外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature练习题

这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature练习题，共15页。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Analysis f (样本) taken frm sme areas in this cuntry shws that the virus has mutated and becme mre infectius.
2.Sme (种子)fell alng the ftpath, and the birds came and ate them up.
3.The (嫌疑犯)was arrested unawares, withut the chance t dispse f the evidence.
4.Stne tls that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities f ur human (祖先).
5.The time we spent tgether is nw a d memry.
6.The cmpany, New England Electric, burns cal t g pwer.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
answer the call;in questin;be crwded with;adapt t;a variety f
1.The island ffers such scenery and wildlife that it attracts many turists.
2.The plicy f delaying retirement that is is attracting a lt f attentin.
3.The wrld will be different, and we will have t be prepared t the change.
4.The pl where I swim usually senirs wrking ut.
5.Nn-lcal emplyees in areas at high risk f the epidemic t stay where they are t celebrate their Spring Festival.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. (date) back t the Qin Dynasty, the traditinal crsstalk shws have made peple all ver the cuntry rar with laughter fr centuries.
2.Research findings seem (indicate) that the creatin by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as a discvery by a great scientist.
3.It was in a small village in the suth he spent his childhd and met his lifelng friend—the lcal schlmaster.
4.I think it's disgrace that the cuntry simply passes the buck.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.直到1911年人们才发现了第一种维生素。
It was 1911 the first vitamin was identified.
2.毫无疑问,我在学校学的急救技巧救了他的命。
the first aid skill I learnt in schl saved his life.
3.这本书非常有趣,我们都喜欢读。
This is that we all enjy reading it.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Charles Darwin was a gelgist and naturalist, fascinated by rcks, plants and animals. He left England n the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The jurney gave him the chance 1 (study) varius living things in their natural envirnments. He nticed that sme species f animals were very similar 2 each ther.
At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time, and 3 (change) since. But Darwin began t think differently.
When the ship reached the Galapags Islands in 1835, it 4 (be) the birds that interested him the mst. He suspected that the different 5 (finch) had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, 6 had arrived n the islands a lng time befre.
It was a 7 (cmplete) new idea—a thery f evlutin. Darwin explained this thery in his bk, On the Origin f Species. Many peple refused t believe that living things, 8 (include) humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life. But Darwin's scientific studies were s cnvincing 9 mre and mre peple started t believe his thery.
Tday, the bk 10 (regard) as ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021湖北四地六校高二上联考,)
A recent study by a team f researchers frm Canada has uncvered that birds living in cities are nt just better at prblem-slving and mre skilled in tasks than thse in the cuntryside, but they als have strnger immune(有免疫力的)systems!
The research, headed by Audet, a Ph.D. student at a university, examined the cgnitive(认知的) abilities f city birds with thse f their cuntry cusins. The team did their study in Barbads because it needs a brad range f situatins: frm crwded mdern cities t the cuntryside. They began by catching sme birds frm varius parts f the Caribbean island. The birds were then given several tasks. Sme tested their assciative learning skills while thers were t bserve hw creative they were at prblem-slving. While cuntry birds are als much braver, the city birds appeared t be mre careful when facing unfamiliar things.
The results did nt surprise the researchers. After all, birds living in cities and twns face many mre challenges and dangers than thse that live in the cuntry. But as it turns ut, the city birds prve t have better immunity and are therefre mre resistant t diseases than thse living in the cuntryside. While additinal studies need t be dne t see if this is true fr all city birds, there is n reasn t believe that the results wuld be any different.
Thugh this is the first time researchers have cmpared the cgnitive abilities f birds living in different cnditins, it is nt the first study t examine the differences between city and cuntry birds. Previus research has shwn that blackbirds in cites are similarly mre careful than cuntry blackbirds, and that sparrws and blackbirds living in cities sing at a higher frequency t be heard ver city nise and t make up fr sund distrtin(失真)caused by tall buildings. If nly birds knew the advantages f living amng humans, maybe mre wuld mve t cities!
1.Hw are city birds different frm cuntry birds accrding t the research?
