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UNIT 5 Part 1 TOPIC TALK-2022版英语必修第二册北师大版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
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这是一份UNIT 5 Part 1 TOPIC TALK-2022版英语必修第二册北师大版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共10页。
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 1 TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The boy began to study (风景) painting.
2.The solar energy works by creating a (温室) under the plastic.
3. (野生动植物) has been greatly threatened in the modern age.
4. (洪水) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
5.He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the (飓风) clean-up.
6.In the 1960s, while studying the (火山的) history of Yellowstone National Park, he became puzzled about something that he couldn't find the park's volcano.
7.One summer, a (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert.
8.With one of the longest lockdowns lifted,bars, restaurants, and stores were soon c with people.
9.He suggested that school children avoid o of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.
10.There was a mixture of (震惊) and fear on their faces when they were updated on the latest death figure.
11.I'd buy a big boat and (航行) around the world.
12.They wanted to move to a warmer (气候区).
13.Oil pollution could damage the fragile (生态) of the coral reefs.
14.He was being stressed before he gave his (演讲).
15.The (头衔) will be officially given to me at the ceremony in London.
Ⅱ.选词填空
turn one's back on;be covered with;as a result;be famous for;in the face of
1.I like Japanese food because it being fresh.
2.The path to Dawson three-foot thick wet snow.
3.Perhaps you have great intentions, but they may break reality.
4.How can you me when I am in difficulty?
5. , people will eat more food to try to make up for what is missing.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He is my best friend. I just can't turn my back him now that he needs my help.
2.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and (crowd).
3.These (comment) came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
4.Never in his life had Shay run that far but he made it to first base, wide-eyed and (shock).
5.But the good thing is that nowadays more and more teenagers start to learn smoking is healthy nor cool.
6.I believe we can act boldly in the face the common threat.
7.You can have an idea worth (million) of dollars.
8.My father never talked about what he did for a (live).
9.Most of the English learners live in places English is not the main language.
10.It is very (worry) that forty days out of a year suffer from dangerous levels of pollution in London.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.听了史蒂夫的演奏后,汤姆拒绝对此发表评论。
After hearing Steve's playing, Tom refused to .
2.面对困难,我们永远都不应放弃。
We should never give up .
3.每当你背弃真理,你就远离了智慧、欢乐和力量。
Whenever you , you distance yourself from wisdom, joy, and strength.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020北京高一期末)
Emperor Penguins
Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we can see them?
You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica!
Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2℃. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.
Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other kind of penguin.
Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60—80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the male's place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed at sea. This cooperative parenting approach is at its finest.
By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is!
1.What's the meaning of the underlined word “cooperate” in the third paragraph?
A.Work together.
B.Fight against cold.
C.Protect themselves.
D.Move to warm places.
2.Emperor penguins .
A.feed on only certain types of fish
B.live in the most terrible weather conditions
C.are amazing birds that can both fly and swim
D.stay in water 18 minutes longer than other penguins
3.What can we learn about emperor penguins?
A.They are great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warm.
B.They are the most beautiful and the largest birds in the world.
C.They are good survivors and they move to warm places in winter.
D.They are excellent swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The chicks break up the eggshells in summer.
B.An emperor penguin lays several eggs at a time.
C.The male emperor penguins hatch the eggs in winter.
D.The chicks are ready to live on their own one year later.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020江苏如皋高一上期末)
Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
The most common causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. 1 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to harmless chemicals, and improving waste management.
2 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.
Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 3 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, and the children who are around mothers—they are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, strokes and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as the construction industry and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.
4 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:
• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.
• 5
• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.
• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.
• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.
A.However, of all the environmental pollution, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.
B.But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?
C.Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
D.The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.
E.A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.
F.Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.
G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021河南许昌长葛第一高级中学高一上第一次月考)
The Moon seems to follow you because it's so far away. That idea may sound wrong. After all, 1 could something faraway seem to follow along? To understand, start with objects 2 are much closer.
When you are riding in 3 car, close things seem to move 4 (rapid) as you pass them. A tree or house by the road starts out ahead of you. It comes up fast and, in a few moments, it's far behind you.
