good to me.
我的新同桌对我很友好。
health n. 健康,是不可数名词。
I think health is more important than money.
我认为健康比金钱更重要。
be in good/poor health 身体状况好/不好
My grandparents are both in good health.
我祖父母身体都很好。
healthy adj. 健康的
We should eat healthy food.
我们应当吃健康的食物。
unhealthy adj.不健康的
Junk food is unhealthy.
垃圾食品是不健康的。
【例1】Are the sunglasses good ______ eyes?
A.to B.with C.for D.at
A
对……友好
×
B
与……相处融洽
×
C
对……有益
√
D
在某方面做得好
×
句意
太阳镜对眼睛有益吗?
【例2】用good的相关短语填空
1.He is good______drawing.
2.She is good______the old woman.
3.Milk is good ______children.
4.Our teachers are all good ______us.
点拨:本题考查good的几个短语的用法。题1,“他擅长画画”,用be good at;题2,“她对老太太很好”,用be good to;题3,“牛奶对儿童有益”,用be good for;题4,“我们的老师都与我们相处得很好”,用be good with。
答案:1.at 2.to 3.for 4.with
【例3】Cola is ______,and it's not good for your ______.
A.healthy;health B.unhealthy;healthy
C.unhealthy;health D.health;health
解析[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]
根据后半句中your后应接名词,排除B项;is是系动词,后接形容词,排除D项;因为cola 属于垃圾食品,应该是“不健康的”,排除A项。[来源:学科网]
答案[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K][来源:学,科,网][来源:学科网]
C
句意
可乐是不健康的,并且它对你的健康没有好处。
2.How many hours do you sleep every night?你每天晚上睡几个小时?
本句是一个特殊疑问句。
how many 多少,后接名词复数。
How many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少名学生?
how many 和how much
how many和how much都可以表示“多少”,但how many后接可数名词复数,而how much后接不可数名词。
How many girls can you see?
你能看见多少个女孩?
How much milk do you want?
你想要多少牛奶?
【例题】—______hours do they exercise every day?
—Two.
A.How much B.How many
C.How often D.How long
A
多少,后接不可数名词
×
B
多少,后接可数名词复数
√
C
多久一次,表动作的频率
×
D
多久,多长
×
句意
“他们每天锻炼多少小时?”“两个小时。”
3.①Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular.尽管许多学生喜欢观看体育节目,但是游戏节目仍然是最受他们欢迎的。
本句是复合句,although many students like to watch sports是让步状语从句。
although conj. 虽然;尽管;即使
相当于though,引导让步状语从句。
在英语中,although(though)和but不能连用在同一个句中,即二者只能取其一。
Although he is tired,he didn't stop to have a rest.=He is tired,but he didn't stop to have a rest.
尽管他累了,但他没有停下来去休息。
【例题】______ she is young,______ she knows a lot.
A.Although;but B.Though;but
C.Although;/ D./;/
解析
因为although(though)不能和but同时用在一个句子中,故排除A、B两项;D项although/though和 but都不用,不足以表达句意,故排除。
答案
C
句意
尽管她年纪小,她却懂得很多。
4.②It's good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows,but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.尽管通过上网或观看游戏节目对放松很有好处,但是我们认为锻炼是最好的放松方式。
本句是由but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句中,it是形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式 to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows;后一个分句中,we think后接的是一个宾语从句,省略了that。
through prep. 以;凭借;穿过
He became rich through hard work and ability.
他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。
The sunlight was coming in through the window.
阳光穿过窗户照进来。
through,across,over
through意为“穿过”,指从物体的里面穿过。
across意为“穿过”,指从物体的表面通过。
over意为“越过;跨过”,指越过一个有高度的物体。
They walked through the park after supper.
晚饭后他们穿过了公园。
I swam across the river and felt very tired.
我游过了河,感到很累。
Can you jump over the fence?
你能跳过篱笆吗?
【例1】 Did he get the job ______ his father or his uncle?
A.by B.on C.through D.under
点拨:浏览题干和选项可知句意为“他是通过他的爸爸还是他的舅舅得到的那份工作?”,表示“凭借;通过”,选C项。
答案:C
【例2】 He climbed ______ the window and went into the classroom.
A.across B.through
C.over D.on
点拨:“从窗户里通过”即从里面通过,故用through。
答案:B
【例3】 Go ______ the street and you can find the shop.
A.across B.through
C.over D.cross
点拨:“从街道穿过”即从街道的表面通过,故选across。而cross是动词。
答案:A
5.③Exercise such as playing sports is fun,and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.像参加体育运动这样的锻炼是有趣的,并且你可以与你的朋友和家人一起花费时间进行锻炼。
such adj.& pron.这样的;那样的;类似的
作形容词时,其后修饰名词。
Tom lives in such a large house.
汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。
such和so
二者都有“如此;这样”的意思,但具体用法相异。such用来修饰名词,so用来修饰形容词或副词。
①such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数)
②such+adj.+n.(复数/不可数名词)
③so+adj./adv.
