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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists习题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists习题，共19页。试卷主要包含了t blame 考查固定搭配等内容，欢迎下载使用。
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She had n reasn t (怀疑) that Sylvia had nt tld the truth.
2.The pems may nt make sense and even seem (相互矛盾的), but they are easy t recite.
3.The plice think there may be a (联系)between the tw cases.
4.Yuan Lngping hped t (改变) the fd prblem by develping a recrd prductin f 1,500 kilgrams per mu.
5.All drivers are taught hw t (处理) emergencies befre they receive their driving licenses.
6.There are many ways t eat tmates;they can be eaten (生的) r cked with ther vegetables.
7.If the tigers cannt find enugh fd t eat,their numbers may d sharply.
Ⅱ.选词填空
subscribe t;nce and fr all;thanks t;attend t
1.We have t take measures t settle this prblem .
2.The nurses are busy the patients in the hspital.
3. yur timely help, we can finish the task in time.
4.If yu China Daily,it'll be delivered t yur dr every day.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Cheer up! Yu needn't feel (frustrate) at yur failure in the exam.
2.Officials say that few citizens (infect) with the virus wing t effective preventin nw.
3.These are just sme (prf) that we culd d fr the prgram.
4.These events (severe) affect ur envirnment as well as human health.
5.Carbn emissins frm human activities are partly t blame ur warming planet.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。
We haven't decided fr ur summer hliday.
2.澳大利亚的救援人员正把鲸鱼拖离沙洲,以便它们能返回大海。
The Australian rescuers are pulling the whales ff the sand banks they can return t the sea.
3.当学生进入青春期时,他们似乎很容易变得渴望展示出他们是不同的,是独立的。
When students reach puberty, they easily becme eager t shw that they are different and independent.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared 1 (disease) in the wrld until Jhn Snw shwed hw it culd be vercme. Chlera,as
2 deadly disease f its day,threatened rdinary peple. N ne knew its cause r its cure. Every time chlera brke ut,large numbers f 3 (frighten) peple died. Jhn Snw was determined 4 (slve) this prblem. He knew nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 5 (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 6 (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854, anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Jhn Snw decided t investigate. He marked the places n a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths 8 these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9 (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led t the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10 (defeat). Thanks t Jhn Snw, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021山西大学附属中学高二上月考,)
Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient times. Dzens f wmen have wn the Nbel Prize, ne f the highest hnrs in the wrld. Sme wmen scientists never married, sme wrked with their husband, and thers raised large families. It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries f the ancient histry f the earth. Mary and her father cllected fssils(化石)in their village n the suth cast f Great Britain. Fssils are parts f plants r animals that have been saved in rcks fr millins f years.
When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns(骨架)f several animals that n lnger existed n earth. She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.
In 1891, a yung Plish wman named Maria Skldwska traveled t Paris t study physics. She did s because she culd nt get a cllege educatin in Pland. She began wrking in the labratry with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether. They received the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist. Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was ne f the few wmen at the time that became famus as a scientist.
1.What des the authr think f wmen scientists accrding t Paragraph 1?
A.They g thrugh difficulties t be successful.
B.They cannt get the highest hnrs in the wrld.
C.They had better pay mre attentin t their families.
D.They have mre pprtunities t becme successful.
2.Why did Mary fail t be famus fr her discveries f fssils?
A.Because she didn't want t be knwn t anyne.
B.Because they weren't wrth studying.
C.Because nbdy recgnized them.
D.Because she sld them fr mney.
3.What can we knw abut Marie Curie?
A.She finished her cllege educatin in Pland.
B.She was the first wman t win tw Nbel Prizes.
C.She wn the first Nbel Prize befre getting married.
D.She and her husband wn the Nbel Prize in Chemistry.
4.What's the text mainly abut?
A.Ancient discveries f scientists.
B.Sme stries f wmen scientists.
C.Successful marriages f wmen scientists.
D.Sme wmen scientists winning the Nbel Prize.
