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Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
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这是一份Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共20页。
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Madame Marie Curie is famous for having won two Nobel Prizes—in Physics in 1903 and again in 1911 in Chemistry, but many other women have also been awarded the prize. Here are their stories.
Sigrid Undset
Sigrid Undset is one of the three Norwegian authors (and so far the most recent one) to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Undset received the Nobel Prize in 1928 for her powerful description of life during the Middle Ages in Scandinavia. In her lifetime, she wrote two huge novels set against the background of Norway in the 13th century, the 3-volume Kristin Lavransdatter, and the 4-volume Olav Audunssøn.
Gerty Theresa Cori
Gerty and her husband, Carl Cori, moved to the United States in 1922, where the two medical doctors worked together (against the advice of their colleagues) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute in New York, hoping to find the cure for diabetes(糖尿病). In 1947, Gerty, Carl and the Argentine doctor Bernardo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, making Gerty the first woman to hold the honor.
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Born in 1906 in Germany, Maria Goeppert-Mayer moved to the US with her husband Joseph Edward Mayer, a chemist, in 1930. While in the US, Goeppert-Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner. She was the first woman to receive the award in 60 years.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Dorothy Hodgkin showed a love for science as a child, and at age 18, she began studying chemistry at a women-only Oxford college. She earned her PhD at the University of Cambridge, where she first took an interest in X-ray crystallography and began studying the structure of proteins. In 1934, she moved back to Oxford, where she was appointed the university's first chemistry research fellow. Her work on mapping vitamin B12 earned her the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
1.What is Sigrid Undset well-known for in history?
A.Her discoveries.
B.Her inventions.
C.Her books.
D.Her social work.
2.How old was Goeppert-Mayer when she won the Nobel Prize?
A.30. B.57.
C.60. D.63.
3.Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry according to the passage?
A.Sigrid Undset.
B.Gerty Theresa Cori.
C.Maria Goeppert-Mayer.
D.Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.
B
Louis Braille was born in France in 1809. Sadly when he was a little boy, he had an accident. By the time he was four years old, he was completely blind. However, at the age of ten, Louis was lucky enough to go to one of the first schools for blind children in Paris. At this particular school they had special books. They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them. But there were two problems with this system. First, the letters were huge and difficult to read. Second, the books were very expensive so the school library only had fourteen altogether. Louis, who was very clever and creative, thought of a better way to improve books for blind people to read.
In 1821, when Louis was twelve years old, a soldier came to his school. This man had invented a system for soldiers to send and receive messages in the dark. Although this idea had not worked very well, Louis became very excited and began experiments with it. By the time he was fifteen, he had invented a system which used only six dots. And by 1827 the first book using his system was published.
It still took a long time before people realized what a wonderful invention Braille's system was. In fact, Louis died in 1852 and did not live to see the success of his system, which has been adapted to almost every language in the world. Thanks to him, blind or weak-sighted people are able to read or write as well as any sighted person.
4.What did books for the blind look like when Louis was a boy?
A.No books designed for the blind.
B.Books with raised dots on each page.
C.Books with letters rising up off the page.
D.The same books as those for the able-bodied.
5.What led Louis to invent a reading system for the blind?
A.The letters were huge and difficult to read.
B.Books designed for the blind were too costly.
C.The number of books for the blind was very small.
D.A messaging system for soldiers to use in the dark inspired him.
6.When did Louis invent a reading system for the blind?
A.In 1821. B.In 1824. C.In 1827. D.In 1852.
7.According to the last paragraph, what significance does Louis Braille's reading system have?
A.It helps the blind to learn independently.
B.It makes it easy and convenient for the blind to live.
C.It has been adapted to every language in the world.
D.It contributes to producing more books for the blind.
C
British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition(传统) rather than raising their children's competitiveness as American parents do.
Dr. Aaron Reeves from Oxford University found that UK parents do not see musical practice as character building or a useful thing in getting a place in university or getting jobs for their children. Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.
This is different from what the other researchers found in America. Middle-class parents in the US appear to associate(联系) these cultural practices with other worldly benefits and often center these music activities around the school subjects.
Researchers think that it may be due to the fact that US parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors.
However, for British parents, no such direct connection is made with future education or job advantages. The parents interviewed here did not connect music with usefulness but they just paid attention to the value of music and saw musical practice as a family tradition and, to some degree, as something valuable in its own right.
One Scottish parent said during an interview, “We've got two learning musical instruments. If they think it is fun, we try and encourage them, but we wouldn't force them.” Another housewife said, “My son has just turned five and I want him to play the guitar because his uncle is good at it, but it's up to my son.”