5 (object) that are far away do not seem to move very fast. 6 you can see a faraway building or a mountain from a moving car, notice how long it 7 (take) for that object to pass by. Out West, you can sometimes ride toward mountains that never seem to get any 8 (close).
The Moon is more than 200,000 miles away. It is 9 far away that the motion of your car doesn't change its position enough for you 10 (notice). So, the Moon just seems to follow you wherever you go.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 1 TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.landscape 2.greenhouse 3.Wildlife 4.Floods
5.hurricane 6.volcanic 7.drought 8.crowded 9.overuse
10.shock 11.sail 12.climate 13.ecology 14.lecture 15.title
Ⅱ.1.is famous for 2.was covered with 3.in the face of
4.turn your back on 5.As a result
Ⅲ.1.on 考查介词。句意:他是我最好的朋友。既然他需要我的帮助,我就不能不管他。此处turn one's back(on sb./sth.)意为“对某人/某事置之不理,对某人/某事撒手不管”,为固定搭配。
2.crowded 考查形容词。句意:这座19世纪的贫穷城市在很多方面都是一个可怕的地方,肮脏而拥挤。根据句意及and前的形容词可知此处用形容词符合语境,crowded拥挤的。
3.comments 考查名词复数。句意:这些评论是对当地新闻记者经常提出的特定问题的回应。根据句意及空前These的提示可知此处用名词复数。comment评论;意见;批评。
4.shocked 考查形容词。句意:在谢伊的一生中,他从来没有跑过那么远的路,但他成功地跑到了一垒,眼睛睁得大大的,震惊不已。根据句意及and前的wide-eyed的提示可知此处用形容词,所以用shocked。
5.neither 考查连词。句意:但好在现在越来越多的青少年开始认识到吸烟既不健康也不酷。neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”。
6.of 考查固定搭配。句意:我相信面对这一共同的威胁,我们可以勇敢行动。此处in the face of...意为“面对……”,为固定搭配。
7.millions 考查固定用法。此处millions of意为“大量的”。
8.living 考查词性转换。句意:我父亲从未谈起过他是做什么来谋生的。此处for a living意为“谋生”。
9.where 考查定语从句。句意:大多数英语学习者生活在英语不是主要语言的地方。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,先行词为地点名词places,设空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。
10.worrying 考查形容词。句意:在伦敦,一年中有四十天会遭受危险程度的污染,这是非常令人担忧的。分析可知此处应用形容词作表语,表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词worrying。
Ⅳ.1.make a comment on it
2.in the face of difficulties
3.turn your back on truths
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生活在南极的帝企鹅。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句“They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.”可知,为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以画线词的意思是“合作”。故选A。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段前三句对帝企鹅生存环境的描述可知,帝企鹅生活在最恶劣的天气条件下。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.”可知,帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者,它们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg.”和倒数第一段第一句“By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own.”可推知,雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故选C。
长难句分析
原句 To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中含有which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词birds。
句意 为了找到食物,这些无法飞行的鸟类可以比其他任何一种企鹅潜水更深。
【高频词汇】 1.survivor n.幸存者;生还者 2.excellent adj.优秀的;极好的;杰出的 3.meanwhile adv.同时;在此期间
4.relatively adv.相对地;相当地 5.appear vi.出现
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来幼童死亡率上升的主要原因:环境污染。
1.D 上文提出“The most common causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia.”(一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎。),而D项“该组织还说减少环境风险可以防止此类死亡。”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个介绍,使幼童死亡与环境污染产生联系,同时下文中的This指代D项中的reducing environmental risks。故选D项。
2.A 下文提到“The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year.”,A项“然而,在所有的环境污染中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。”对应下文中的air pollution“空气污染”符合语境。故选A项。
3.F 根据上文“Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.”可知,F项“她说每个人都需要呼吸。”,符合语境。故选F项。
4.B 根据下文“The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions”(美国环境保护署有以下建议),可知,这里说的是个人能做什么以减少空气污染带来的影响。B项“但是,个人能做些什么来限制家人与空气污染的接触呢?”符合语境。故选B项。
5.G 根据上下文可知,这里介绍的都是个人为减少空气污染带来的影响的方法。G项“为家庭配备空气过滤器和空调装置。”符合语境。故选G项。
长难句分析
原句 The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