④so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数)=such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数)
⑤so+many/few/much/little+n.(复数/不可数名词)
He is such a clever boy.=He is so clever a boy.
他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
It's such fine weather today.
今天天气如此好。
They didn't have so much time to do their homework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。
such as 例如;像……这样
表示举例,相当于like。
I like animals such as cats and dogs.
我喜欢动物,像猫和狗。
such as结构既可表示为“名词+such as+例子”,也可表示为“such+名词+as+例子”。
I enjoy songs such as this one.=I enjoy such songs as this one.我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。
【例1】 He is ______ funny boy and we all like him.
A.such B.so
C.such a D.so a
点拨:funny修饰boy,说明空处修饰名词boy,故排除B、D两项;boy是可数名词,故排除A项。句意为:“他是那么有趣的一个男孩,我们都喜欢他。”
答案:C
【例2】 Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be ______ many poor people?
A.such;such B.so;so
C.such;so D.so;such
点拨:a rich country 意为“一个富有的国家”,用such修饰;many要用so修饰。句意为“你能相信在这么富有的一个国家里竟然有如此多的穷人吗?”
答案:C
【例3】 He knows five languages ______ English and Japanese.
A.are like B.such as
C.such like D.as such
点拨:A项意为“像”;C项错误;D项错误;句意为“他懂五种语言,像英语和日语”。
答案:B
【例4】 根据汉语意思完成下句
他早餐吃了一些水果,像香蕉和橙子。
He ate some fruit ______ ______ bananas and oranges for breakfast.
答案:such as
6.④And remember,“old habits die hard”.请记住:“旧习惯是很难摈弃的”。
die v. 消失;消灭;死亡
(1)作“死亡”讲,是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,强调动作,是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
His grandfather died five years ago.
他祖父五年前去世的。
(2)die可以用于进行时态,表示“即将死去,奄奄一息”。
He is dying.他快要死了。
dead 死的,是die的形容词形式。可作表语或定语。作表语时,表示状态。
His dog has been dead for two weeks.
他的狗已死了两周了。
death 死亡,是die的名词形式。
His mother's death made him very sad.
他母亲的去世使他非常难过。
【例1】 —Did the bird ______?
—No,but it ______.
A.die;dying B.dead;death
C.die;is dying D.death;is dying
点拨:浏览题干可知助动词Did开头,其后接动词原形,故排除B、D两项;根据句意“——这只鸟死了吗?——没有,但是它快要死了。”可知,用现在进行时。
答案:C
【例2】 The ______ dog ______ because of illness.
A.dead;death B.died;dead
C.died;death D.dead;died
点拨:dog是名词,其前应用形容词修饰,所以排除B、C两项;第二空内的词在句中作谓语,故选一个动词,排除A项,因为death是名词。句意为“这条死了的狗是由于疾病而死的”。
答案:D
7.However,she has some bad habits,too.然而,她也有一些坏习惯。
however adv. 然而;不过
He said that it was so;he was wrong,however.
他说事情是这样的,但是他错了。
however和but
二者都有“然而;但是”之意,具体用法不同。however 副词,可以放在句首、句中或句末,置于句中时,前后通常用逗号隔开。
He wanted to go to the shopping mall,however,he didn't go at last.
他想去购物中心,但最后还是没去。
but并列连词,常常在句中,引导一个表示转折关系的并列句。
Mike is young,but he can do it well.
迈克虽然年龄小,但是他能做好那件事。
however adv.无论如何;不管怎样,相当于no matter how。
However difficult it is,I want to have a try.=No matter how difficult it is,I want to have a try.
不管多么难,我都想试一试。
too adv.也,常用于肯定句末尾,前用逗号;也可作为插入语放在句中,前后均有逗号。在简略答语里,too常用于宾格人称代词后。
You,too,can do it.你也可以做。
—I want to exercise.我想锻炼。
—Me,too.我也想。
too,also和either
三者都有“也”的意思,但所放位置及所处的句式不同。
too常放在肯定句末尾。
I like surfing the Internet,too.
我也喜欢上网。
also常放在肯定句中,系动词、助动词或情态动词后,实义动词前。
I also like playing volleyball.
我也喜欢打排球。
either常放在否定句末尾。
He didn't go skateboarding,either.
他也没去滑滑板。
【例1】The two girls are twins,______,they look very different.
A.although B.but
C.however D.because
解析
根据空前空后句子的意思可排除A、D两项;but放在句中时其后不用逗号,而在本句中用了逗号,故排除B项。however 有这种用法。
答案
C
句意
这两个女孩是双胞胎,但她们看起来很不一样。
【例2】 It is raining hard,______,I should go to school now.
A.but B.yet
C.however D.though
解析
however 意义上与but相似,但常置句中,前后用逗号隔开。
答案
C
句意
现在雨下得很大,然而我现在该去上学了。
【例3】My favorite program is ______ sports.