A.City birds have a weaker immune system because f air pllutin.
B.City birds are braver when facing unfamiliar things r situatins.
C.Cuntry birds are less skilled at jbs requiring creatin and skills.
D.Cuntry birds have a wider range f challenges t survive.
2.What cnclusin des the authr think further studies will draw?
A.Cuntry birds can be taught the advantage f living in cities.
B.City birds are mre resistant t diseases than cuntry birds.
C.City birds are mre likely t get sick than cuntry birds.
D.Cuntry birds are mre careful in dangerus situatins.
3.Why d city birds sing mre frequently than cuntry birds?
A.There're mre dangers in cities fr them.
B.The birds live far away frm each ther.
C.There are a wider range f situatins.
D.There's t much nise in the city.
4.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.Research int birds' immune system and learning pwer.
B.City birds are smarter and healthier than cuntry birds.
C.What a Ph.D. student has dne has surprised the wrld.
D.The necessity and ways t mve cuntry birds t cities.
B
(2020湖南湘潭高一模拟,)
A dragnfly barely an inch and a half lng appears t be the animal wrld's mst prductive lng distance traveler—flying thusands f miles ver ceans as it migrates frm cntinent t cntinent—accrding t the newly published research.
Bilgists wh led the study say the evidence is in the genes. They fund that ppulatins f this dragnfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada, Japan, Krea, India, and Suth America, have genes s similar that there is nly ne likely explanatin. Apparently—smehw—these insects are traveling distances that are extrardinarily lng fr their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each ther, and creating a cmmn wrldwide gene pl.
But hw d insects frm different cntinents manage t meet and hk up? Ware says it appears t be the way their bdies have evlved. “These dragnflies have adaptatin such as increased surface areas n their wings that enable them t use the wind t carry them.”
Dragnflies, in fact, have already been bserved crssing the Indian Ocean frm Asia t Africa. “They are fllwing the weather,” says Daniel Trast, wh analyzed the DNA samples in Ware's lab. “They're ging frm India where it's the dry seasn t Africa where it's the wet seasn, and apparently they d it nce a year.”
Wetness is a must fr Pantala t reprduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects wuld be driven t even attempt such a dangerus trip, which she calls a “kind f suicide”. The species depends n it. While many will die n the rute, as lng as enugh make it, the species survives.
Fr the mment, the details f this extrardinary insect travel are a best educated guess. Much mre wrk is needed t bring many lse ends tgether. Ware and Trast hpe that scientists can wrk n pltting thse rutes.
5.What prves Pantala flavescens are the wrld's lngest-distance flyers?
A.Scientists have tracked the dragnfly acrss the wrld.
B.There are many Pantala flavescens in varius cntinents.
C.The same dragnfly was fund bth in Asia and America.
D.Pantala flavescens in different cntinents have similar genes.
6.What helps Pantala flavescens fly ver s lng distance?
A.Their special bdy shape.
B.Their ability t use wind.
C.Their small and light bdy.
D.Their large and strng wings.
7.What is necessary fr Pantala flavescens t reprduce?
A.Damp weather.
B.Enugh sunshine.
C.Dry envirnment.
D.Warm nests.
8.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A.The weather.
B.The insect.
C.The wind.
D.The trip.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021山东泰安一中高一下月考,)
Plar bears are suffering in a 1 (warm)wrld than ever befre.
Plar bears live in envirnments t cld fr mst animals. Fr mst f the year, they live and hunt n the Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2 (they) fr the cld cnditins. But nthing has prepared the bears fr the danger 3 threatens the nly hme they knw.
The plar bears' wrld is melting. Studies shw that the plar ice 4 (decline) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Nw abut 20,000 t 25,000 plar bears live in the Arctic. Plar bears depend 5 the sea ice fr their 6 (survive). “The sea ice is mre than just this platfrm that the bears walk ver,” says Andrew Dercher, 7 scientist wh studies Nrth American plar bear ppulatins. “Withut it, they can't exist.”