B
(2021山东师范大学附属中学高二10月月考,)
What if we had the pwer t cntrl time, instead f mving frm the past t the present t the future? What if we culd jump, lp and travel thrugh time in a machine? What if we culd g wherever and whenever we pleased?
This ability wuld allw us t witness histric wnders, change decisins and see peple frm the past. We culd right wrngs and stp wars breaking ut nce and fr all.
The mysterius puzzle f time has kept peple debating its nature fr hundreds f years. Science fictin writers have turned it int imaginative stries. Sme scientists have even attempted t explain it using math. This math tries t make the dream f time travel cme true.
The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are ne thing. He called it “spacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensins in space: height, width and depth. A scientist named Hermann Minkwski added time as a furth dimensin.
Einstein intrduced tw ideas that have led t theries abut the pssibility f time travel. The first is relativity. The idea f relativity is that the frce f gravity causes space t bend, which causes time t twist. The secnd idea fcuses n special relativity. The idea is that a traveler mving super fast thrugh flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein cnsidered time “relative” because it is measured based n where we are n Earth r in space.
Stephen Hawking is a famus scientist. He believed that a time machine wuld never be built. If it were pssible, he thught, we wuld already knw. If a time machine culd be built, hw cme n ne frm the future has invaded us?
The first science fictin stry abut this theme is The Clck That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881.Since then, thusands f bks, films and televisin shws linked t this theme have explred the idea f time travel, in which sme tls such as phnes, watches, phtgraphs and ld bks take travelers backward and frward.
Will time travel ever happen? Wh knws? The mst imprtant thing is t keep yur eyes pen and have a sense f wnder.
5.What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T shw time and space are cnnected.
B.T shw peple's interest in time travel.
C.T draw readers' attentin t time travel.
D.T make peple believe time travel is pssible.
6.Which f the fllwing statements culd Einstein agree with?
A.Time travel is pssible in the future.
B.Peple can't mve faster than light.
C.Time travel is against scientific rules.
D.Spacetime is nt a real thing in thery.
7.What is the last but ne paragraph mainly abut?
A.The first science fictin stry.
B.Sme tls used in time travel.
C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pineer.
D.Different wrks abut time travel.
8.What is the writer's attitude tward time travel?
A.Cautius. B.Apprving.
C.Dubtful. D.Hpeful.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020湖南张家界高二上期末统考,)
Online curses have becme ppular in many cuntries. There are different kinds f nline curses, but mst shw a vide f a teacher and students in a classrm. Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne. 1 Of curse, watching vides n a screen is nt the same as taking part in a real class.
2 In Singapre, eight schls have been chsen t try new ways f using technlgy in the classrm. The schls have tablets(平板电脑)and tuchscreens instead f bks and blackbards in the classrms. 3 Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.
In Suth Krea, sme students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and ther cuntries since 2011. The teachers are in their hme cuntry and are cnnected t the Suth Krean classrms via the Internet. Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teachers. 4
Thanks t technlgy, mre and mre ways f teaching and learning are being develped.
5 But ne thing is fr sure—there has never been a mre interesting time than being a student.
A.E-learning can be successful.
B.There are als scial media platfrms(平台).
C.Other kinds f e-learning are being tested arund the wrld.
D.They give students the chance t study anywhere, at any time.
E.Nbdy knws what the classrm f the future will lk like.
F.And it can mve arund the classrm and talk with the students.