“Lots of UK parents don't think music practice could be very helpful for children's confidence or school success. They say that it takes time and some talent for children to gain a competitive advantage,” said Dr. Reeves. “I think they are right.”
8.What does the underlined word “their” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The US parents'.
B.The UK children's.
C.The UK parents'.
D.The US children's.
9.What do British parents think of music learning?
A.It is useful for their children to get better jobs.
B.It can be helpful to build their children's confidence.
C.It helps their children to succeed in their schoolwork.
D.It would be better for children to take it as a hobby.
10.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Both the US and UK parents are right.
B.The other researchers' findings are misleading.
C.Dr. Reeves agrees with the UK parents.
D.Only the talented children can benefit from music learning.
11.What is the text mainly about?
A.The benefits of extra music learning for children.
B.The American parents' attitude towards music learning.
C.Differences in parenting styles between the British and American.
D.Different attitudes towards music learning in the UK and US.
D
Our solar system might be crazier than we once thought. Scientists say that deep within Uranus(天王星)and Neptune(海王星)it rains diamonds.
On Earth, diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure. The inside of Uranus and Neptune also has high temperatures and pressures. What's more, the blue planets are largely made up of icy water and gases such as methane (甲烷).
So scientists have long believed that deep inside the two planets, the heat and pressure decomposed the methane into hydrogen (氢) and carbon (碳) . Then diamond rain would form, falling toward the center of the planets.
But no one could prove that this would really work—until now. In a study published recently in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists said they were able to create this kind of “diamond rain” in a lab, reported The Guardian.
Scientists used high-powered lasers to create pairs of shock waves through a kind of plastic. The plastic is made from hydrogen and carbon, much like methane. The shock waves created high pressure and heat, like that inside Uranus and Neptune.
“The experimental time is very short,” Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising”.
The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米) wide. Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus. Then they might slowly sink toward the planet's center because of gravity.
12.What factor is needed to form diamonds?
A.Extreme heat and pressure.
B.Hydrogen and carbon.
C.Icy water and gases.
D.High-powered lasers.
13.What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph?
A.Unsuccessful.
B.Small.
C.Real.
D.Natural.
14.How did scientists prove the theory of forming diamonds?
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By doing experiments.
15.What can be inferred from the text?
A.There are many high-powered lasers in Neptune and Uranus.
B.Deep inside Neptune and Uranus could be full of diamonds.
C.The shock waves inside Neptune and Uranus create high pressure and heat.
D.Scientists have long believed that there are diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus.
1.Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty. 16 .
2. 17 . If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染) objects or people that you touch. Throw tissues immediately into a closed bin and clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
3.Keep at least one-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with the disease project (喷射) small drops containing the virus. 18 .
4.Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces, which can be contaminated with the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself.
5.Tell your health care provider if you have, traveled in an area where the epidemic (流行病) has been reported, or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory(呼吸的) symptoms.
6.Practice general hygiene(卫生) measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets. 19 . Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities.
7. 20 . Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.
A.Avoid eating animal products
B.If you are too close to these people, you can breathe in the virus
C.This helps to know if the virus is on your hands
D.Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products
E.This helps to remove the virus if it's on your hands
F.Strictly avoid any contact with animals in the market
G.Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing and sneezing
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tom was a middle-aged businessman whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man, often complaining (抱怨) that others had been playing tricks on him. One day he told his wife he was so 21 with the city that he had to leave.
So his family moved to 22 city. It was in the evening of a weekend when Tom and his wife were busy 23 up their new home and the light suddenly went out. So they had to 24 work. Because Tom had forgotten to bring along candles, he had to wait helplessly in a low mood. Just then he heard slight knocks on his door that sounded clear in the 25 night.
“Who's it?” he wondered, since Tom had no 26 in the new city. And this was the moment, which he especially disliked of being disturbed or troubled. 27 , he went unwillingly to the door and opened it impatiently. At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have 28 ? I'm your neighbour.” “No!” answered Tom in anger and he shut the door 29 . He complained about it to his wife, “As soon as we settled down, the neighbour came to borrow things.” After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the 30 girl outside. But this time she was holding two candles, saying, “My grandma told me the new neighbour downstairs might need candles. She 31 me here to give you these.” Tom was very 32 by what he saw. When he fully understood, he said, “Thank you and your 33 . God bless you!”
At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his 34 in life. It was his coldness and unkindness to other people. The person who had cheated him in life was in reality nobody else but himself, for he had fallen for his heartless 35 .