Sme 8 (melt) and refreezing f the plar ice is natural. But in a warmer wrld, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time 9 (hunt). Nrmally, they have three mnths in the spring when they gain mre weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are nt 10 (active) hunting.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 1 Starting ut & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.seeds 3.suspect 4.ancestrs 5.distant 6.generate
Ⅱ.1.a variety f 2.in questin 3.adapt t 4.is;crwded with
5.answer the call
Ⅲ 考查非谓语动词。句意:传统的相声表演可以追溯到秦朝,已使全国人民放声大笑了几个世纪了。此处Dating back t...作状语。date back t意为“追溯到……”,没有被动形式。
2.t indicate 考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果似乎表明,伟大艺术家的创作和伟大科学家的发现一样是永恒的成就。seem后面跟动词不定式作宾语。
3.that 考查强调句型。句意:就是在南方的一个小村庄里,他度过了童年,并且遇到了他终生的好友——那个当地的教师。此处强调地点状语in a small village in the suth,故填that。
易错分析
此题容易误填where, 把该句判断为定语从句。判断是不是强调句型,可以把it is/was 和that去掉,能够还原为一个完整句子时,该句就是强调句型。
4.a 考查冠词。句意:我认为这个国家直接推卸责任是一种耻辱。be a disgrace是耻辱,是丢脸的事,故填a。
Ⅳ until; that 2.There is n dubt that 3.such an interesting bk/s interesting a bk
Ⅴ study 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰chance。很多特定的名词后可用不定式作定语,这样的名词有:way、time、reasn、chance、pprtunity、need、wish、effrt、right、ambitin等。
2.t 考查介词。be similar t意为“和……类似”。
3.hadn't changed 考查时态。句意:那时,人们认为所有的物种同时出现在地球上并且此后没有变过。根据句意和since判断用过去完成时的否定形式。
4.was 考查时态和强调句型。此处为强调句型。陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/wh(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。根据前后文可知为一般过去时态。
易错分析
此题容易受空格后面的birds影响,而误填were。在强调句型中,无论强调部分为单数还是复数,be动词的选择只有is或was。
5.finches 考查名词复数。由空前the different可知用名词复数。
6.which 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,指代先行词a cmmn ancestr,指物,故填which。
7.cmpletely 考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词new。
8.including 考查介词。此处including意为“包括……在内”。
9.that 考查连词。此处为结构。
10.is regarded 考查动词的语态。句意: 今天,这本书被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一。 be regarded as意思为“被认为是……”。
能力提升练
Ⅰ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,与生活在乡村的鸟相比,生活在城市的鸟更能创造性地解决问题,具有更强的免疫力。
1.C 细节理解题。第一、二段谈到这项研究对比了城里的鸟与农村的鸟的不同之处,发现城市的鸟比农村的鸟更会解决问题,更有创造性,免疫力更强,但是面对不熟悉的环境时更小心(careful) 而不是更勇敢(braver), 所以B项错误。A项中的weaker 和D项中的Cuntry birds 错误。根据第一段的信息可知选C项,在需要创造性和技能的工作方面,农村的鸟不如城市的鸟强。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But as it turns ut, the city birds prve is n reasn t believe that the results wuld be any different.”可知,接下来的研究是要证明是否城市里的鸟都比乡村的鸟免疫力更强、抵抗疾病的能力更强。A项“乡下的鸟可以学到住在城市的好处”、C项“城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更容易生病”以及D项“乡村的鸟在危险的情况下会更加小心”都不符合文意。故选B项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“sing at a higher frequency t be heard ver city nise”可知,城市里的鸟啼叫的频率更多一些,才能压倒城市噪音而被其他鸟听见。故选D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。全文介绍了针对城市的鸟和乡村的鸟所作的研究,结果发现城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更能创造性地解决问题,且免疫力更强。A项“研究鸟类的免疫系统和学习能力”、C项“一个博士生的成就震惊了世界”以及D项“把乡下的鸟移到城市的必要性和方法”都不符合文意。故选B项。
【高频词汇】
1.assciative adj.联想的,结合的 2.bserve v.观察 3.resistant adj.抵抗的 4.frequency n.频率 5.make up fr 弥补
长难句分析
原句 While additinal studies need t be dne t see if this is true fr all city birds, there is n reasn t believe that the results wuld be any different.