G.The curses that are taught via the Internet are called nline curses.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.cntradictry 3.link 4.transfrm 5.handle
6.raw 7.decrease
Ⅱ and fr all 2.attending t 3.Thanks t
4.subscribe t
Ⅲ 考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧。feel是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,此处修饰人,应填frustrated,意为“沮丧的”。
2.are infected 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在很少有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens与infect之间为被动关系,由say和nw判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are infected。
3.prfs 考查名词复数。句意:这些只是我们可以为这个程序做的一些证明。由句中的are以及sme可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填prfs。
易错分析
本题容易错填为prves,在这里,我们需要注意,以-f结尾的名词变复数时很多都是把f变为v然后加-es,然而prf、belief、chief、rf这几个词的复数形式都是直接在后面加-s。
4.severely 考查副词。句意:这些事件严重影响了我们的环境和人类健康。设空处修饰动词affect应该用副词形式,故填severely。
5.fr 考查介词。句意:人类活动产生的碳排放是造成地球变暖的部分原因。be t blame fr 意为“应为……负责任;应因……受责备”,故填fr。
Ⅳ t g 2.s that 3.it seems that
Ⅴ 考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一……。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的生命)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,表示一种致命的疾病,且deadly以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
3.frightened 考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱暴发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词peple,故用形容词frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。
4.t slve 考查动词不定式。句意:约翰·斯诺下定决心要解决这个问题。be determined t d...意为“下定决心做……”,故填t slve。
5.pssibly 考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词explained,故应填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
6.subscribed 考查动词的时态。句意:约翰·斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。subscribe t意为“同意,赞成”。
7.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知, 7 gave disease是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词which。
8.because 考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填because,引导原因状语从句。
9.t blame 考查固定搭配。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be t blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填t blame。
易错分析
在该题中学生会因为空前的was而认为是被动语态,从而错填成blamed。因此,在学习中要牢记短语“be t blame”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,表示“应受责备”。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填was defeated。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家为人类社会做出了很大贡献。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段末句It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 B选项(她们不能得到世界上最高的荣誉)与第一段第二句所述观点相悖;C选项(她们最好多关注她们的家庭)、D选项(她们有更多成功的机会)均不符合第一段内容。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段末句She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.可知,她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的They received the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist. 和Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.可知,1903年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是化学奖。由此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。A选项(她在波兰完成了大学教育),第四段前两句交代了玛丽·居里因为不能在波兰上大学,所以才去了巴黎学习物理;C选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖),而第四段第四句和第五句交代了他们是先结了婚,然后和另一位科学家一起赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖;D选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖)与第四段第六句所述内容不符。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现……女性很难成为成功的科学家。),然后讲述了玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。其中因为居里夫人获得了诺贝尔奖而使D选项具有干扰性,但是玛丽·安宁没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除D选项。
【高频词汇】 1.dzens f很多;许多 2.hnr n.荣誉,光荣
3.recgnize vt.认可;承认 4.cmplete adj.完全的,完整的
5.award vt.授予
长难句分析
原句 When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns f several animals that n lnger existed n earth.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。其中When引导时间状语从句;t find...为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰persn;that n lnger existed n earth为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals。
句意 当她只有12岁的时候,玛丽成了第一个发现几个动物的几乎完整的骨架的人,这些动物在地球上已经不存在了。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了时间旅行是否能够成为可能,并且引用了科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和斯蒂芬·霍金对于时间旅行的看法,同时也介绍了关于时间旅行的不同作品。
5.C 推理判断题。在第一段作者提到了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去移动到现在移动到未来,会怎样?如果我们能在机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样?如果我们可以想去哪就去哪,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样?”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,由此推断,作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。A项(为了表明时间和空间是有联系的);B项(为了说明人们在时间旅行方面的兴趣);D项(为了让人们相信时间旅行是可能的)。A选项表述的内容在文章第四段被提到:爱因斯坦认为时间和空间是一件事情,但显然,它不是第一段的写作目的。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点导致了关于时间旅行可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。B项(人们不能比光移动得快)与第五段中爱因斯坦的第二个观点(The idea is that a traveler mving super fast thrugh flat spacetime will enter the future)相悖;C项(时间旅行违背科学原则),第五段第一句提到了爱因斯坦提出了时间旅行的可能性的理论,所以爱因斯坦认为它有科学依据;D项(时空在理论上不是真实的事情),第四段中,爱因斯坦给出了时空的概念,说明爱因斯坦认为它是真实的。
7.D 主旨大意题。倒数第二段的首句介绍了第一个以这个话题为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目,由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。其中A、B和C选项都犯了“以偏概全”的错误,它们只是本段内容的一个方面。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The mst imprtant thing is t keep yur eyes pen and have a sense f wnder.”可知,作者对于时间旅行的态度是充满希望的。故选D。have a sense f wnder(持有一种好奇感)是解题的关键。A项“谨慎的”;B项“赞同的”;C项“怀疑的”。
【高频词汇】 1.witness vt.见证;目击 2.wnder n.奇迹
3.mysterius adj.神秘的 4.imaginative adj.富于想象力的
5.lead t导致,引起 6.invade vt.侵略
长难句分析
原句 Since then, thusands f bks, films and televisin shws linked t this theme have explred the idea f time travel, in which sme tls such as phnes, watches, phtgraphs and ld bks take travelers backward and frward.