分析 本句中that引导宾语从句,从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句,if意为“如果”。
句意 世界卫生组织警告说,如果污染继续恶化,儿童死亡将大大增加。
【高频词汇】 1.environmental adj.环境的,周围的;有关环境的
2.according to 根据,按照 3.greatly adv.很;大大地;非常
4.management n.管理 5.be responsible for...对……负责;是……的原因
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章用一些浅显易懂的例子说明为什么月亮像是跟着我们走。
1.how 考查特殊疑问词。句意:毕竟,那么远的事物怎么会看起来好像跟着人走呢?结合句意可知,此处应填how。
2.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中充当主语,句中无特殊情况,故填which或that均可。
3.a 考查冠词。car是可数名词,此处表泛指,故填a。
4.rapidly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词move,故填rapidly。
5.Objects 考查名词复数。that代指先行词,根据定语从句中的are判断先行词是复数,故填Objects。
6.When/If 考查连词。句意:当/如果你在移动的小汽车中看远处的建筑或者大山,请注意要用多长时间才会经过它。分析句子结构可知此处应填连词,再结合句意可知此处意为“当”或“如果”,故填When或If。
7.takes/will take 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处是宾语从句的谓语动词,可用一般现在时,也可用一般将来时,主语it是第三人称单数,故填takes或will take。
8.closer 考查形容词比较级。此处应填形容词作get的表语,又因为any在否定陈述句中常修饰比较级,故填closer。
9.so 考查副词。分析句子可知,此处为“so/such...that...如此……以至于……”句型,far是形容词,应用so修饰,故填so。
10.to notice 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处是enough to do结构,不定式作结果状语,故填to notice。
【高频词汇】 1.follow v.跟随 2.object n.物体 3.faraway adj.远处的 4.notice v.看到;注意到 5.position n.位置
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 1 TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The boy began to study (风景) painting.
2.The solar energy works by creating a (温室) under the plastic.
3. (野生动植物) has been greatly threatened in the modern age.
4. (洪水) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
5.He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the (飓风) clean-up.
6.In the 1960s, while studying the (火山的) history of Yellowstone National Park, he became puzzled about something that he couldn't find the park's volcano.
7.One summer, a (旱灾) hit Ontario, turning it into a burning desert.
8.With one of the longest lockdowns lifted,bars, restaurants, and stores were soon c with people.
9.He suggested that school children avoid o of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.
10.There was a mixture of (震惊) and fear on their faces when they were updated on the latest death figure.
11.I'd buy a big boat and (航行) around the world.
12.They wanted to move to a warmer (气候区).
13.Oil pollution could damage the fragile (生态) of the coral reefs.
14.He was being stressed before he gave his (演讲).
15.The (头衔) will be officially given to me at the ceremony in London.
Ⅱ.选词填空
turn one's back on;be covered with;as a result;be famous for;in the face of
1.I like Japanese food because it being fresh.
2.The path to Dawson three-foot thick wet snow.
3.Perhaps you have great intentions, but they may break reality.
4.How can you me when I am in difficulty?
5. , people will eat more food to try to make up for what is missing.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He is my best friend. I just can't turn my back him now that he needs my help.
2.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and (crowd).
3.These (comment) came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
4.Never in his life had Shay run that far but he made it to first base, wide-eyed and (shock).
5.But the good thing is that nowadays more and more teenagers start to learn smoking is healthy nor cool.
6.I believe we can act boldly in the face the common threat.
7.You can have an idea worth (million) of dollars.
8.My father never talked about what he did for a (live).
9.Most of the English learners live in places English is not the main language.
10.It is very (worry) that forty days out of a year suffer from dangerous levels of pollution in London.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.听了史蒂夫的演奏后,汤姆拒绝对此发表评论。
After hearing Steve's playing, Tom refused to .