分析 该句中的While引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,相当于Althugh/Thugh。if在此处意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,作see的宾语。that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语。
句意 虽然还需要做额外的研究来弄清这是否适用于所有城市的鸟,但没有理由相信结果会有任何不同。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代,才会有相似的基因。反过来,在不同的洲有共同的基因,证明了它们曾飞到过那儿,也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragnflies have adaptatin such as increased surface areas n their wings that enable them t use the wind t carry them.可知这些蜻蜓适应性强,比如翅膀上表面积的增加,使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风的能力)正确。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must fr Pantala t reprduce可知这种蜻蜓的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,对于这种昆虫来说,这种危险的旅行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中,但这种物种依靠这种旅行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die n the rute, as lng as enugh make it, the species survives.可知,it指的是上文的危险旅行。
【高频词汇】
1.barely adv.仅仅;刚刚;勉强可能 2.migrate v.(随季节变化)迁徙;移居;迁移 3.apparently adv.显然;据……所知;看来 4.analyze v.分析 5.depend n依赖;取决于 6.plt v.(在地图上)画出,标出;绘制(图表)
长难句分析
原句 A dragnfly barely an inch and a half lng appears t be the animal wrld's mst prductive lng distance traveler—flying thusands f miles ver ceans as it migrates frm cntinent t cntinent—accrding t the newly published research.
分析 此句主干是 A dragnfly appears t be the animal wrld's mst prductive lng distance traveler。 flying thusands f miles ver ceans as it migrates frm cntinent t cntinent为现在分词作状语,里面含有as引导的时间状语从句。
句意 根据这项最新公布的研究——一只仅有一英寸半长的蜻蜓似乎是动物界最具生产力的长途旅行者——在从大陆迁徙到大陆的过程中,它在海洋上空飞行数千英里。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。北极熊生活在寒冷的北极,但是它们生活的地方正在慢慢融化。研究显示,自1978年以来,极地冰每10年减少9.8%。科学家们认为,如果没有冰,北极熊将无法生存。
1.warmer 考查形容词的比较级。句意:北极熊在一个比以往任何时候都温暖的世界里受苦。修饰名词 wrld,用形容词,由后面的than可知,应用比较级 warmer。
2.them 考查代词。句意:大自然已使它们为寒冷的环境做好准备。设空处作prepared的宾语,指前面提到的Plar bears,故填them。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:但对于威胁到它们唯一的家园的危险,北极熊毫无准备。设空处引导定语从句,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用that或which。
4.has declined 考查动词的时态。句意:研究表明,自1978年以来,极地冰层每10年减少9.8%。由since 1978可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语是the plar ice,故填has declined。
5.n/upn 考查介词。句意:北极熊依靠海冰生存。depend n/upn意为“依靠,依赖”,是固定搭配。
6.survival 考查名词。前面有形容词性物主代词their修饰,故用名词survival。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:研究北美北极熊数量的科学家Andrew Dercher说:“海冰不仅仅是北极熊行走的平台,没有它,它们就无法生存。”此处泛指“一个科学家”,scientist以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
8.melting 考查非谓语动词。句意:一些极地冰层融化和重新冻结是自然现象。and连接两个并列成分,由refreezing可知,用melting。
9.t hunt 考查非谓语动词。句意:但在一个更温暖的世界,这些周期加速,北极熊有更少的时间捕猎。此处表示“北极熊捕猎的时间更少”,故用不定式作定语。
10.actively 考查副词。句意:多余的脂肪将在北极熊不积极捕猎时被使用。修饰are nt hunting,作状语,意为“积极地”,用副词。
【高频词汇】
1.suffer v.受苦,受难 2.threaten v.威胁 3.platfrm n.平台
4.speed up 加速 5.nrmally adv.通常;正常情况下