分析 本句是主从复合句。thusands f bks, films and televisin shws是主句的主语,linked t this theme是修饰主语的后置定语,in which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thusands f bks, films and televisin shws。
句意 从那时起,成千上万与这个主题相关的书籍、电影和电视节目探讨了时间旅行的概念,在这其中,一些工具,如手机、手表、照片和旧书等带着旅行者来回穿梭。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。
1.D 上文提到Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne.(学生在线观看视频并参与线上活动。一些课程对任何人都是免费开放的。),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地学习。D项(它们给了学生随时随地学习的机会)符合语境。
2.C 第二、三段提到了新加坡、韩国对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在全世界进行测试。C项符合语境。
3.B 第二段最后一句提到Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词them指代B项中的scial media platfrms。故B项符合语境。
4.F 上文提到Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teachers.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。这个机器人由老师控制。),F项中的it指代前文中出现的rbt,故F项符合语境。
5.E 倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,越来越多的教学和学习方式正被研发出来。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。因此,没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子的。故E项符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.nline curses网络课程 2.instead f代替;而不是 3.prject n.项目;工程;计划 4.be cnnected t与……连接 5.interact with 与……交流 6.fr sure无疑;肯定
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She had n reasn t (怀疑) that Sylvia had nt tld the truth.
2.The pems may nt make sense and even seem (相互矛盾的), but they are easy t recite.
3.The plice think there may be a (联系)between the tw cases.
4.Yuan Lngping hped t (改变) the fd prblem by develping a recrd prductin f 1,500 kilgrams per mu.
5.All drivers are taught hw t (处理) emergencies befre they receive their driving licenses.
6.There are many ways t eat tmates;they can be eaten (生的) r cked with ther vegetables.
7.If the tigers cannt find enugh fd t eat,their numbers may d sharply.
Ⅱ.选词填空
subscribe t;nce and fr all;thanks t;attend t
1.We have t take measures t settle this prblem .
2.The nurses are busy the patients in the hspital.
3. yur timely help, we can finish the task in time.
4.If yu China Daily,it'll be delivered t yur dr every day.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Cheer up! Yu needn't feel (frustrate) at yur failure in the exam.
2.Officials say that few citizens (infect) with the virus wing t effective preventin nw.
3.These are just sme (prf) that we culd d fr the prgram.
4.These events (severe) affect ur envirnment as well as human health.
5.Carbn emissins frm human activities are partly t blame ur warming planet.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。
We haven't decided fr ur summer hliday.
2.澳大利亚的救援人员正把鲸鱼拖离沙洲,以便它们能返回大海。
The Australian rescuers are pulling the whales ff the sand banks they can return t the sea.