2.面对困难,我们永远都不应放弃。
We should never give up .
3.每当你背弃真理,你就远离了智慧、欢乐和力量。
Whenever you , you distance yourself from wisdom, joy, and strength.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020北京高一期末)
Emperor Penguins
Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we can see them?
You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica!
Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2℃. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.
Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other kind of penguin.
Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60—80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the male's place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed at sea. This cooperative parenting approach is at its finest.
By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is!
1.What's the meaning of the underlined word “cooperate” in the third paragraph?
A.Work together.
B.Fight against cold.
C.Protect themselves.
D.Move to warm places.
2.Emperor penguins .
A.feed on only certain types of fish
B.live in the most terrible weather conditions
C.are amazing birds that can both fly and swim
D.stay in water 18 minutes longer than other penguins
3.What can we learn about emperor penguins?
A.They are great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warm.
B.They are the most beautiful and the largest birds in the world.
C.They are good survivors and they move to warm places in winter.
D.They are excellent swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The chicks break up the eggshells in summer.
B.An emperor penguin lays several eggs at a time.
C.The male emperor penguins hatch the eggs in winter.
D.The chicks are ready to live on their own one year later.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020江苏如皋高一上期末)
Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
The most common causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. 1 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to harmless chemicals, and improving waste management.
2 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.
Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 3 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, and the children who are around mothers—they are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, strokes and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as the construction industry and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.
4 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:
• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.
• 5
• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.
• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.
• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.
A.However, of all the environmental pollution, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.
B.But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?
C.Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
D.The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.
E.A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.
F.Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.
G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021河南许昌长葛第一高级中学高一上第一次月考)
The Moon seems to follow you because it's so far away. That idea may sound wrong. After all, 1 could something faraway seem to follow along? To understand, start with objects 2 are much closer.
When you are riding in 3 car, close things seem to move 4 (rapid) as you pass them. A tree or house by the road starts out ahead of you. It comes up fast and, in a few moments, it's far behind you.
5 (object) that are far away do not seem to move very fast. 6 you can see a faraway building or a mountain from a moving car, notice how long it 7 (take) for that object to pass by. Out West, you can sometimes ride toward mountains that never seem to get any 8 (close).
The Moon is more than 200,000 miles away. It is 9 far away that the motion of your car doesn't change its position enough for you 10 (notice). So, the Moon just seems to follow you wherever you go.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 1 TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.landscape 2.greenhouse 3.Wildlife 4.Floods
5.hurricane 6.volcanic 7.drought 8.crowded 9.overuse
10.shock 11.sail 12.climate 13.ecology 14.lecture 15.title