21.A.inspired B.satisfied
C.disappointed D.confused
22.A.any B.other
C.every D.another
23.A.ending B.looking
C.cleaning D.turning
24.A.quit B.start
C.change D.continue
25.A.strange B.quiet
C.noisy D.crowded
26.A.doctor B.friend
C.stranger D.audience
27.A.So B.Though
C.However D.Moreover
28.A.beer B.rolls
C.plates D.candles
29.A.humbly B.strongly
C.slightly D.entirely
30.A.same B.pretty
C.energetic D.confident
31.A.sent B.forced
C.prohibited D.suggested
32.A.pleased B.sad
C.surprised D.frightened
33.A.brother B.mother
C.father D.grandma
34.A.goal B.failure
C.success D.schedule
35.A.mind B.idea
C.brain D.thought
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each year, some 50 to 100 million animals are used in scientific research around the world. Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and 36 (treat), advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, etc., have resulted from tests 37 (do) on animals.
Animal testing also makes 38 possible for scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine. Drugs may pose significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals first 39 (give) researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed.
However, a significant number of animals 40 (harm) or die as a result of experiments and testing each day. Those who oppose animal testing say such experiments are 41 (stress) and sometimes painful for animals. Opponents also argue that animals are quite different from humans, 42 (make) the results of animal testing unreliable. Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning for raising awareness and demanding an end 43 animal testing.
Animal testing has taught human beings a great deal and saved a large number of 44 (life). It needs to be continued, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. However, new measures should be taken to reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in 45 scientific research is conducted.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华。你在英国学医的朋友Jim想请你介绍中国科学家钟南山。请你根据以下要点给Jim回信。
1.钟南山于1936年出生在广州,毕业于北京医学院,并于1979年出国进修,是中国最著名的科学家和医生之一。
2.2003年他奋战在抗击非典第一线; 2020年初,84岁高龄的他再上新冠肺炎防疫最前线。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:SARS非典;the novel coronavirus新型冠状病毒
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alex was very excited because New Year's Eve was approaching. Suddenly, he saw his grandfather sitting alone, looking very unhappy.
Alex went to him and asked, “Grandpa, why are you sitting alone? Is there anything wrong with you?”
His grandfather replied, “No, I am fine. I just feel like sitting alone.”
“Grandpa, you know New Year is near, so are you preparing for it?” asked Alex excitedly.
“No dear, I am not. With the passage of time, the world has completely changed and I don't see any point in celebrating the world I see today,” answered his grandfather disappointedly.
“I know something is wrong with you and you are not telling me. Please tell me what the problem is,” Alex said.
“I feel I am a stranger in the world I am living in. It is not the same as I have known. Now everyone is busy with their own work. Your father is busy with business, your brother is busy with the computer, your sister is busy studying abroad and your mum is busy with household work. I don't know how to pass my days,” said his grandfather sadly.
“Grandpa, you have me!” said Alex.
His grandfather smiled and said, “Yeah, you are here, but what about others? In our days, we had a fixed time each day when the whole family sat together and talked, shared problems and laughed together.”
That night Alex thought about what his grandfather had said and an idea flashed through his mind. He decided to have a surprise New Year party at home and make everyone get together that day. As New Year's Eve got nearer, Alex got busy preparing for the party. He kept it a secret from his grandfather and asked everyone not to let him know about it in order to surprise him.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A
8.B
9.D
10.C
11.D
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.B
16.E
17.G
18.B
19.F
20.D
21.C
22.D
23.C
24.A
25.B
26.B
27.C
28.D
29.B
30.A
31.A
32.C
33.D
34.B
35.A
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。居里夫人以获得1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖和1911年的诺贝尔化学奖而闻名。除了居里夫人以外,还有一些诺贝尔奖女性得主。本文介绍了其中的四位。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Undset received the Nobel Prize in 1928 for her powerful description of life...the 4-volume Olav Audunssøn 可知,Sigrid Undset因她的书而闻名。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Born in 1906 in Germany, Maria Goeppert-Mayer moved to the US with her husband Joseph Edward Mayer, a chemist, in 1930.和she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with...可知,Maria Goeppert-Mayer于1906年出生于德国,与别人一起获得了1963年的诺贝尔物理学奖。据此可知, Maria Goeppert-Mayer获得诺贝尔物理学奖时是57岁。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章尾句Her work on mapping vitamin B12 earned her the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.可知,她绘制维生素B12图谱的工作为她赢得了1964年的诺贝尔化学奖。据此可知,获得诺贝尔化学奖的是Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin。