3.当学生进入青春期时,他们似乎很容易变得渴望展示出他们是不同的,是独立的。
When students reach puberty, they easily becme eager t shw that they are different and independent.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared 1 (disease) in the wrld until Jhn Snw shwed hw it culd be vercme. Chlera,as
2 deadly disease f its day,threatened rdinary peple. N ne knew its cause r its cure. Every time chlera brke ut,large numbers f 3 (frighten) peple died. Jhn Snw was determined 4 (slve) this prblem. He knew nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 5 (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 6 (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854, anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Jhn Snw decided t investigate. He marked the places n a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths 8 these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9 (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led t the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10 (defeat). Thanks t Jhn Snw, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021山西大学附属中学高二上月考,)
Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient times. Dzens f wmen have wn the Nbel Prize, ne f the highest hnrs in the wrld. Sme wmen scientists never married, sme wrked with their husband, and thers raised large families. It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries f the ancient histry f the earth. Mary and her father cllected fssils(化石)in their village n the suth cast f Great Britain. Fssils are parts f plants r animals that have been saved in rcks fr millins f years.
When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns(骨架)f several animals that n lnger existed n earth. She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.
In 1891, a yung Plish wman named Maria Skldwska traveled t Paris t study physics. She did s because she culd nt get a cllege educatin in Pland. She began wrking in the labratry with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether. They received the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist. Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was ne f the few wmen at the time that became famus as a scientist.
1.What des the authr think f wmen scientists accrding t Paragraph 1?
A.They g thrugh difficulties t be successful.
B.They cannt get the highest hnrs in the wrld.
C.They had better pay mre attentin t their families.
D.They have mre pprtunities t becme successful.
2.Why did Mary fail t be famus fr her discveries f fssils?
A.Because she didn't want t be knwn t anyne.
B.Because they weren't wrth studying.
C.Because nbdy recgnized them.
D.Because she sld them fr mney.
3.What can we knw abut Marie Curie?
A.She finished her cllege educatin in Pland.
B.She was the first wman t win tw Nbel Prizes.
C.She wn the first Nbel Prize befre getting married.
D.She and her husband wn the Nbel Prize in Chemistry.
4.What's the text mainly abut?
A.Ancient discveries f scientists.
B.Sme stries f wmen scientists.
C.Successful marriages f wmen scientists.
D.Sme wmen scientists winning the Nbel Prize.
B
(2021山东师范大学附属中学高二10月月考,)
What if we had the pwer t cntrl time, instead f mving frm the past t the present t the future? What if we culd jump, lp and travel thrugh time in a machine? What if we culd g wherever and whenever we pleased?
This ability wuld allw us t witness histric wnders, change decisins and see peple frm the past. We culd right wrngs and stp wars breaking ut nce and fr all.
The mysterius puzzle f time has kept peple debating its nature fr hundreds f years. Science fictin writers have turned it int imaginative stries. Sme scientists have even attempted t explain it using math. This math tries t make the dream f time travel cme true.
The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are ne thing. He called it “spacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensins in space: height, width and depth. A scientist named Hermann Minkwski added time as a furth dimensin.
Einstein intrduced tw ideas that have led t theries abut the pssibility f time travel. The first is relativity. The idea f relativity is that the frce f gravity causes space t bend, which causes time t twist. The secnd idea fcuses n special relativity. The idea is that a traveler mving super fast thrugh flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein cnsidered time “relative” because it is measured based n where we are n Earth r in space.
Stephen Hawking is a famus scientist. He believed that a time machine wuld never be built. If it were pssible, he thught, we wuld already knw. If a time machine culd be built, hw cme n ne frm the future has invaded us?
The first science fictin stry abut this theme is The Clck That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881.Since then, thusands f bks, films and televisin shws linked t this theme have explred the idea f time travel, in which sme tls such as phnes, watches, phtgraphs and ld bks take travelers backward and frward.
Will time travel ever happen? Wh knws? The mst imprtant thing is t keep yur eyes pen and have a sense f wnder.
5.What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T shw time and space are cnnected.
B.T shw peple's interest in time travel.
C.T draw readers' attentin t time travel.
D.T make peple believe time travel is pssible.
6.Which f the fllwing statements culd Einstein agree with?
A.Time travel is pssible in the future.
B.Peple can't mve faster than light.
C.Time travel is against scientific rules.
D.Spacetime is nt a real thing in thery.
7.What is the last but ne paragraph mainly abut?