A.too B.also
C.either D.to
解析
本题是肯定句,故排除C项;D项是具有干扰性的一项,与too同音异义;能放在句中系动词后的只有also。
答案
B
句意
我最喜欢的节目也是体育(节目)。
【例4】用too,also,either填空
1.I don't like this song.My sister doesn't like it,______.
2.You are ten years old.I'm ten years old,______.
3.You are a doctor.He is ______ a doctor.
答案:1.either 2.too 3.also
8.She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day.她通常一天看两个多小时的电视。
more than 多于,常用在数词之前,表示数量超过多少,同义词是over。其反义短语是:less than 少于
She sleeps more than/over nine hours every day.
她每天睡觉达九个多小时。
more than one 后接单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
More than one answer is to your question.
你的问题答案不只是一个。
【例题】 We stayed in the countryside for ______ than three weeks.
A.taller B.more
C.better D.bigger
解析
more than three weeks意为“三周多”。
答案
B
句意
我们在乡下待了三个多星期。
你知道如何应答日常活动、频率及喜好的用语吗?如知道,下面的与你想的一样吗?不知道也没关系,请看:
本单元涉及询问及应答日常活动、做某事的频率和个人喜好的交际用语。
交际用语
询问
应答
日常活动
What do(es) sb.do?
Sb.do(es) sth.
做某事的频率
How often do(es) sb.do sth.?
Sb.do(es) sth.+频度副词.
个人喜好
What's sb.'s
favorite sth.?
Sb.'s favorite sth.is...
1.—What does your brother usually do on Sunday?
星期天你哥哥通常做什么?
—He usually helps my grandmother do housework.
他通常帮我祖母做家务。
2.—How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?
—I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视。
—How often does he swim?他多久游泳一次?
—He swims twice a week.他一周游泳两次。
3.—What's your favorite TV program?
你最喜爱的电视节目是什么?
—My favorite TV program is Legal Report.
我最喜爱的电视节目是《今日说法》。
—Who's his favorite teacher?
他最喜欢的老师是谁?
—Miss Li.李老师。
【例1】He often goes to visit his teachers ______weekends.
A.in B.on
C.for D.to
解析
on weekends是固定搭配,意为“在周末”。
答案
B
句意
他经常在周末去拜访他的老师。
【例2】—______ does he go to Beijing?
—Never.
A.How B.How often
C.How about D.When
A
如何,怎样
×
B
多久一次
√
C
……怎么样
×
D
什么时候
×
句意
“他多久去一次北京?”“从未去过。”
【例3】What's ______favorite subject?
A.his B.he C.him D.he's
解析
“某人最喜欢的……”,应该用sb.'s favorite...表示,favorite前应用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示。
答案
A
句意
他最喜欢的科目是什么?
【例4】按要求改写句子
He takes a lot of medicine.(改为否定句)
He______take______medicine.
点拨:本句为一般现在时,且主语为第三人称单数,改否定句时,需借助助动词doesn't,否定句中一般不用a lot of,常用many或much表示。
答案:doesn't;much
写作指南
本单元是写关于介绍某人进行某活动的文章。通常以记叙文的形式体现。写此文章时,应注意:
一、可以开篇点题,在文章的开始交代人物,然后再进一步详细叙述情况。如做了什么事,多久做一次等,使文章内容具体、充实。
二、合理选用人称,记叙文可以用第一人称,也可以用第三人称来写。人称不同,其利弊不同。用第一人称行文,文章比较生动、形象,它给读者身临其境的感觉,但其叙述的范围受到一定的限制。因为它无法同时叙述发生在不同地方的事件。用第三人称行文,没有这种局限性,但是,用第三人称很难把不同地点的不同人物发生的事件排列恰当。具体用哪种人称,需要根据作文的要求来处理。
三、在结束时,可以用一两句话点明所叙述事情的作用。
下表列出了你的四个朋友喜欢的活动和他们做这些活动的频率,请根据表格内容写一篇文章描述一下。
Name
Activity
How often
John
Playing basketball
Almost every day
David
Surfing the Internet
Once two weeks
Han Mei
Shopping
Three times a week
Li Ping
Reading in the library
Once a week
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There are fifty students in our class.John,David,Han Mei and Li Ping are my best friends.Let me tell you what they like doing best.
John likes playing basketball best.He plays it almost every day.He says basketball is very exciting,but he doesn't care about the results of the game.David likes surfing the Internet,but his parents don't want him to play with the computer too often.So he surfs the Internet once two weeks.Han Mei likes shopping best.She does shopping three times a week.Li Ping likes reading in the library.She goes there once a week.What about you?What do you like doing best?How often do you do it?
点评:开篇点题,说明作者的好朋友喜欢的活动,从而为下文做好铺垫。按照表格,运用恰当的短语和句子描述了他们的具体活动,并写出了从事这些活动的频率,同时加进了对这些活动的评价,显得丰满不空洞。最后两句紧扣上文,起到了与上文相呼应的作用。
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