2021-2022学年河南省周口市川汇区上期期末考试卷人教版八年级数学(含答案)卷+答)
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这是一份2021-2022学年河南省周口市川汇区上期期末考试卷人教版八年级数学(含答案)卷+答),共9页。
2021—2022学年度上期期末考试试卷八 年 级 数 学注意事项:1.本试卷共4页,三个大题,满分120分,考试时间100分钟.2.本试卷上不要答题,请按答题卡上注意事项的要求直接把答案填写在答题卡上.答在试卷上的答案无效.一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)下列各小题均有四个答案,其中只有一个是正确的.01.下列长度的三条线段与长度为4的线段首尾依次相连能组成四边形的是A.1,1,2, B.1,1,1 C.1,2,2 D.1,1,602.如图,点B,F,C,E共线,,,添加一个条件,不能判断△ABC≌△DEF的是A. B. C. D.AC∥FD03.点向上平移2个单位后与点关于y轴对称,则A.1 B. C. D.04.下列运算正确的是A. B. C. D.05.加上下列单项式后,仍不能使是一个整式的完全平方式的是A. B. C. D. 06.如图,在边长为的正方形中,剪去一个边长为的小正方形,将余下部分对称剪开,拼成一个平行四边形,根据两个图形阴影部分面积的关系,可以得到一个关于,的恒等式是A. B. C. D.07.如图,将△ABC的BC边对折,使点B与点C重合,DE为折痕,若,,则 A.45° B.60° C.35° D.40°08.x满足什么条件时分式有意义A. B. C. D.09.北斗三号系统产生的时间基准可达到300万年误差1秒,创造了卫星授时的“中国精度”.北斗卫星授时精度为10 ns(1sns),这个精度以s为单位表示为A.s B.s C.s D.s10.如图,在△ABC中,,,点D为边AB的中点,点P在边AC上,则△PDB周长的最小值等于A. B.AB C. D.AC 二、填空题(每小题3分,共15分)11.长方形的一边长为x,面积为1,则它的周长等于__________.12.正五边形的一个内角与一个外角的比_________. 13.如图,在我国南宋数学家杨辉所著的《详解九章算术》一书中,介绍了展开式的系数规律,称为“杨辉三角”.如第5行的5个数是1,4,6,4,1,恰好对应着展开式中的各项系数.利用上述规律计算:_________.14.如图,点P在四边形ABCD中,,,平分,设,,则与满足的数量关系是___________.15.因式定理:对于多项式,若,则是的一个因式,并且可以通过添减单项式从中分离出来.例如,由于,所以是的一个因式.于是.则__________________. 三、解答题(本大题共8个小题,满分75分)16.(12分)⑴ 运用乘法公式计算:;⑵ 分解因式:. 17.(8分)先化简,再求值:,其中. 18.(12分)解分式方程:⑴ . ⑵ . 19.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,cm,cm,cm,BD是△ABC的角平分线,点E在AB边上,cm.求△AED的周长. 20.(8分)八年级某班学生去距学校10 km的博物馆参观,一部分学生骑车先走,过了20 min后,其余学生乘汽车出发,结果他们同时到达.已知汽车的速度是骑车学生速度的2倍.⑴求骑车学生的速度;⑵如果要求骑车学生提前10 min赶到现场为参观活动做准备,他们出发的时间和汽车速度保持不变,骑车学生的速度需要提高多少? 21.(9分)如图,△ABC是等边三角形,DE∥BC,分别交AB,AC于点D,E.⑴求证:△ADE是等边三角形;⑵点F在线段DE上,点G在△ABC外,,,求证:. 22.(9分)操作实验:一张大小为1个单位面积的纸条,按照如下方法将它剪去:第1次剪去纸条面积的,第2次剪去纸条剩余面积的,第3次剪去纸条剩余面积的,第4次剪去纸条剩余面积的,…,第n次剪去纸条剩余面积的.⑴完成下表表格内容:⑵由于面积总量为1,可得__________________;⑶计算,并逆用计算结果证明⑵中的等式. 23(9分)如图,已知锐角△ABC.⑴尺规作图:作△ABC的高AD(保留作图的痕迹,不要求写出作法);⑵若,与DC有什么关系?并说明理由.
2021—2022学年度上期期末考试试卷八年级数学参考答案一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)二、填空题(每小题3分,共15分) 三、解答题(本大题共8个小题,满分75分)16.(12分)【解】⑴ 原式························································3分;························································6分⑵ 原式························································9分.·······················································12分17.(8分)【解】原式························································6分.······················································7分当时,原式.·················································8分18.(12分)【解】⑴方程两边乘,得.解得.·····················································4分检验:当时,.所以,原分式方程的解为.·····································6分⑵方程两边乘,得.解得.····················································10分检验:当时,.所以,原分式方程无解.······································12分19.(8分)【解】∵cm,cm,∴cm.∵cm,∴.∵BD是△ABC的角平分线,∴.∵,∴△DBC≌△DBE(SAS). ···································5分∴.∵cm,∴△AED的周长等于7cm.·········································8分20.(8分)【解】⑴设骑车学生的速度为x km/h,则汽车的速度为 km/h.依题意,.方程两边同乘以,得.解得.检验:当时,.所以,原分式方程的解是.所以,骑车学生的速度为15 km/h;································4分⑵设骑车学生的速度提高a km/h. 依题意,.解得.检验:当时,.所以,原分式方程的解是.所以,骑车学生的速度需要提高5 km/h.···························8分21.(9分)【证明】⑴∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴.∵DE∥BC,∴,.∴.∴△ADE是等边三角形;·········································3分⑵连接AG,∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴. ∵,,∴△ABF≌△ACG.·······································6分∴,.∴△AFG是等腰三角形.∵.∴△AFG是等边三角形.∴.························································9分22.(9分)【解】⑴,;,;····························································2分⑵;·································································4分⑶.··························································6分∴原式.·····················································9分
23(9分)【解】⑴如图;······················································4分⑵相等.······················································5分在DC上取点E,使,连接AE.∵,,∴AD是线段BE的垂直平分线.∴,.∵,∴.∵,∴.∴.∴.························································9分
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