A.The first science fictin stry.
B.Sme tls used in time travel.
C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pineer.
D.Different wrks abut time travel.
8.What is the writer's attitude tward time travel?
A.Cautius. B.Apprving.
C.Dubtful. D.Hpeful.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020湖南张家界高二上期末统考,)
Online curses have becme ppular in many cuntries. There are different kinds f nline curses, but mst shw a vide f a teacher and students in a classrm. Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne. 1 Of curse, watching vides n a screen is nt the same as taking part in a real class.
2 In Singapre, eight schls have been chsen t try new ways f using technlgy in the classrm. The schls have tablets(平板电脑)and tuchscreens instead f bks and blackbards in the classrms. 3 Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.
In Suth Krea, sme students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and ther cuntries since 2011. The teachers are in their hme cuntry and are cnnected t the Suth Krean classrms via the Internet. Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teachers. 4
Thanks t technlgy, mre and mre ways f teaching and learning are being develped.
5 But ne thing is fr sure—there has never been a mre interesting time than being a student.
A.E-learning can be successful.
B.There are als scial media platfrms(平台).
C.Other kinds f e-learning are being tested arund the wrld.
D.They give students the chance t study anywhere, at any time.
E.Nbdy knws what the classrm f the future will lk like.
F.And it can mve arund the classrm and talk with the students.
G.The curses that are taught via the Internet are called nline curses.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.cntradictry 3.link 4.transfrm 5.handle
6.raw 7.decrease
Ⅱ and fr all 2.attending t 3.Thanks t
4.subscribe t
Ⅲ 考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧。feel是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,此处修饰人,应填frustrated,意为“沮丧的”。
2.are infected 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在很少有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens与infect之间为被动关系,由say和nw判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are infected。
3.prfs 考查名词复数。句意:这些只是我们可以为这个程序做的一些证明。由句中的are以及sme可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填prfs。
易错分析
本题容易错填为prves,在这里,我们需要注意,以-f结尾的名词变复数时很多都是把f变为v然后加-es,然而prf、belief、chief、rf这几个词的复数形式都是直接在后面加-s。
4.severely 考查副词。句意:这些事件严重影响了我们的环境和人类健康。设空处修饰动词affect应该用副词形式,故填severely。
5.fr 考查介词。句意:人类活动产生的碳排放是造成地球变暖的部分原因。be t blame fr 意为“应为……负责任;应因……受责备”,故填fr。
Ⅳ t g 2.s that 3.it seems that
Ⅴ 考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一……。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的生命)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,表示一种致命的疾病,且deadly以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
3.frightened 考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱暴发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词peple,故用形容词frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。
4.t slve 考查动词不定式。句意:约翰·斯诺下定决心要解决这个问题。be determined t d...意为“下定决心做……”,故填t slve。
5.pssibly 考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词explained,故应填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
6.subscribed 考查动词的时态。句意:约翰·斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。subscribe t意为“同意,赞成”。
7.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知, 7 gave disease是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词which。
8.because 考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填because,引导原因状语从句。
9.t blame 考查固定搭配。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be t blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填t blame。
易错分析