Ⅱ.1.is famous for 2.was covered with 3.in the face of
4.turn your back on 5.As a result
Ⅲ.1.on 考查介词。句意:他是我最好的朋友。既然他需要我的帮助,我就不能不管他。此处turn one's back(on sb./sth.)意为“对某人/某事置之不理,对某人/某事撒手不管”,为固定搭配。
2.crowded 考查形容词。句意:这座19世纪的贫穷城市在很多方面都是一个可怕的地方,肮脏而拥挤。根据句意及and前的形容词可知此处用形容词符合语境,crowded拥挤的。
3.comments 考查名词复数。句意:这些评论是对当地新闻记者经常提出的特定问题的回应。根据句意及空前These的提示可知此处用名词复数。comment评论;意见;批评。
4.shocked 考查形容词。句意:在谢伊的一生中,他从来没有跑过那么远的路,但他成功地跑到了一垒,眼睛睁得大大的,震惊不已。根据句意及and前的wide-eyed的提示可知此处用形容词,所以用shocked。
5.neither 考查连词。句意:但好在现在越来越多的青少年开始认识到吸烟既不健康也不酷。neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”。
6.of 考查固定搭配。句意:我相信面对这一共同的威胁,我们可以勇敢行动。此处in the face of...意为“面对……”,为固定搭配。
7.millions 考查固定用法。此处millions of意为“大量的”。
8.living 考查词性转换。句意:我父亲从未谈起过他是做什么来谋生的。此处for a living意为“谋生”。
9.where 考查定语从句。句意:大多数英语学习者生活在英语不是主要语言的地方。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,先行词为地点名词places,设空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where。
10.worrying 考查形容词。句意:在伦敦,一年中有四十天会遭受危险程度的污染,这是非常令人担忧的。分析可知此处应用形容词作表语,表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词worrying。
Ⅳ.1.make a comment on it
2.in the face of difficulties
3.turn your back on truths
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生活在南极的帝企鹅。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句“They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.”可知,为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以画线词的意思是“合作”。故选A。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段前三句对帝企鹅生存环境的描述可知,帝企鹅生活在最恶劣的天气条件下。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.”可知,帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者,它们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg.”和倒数第一段第一句“By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own.”可推知,雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故选C。
长难句分析
原句 To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中含有which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词birds。
句意 为了找到食物,这些无法飞行的鸟类可以比其他任何一种企鹅潜水更深。
【高频词汇】 1.survivor n.幸存者;生还者 2.excellent adj.优秀的;极好的;杰出的 3.meanwhile adv.同时;在此期间
4.relatively adv.相对地;相当地 5.appear vi.出现
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来幼童死亡率上升的主要原因:环境污染。
1.D 上文提出“The most common causes of the death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia.”(一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎。),而D项“该组织还说减少环境风险可以防止此类死亡。”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个介绍,使幼童死亡与环境污染产生联系,同时下文中的This指代D项中的reducing environmental risks。故选D项。
2.A 下文提到“The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year.”,A项“然而,在所有的环境污染中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。”对应下文中的air pollution“空气污染”符合语境。故选A项。
3.F 根据上文“Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor countries, according to the WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.”可知,F项“她说每个人都需要呼吸。”,符合语境。故选F项。
4.B 根据下文“The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions”(美国环境保护署有以下建议),可知,这里说的是个人能做什么以减少空气污染带来的影响。B项“但是,个人能做些什么来限制家人与空气污染的接触呢?”符合语境。故选B项。
5.G 根据上下文可知,这里介绍的都是个人为减少空气污染带来的影响的方法。G项“为家庭配备空气过滤器和空调装置。”符合语境。故选G项。
长难句分析
原句 The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
分析 本句中that引导宾语从句,从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句,if意为“如果”。
句意 世界卫生组织警告说,如果污染继续恶化,儿童死亡将大大增加。
【高频词汇】 1.environmental adj.环境的,周围的;有关环境的
2.according to 根据,按照 3.greatly adv.很;大大地;非常
4.management n.管理 5.be responsible for...对……负责;是……的原因
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章用一些浅显易懂的例子说明为什么月亮像是跟着我们走。
1.how 考查特殊疑问词。句意:毕竟,那么远的事物怎么会看起来好像跟着人走呢?结合句意可知,此处应填how。
2.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中充当主语,句中无特殊情况,故填which或that均可。
3.a 考查冠词。car是可数名词,此处表泛指,故填a。
4.rapidly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词move,故填rapidly。
5.Objects 考查名词复数。that代指先行词,根据定语从句中的are判断先行词是复数,故填Objects。
6.When/If 考查连词。句意:当/如果你在移动的小汽车中看远处的建筑或者大山,请注意要用多长时间才会经过它。分析句子结构可知此处应填连词,再结合句意可知此处意为“当”或“如果”,故填When或If。
7.takes/will take 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处是宾语从句的谓语动词,可用一般现在时,也可用一般将来时,主语it是第三人称单数,故填takes或will take。
8.closer 考查形容词比较级。此处应填形容词作get的表语,又因为any在否定陈述句中常修饰比较级,故填closer。
9.so 考查副词。分析句子可知,此处为“so/such...that...如此……以至于……”句型,far是形容词,应用so修饰,故填so。
10.to notice 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处是enough to do结构,不定式作结果状语,故填to notice。
【高频词汇】 1.follow v.跟随 2.object n.物体 3.faraway adj.远处的 4.notice v.看到;注意到 5.position n.位置
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