在该题中学生会因为空前的was而认为是被动语态,从而错填成blamed。因此,在学习中要牢记短语“be t blame”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,表示“应受责备”。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填was defeated。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家为人类社会做出了很大贡献。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段末句It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 B选项(她们不能得到世界上最高的荣誉)与第一段第二句所述观点相悖;C选项(她们最好多关注她们的家庭)、D选项(她们有更多成功的机会)均不符合第一段内容。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段末句She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.可知,她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的They received the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist. 和Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.可知,1903年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是化学奖。由此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。A选项(她在波兰完成了大学教育),第四段前两句交代了玛丽·居里因为不能在波兰上大学,所以才去了巴黎学习物理;C选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖),而第四段第四句和第五句交代了他们是先结了婚,然后和另一位科学家一起赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖;D选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖)与第四段第六句所述内容不符。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现……女性很难成为成功的科学家。),然后讲述了玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。其中因为居里夫人获得了诺贝尔奖而使D选项具有干扰性,但是玛丽·安宁没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除D选项。
【高频词汇】 1.dzens f很多;许多 2.hnr n.荣誉,光荣
3.recgnize vt.认可;承认 4.cmplete adj.完全的,完整的
5.award vt.授予
长难句分析
原句 When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns f several animals that n lnger existed n earth.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。其中When引导时间状语从句;t find...为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰persn;that n lnger existed n earth为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals。
句意 当她只有12岁的时候,玛丽成了第一个发现几个动物的几乎完整的骨架的人,这些动物在地球上已经不存在了。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了时间旅行是否能够成为可能,并且引用了科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和斯蒂芬·霍金对于时间旅行的看法,同时也介绍了关于时间旅行的不同作品。
5.C 推理判断题。在第一段作者提到了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去移动到现在移动到未来,会怎样?如果我们能在机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样?如果我们可以想去哪就去哪,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样?”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,由此推断,作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。A项(为了表明时间和空间是有联系的);B项(为了说明人们在时间旅行方面的兴趣);D项(为了让人们相信时间旅行是可能的)。A选项表述的内容在文章第四段被提到:爱因斯坦认为时间和空间是一件事情,但显然,它不是第一段的写作目的。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点导致了关于时间旅行可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。B项(人们不能比光移动得快)与第五段中爱因斯坦的第二个观点(The idea is that a traveler mving super fast thrugh flat spacetime will enter the future)相悖;C项(时间旅行违背科学原则),第五段第一句提到了爱因斯坦提出了时间旅行的可能性的理论,所以爱因斯坦认为它有科学依据;D项(时空在理论上不是真实的事情),第四段中,爱因斯坦给出了时空的概念,说明爱因斯坦认为它是真实的。
7.D 主旨大意题。倒数第二段的首句介绍了第一个以这个话题为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目,由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。其中A、B和C选项都犯了“以偏概全”的错误,它们只是本段内容的一个方面。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The mst imprtant thing is t keep yur eyes pen and have a sense f wnder.”可知,作者对于时间旅行的态度是充满希望的。故选D。have a sense f wnder(持有一种好奇感)是解题的关键。A项“谨慎的”;B项“赞同的”;C项“怀疑的”。
【高频词汇】 1.witness vt.见证;目击 2.wnder n.奇迹
3.mysterius adj.神秘的 4.imaginative adj.富于想象力的
5.lead t导致,引起 6.invade vt.侵略
长难句分析
原句 Since then, thusands f bks, films and televisin shws linked t this theme have explred the idea f time travel, in which sme tls such as phnes, watches, phtgraphs and ld bks take travelers backward and frward.
分析 本句是主从复合句。thusands f bks, films and televisin shws是主句的主语,linked t this theme是修饰主语的后置定语,in which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thusands f bks, films and televisin shws。
句意 从那时起,成千上万与这个主题相关的书籍、电影和电视节目探讨了时间旅行的概念,在这其中,一些工具,如手机、手表、照片和旧书等带着旅行者来回穿梭。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。
1.D 上文提到Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne.(学生在线观看视频并参与线上活动。一些课程对任何人都是免费开放的。),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地学习。D项(它们给了学生随时随地学习的机会)符合语境。
2.C 第二、三段提到了新加坡、韩国对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在全世界进行测试。C项符合语境。
3.B 第二段最后一句提到Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词them指代B项中的scial media platfrms。故B项符合语境。
4.F 上文提到Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teachers.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。这个机器人由老师控制。),F项中的it指代前文中出现的rbt,故F项符合语境。
5.E 倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,越来越多的教学和学习方式正被研发出来。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。因此,没有人知道未来的教室会是什么样子的。故E项符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.nline curses网络课程 2.instead f代替;而不是 3.prject n.项目;工程;计划 4.be cnnected t与……连接 5.interact with 与……交流 6.fr sure无疑;肯定
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