【高频词汇】 1.award vt.授予;奖励 n.奖项 2.background n.背景 3.colleague n.同事 4.cure n.疗法 5.nuclear adj.原子核的;原子能的 6.structure n.结构 7.appoint vt.任命
长难句分析
原句 While in the US, Goeppert-Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While in the US是时间状语从句的省略,省略了主语和谓语she was;for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文 在美国期间, Goeppert-Mayer发展了原子核壳模型,并因此与Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen和Eugene Paul Wigner一起获得了1963年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了盲文阅读系统的发明者——出生于法国的Louis Braille的生平和他发明盲文阅读系统的经过。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文中第一段第六句They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them.(这些书是用普通的法语写的,但是字母在书页上凸起,这样学生就能摸出单词的形状并阅读它们。)可知,Louis小时候,盲人用书是书页上有凸起的字母的书,故选C项。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第二、三句This man had invented a system for soldiers to send and receive messages in the dark. Although this idea had not worked very well, Louis became very excited and began experiments with it.(这个人发明了一种让士兵在黑暗中收发消息的系统。尽管这个想法并没有很好地发挥作用,Louis还是变得非常兴奋,开始试验它。)可知,是一种士兵在黑暗中使用的消息系统给了Louis发明盲人阅读系统的灵感,故选D项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句In 1821, when Louis was twelve years old, a soldier came to his school.和第二段倒数第二句By the time he was fifteen, he had invented a system which used only six dots.可知,Louis十五岁时发明了盲文阅读系统,此时是1824年,故选B项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文中最后一段最后一句Thanks to him, blind or weak-sighted people are able to read or write as well as any sighted person.(多亏了他,盲人和弱视的人才能够像视力正常的人一样读书写字。)可知,Louis Braille的阅读系统可以帮助盲人独立学习,故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.be born in出生于 2.altogether adv.总共,一共
3.in the dark在黑暗中;秘密地 4.adapt v.改编;改写 5.thanks to幸亏,由于
长难句分析
原句 They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them.
分析 本句为并列复合句。句中but是并列连词,连接前后两个分句;在后一分句中so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 这些书是用普通的法语写的,但是字母在书页上凸起,这样学生就能摸出单词的形状并阅读它们。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要讲了英国父母和美国父母对培养孩子乐器方面的能力持有不同的观点。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第二段内容Dr. Aaron Reeves from Oxford University found that UK parents do not see musical practice as character building or a useful thing in getting a place in university or getting jobs for their children. Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.(牛津大学的Aaron Reeves博士发现,英国父母并不认为音乐练习可以塑造孩子的性格,也不认为音乐练习对孩子上大学或找工作有帮助。相反,他们通常会鼓励孩子们追随自己的兴趣。)可知,their在这里指的是英国的孩子们的。故选B项。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.(相反,他们通常会鼓励孩子们追随自己的兴趣。)可知,英国父母让孩子们把学习音乐当成是一种兴趣。故选D项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lots of UK parents don't think...” said Dr. Reeves. “I think they are right.”可知,Reeves博士赞同英国家长的观点。故C项正确。
11.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章开篇就点明主题,指出英国父母和美国父母对培养孩子乐器方面的能力持有不同的观点。故D项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.musical instrument n.乐器 2.competitiveness n.竞争力 3.stand out from从……中脱颖而出 4.to some degree在某种程度上 5.it's up to sb.由某人来决定;取决于某人
长难句分析
原句 Researchers think that it may be due to the fact that US parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors.
分析 该句为主从复合句。句中第一个that引导宾语从句,作及物动词think的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句;enabling them to stand out from their competitors为现在分词短语作名词短语skills and abilities的后置定语。
译文 研究人员认为,这可能是由于这一事实——美国父母越来越担心给孩子提供能让他们从竞争对手中脱颖而出的技能和能力。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。我们的太阳系可能比我们想象的更疯狂。科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论。他们认为在天王星和海王星的深处可能充满了钻石。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句On Earth, diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure.可知,钻石在极端高温高压下形成,故选A。
13.B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米)wide. 可知,实验室中制成的钻石极小,只有几纳米宽。由此推知画线词的意思是“极小的”,故选B。
14.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The experimental time is very short,” Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising. ”可知,科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论,故选D。
15.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus.可知,天王星和海王星的深处可能充满了钻石,故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.what's more更重要的是;另外 2.be made up of由……组成 3.be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)
4.signature n.鲜明特色;明显特征 5.tiny adj.极小的;微小的
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎爆发后世界卫生组织向公众提供的针对该病毒的基本保护措施。
16.E 根据上文可知,经常用肥皂和水洗手,如果你的手不是很明显地脏,可以用含酒精的洗手液;E项承接上文,说明这有助于去除病毒,故选E。
17.G 根据下文可知,如果你打喷嚏或咳嗽时用手捂着,你可能会污染你接触的物体或人。据此可知,咳嗽和打喷嚏时应当用纸巾捂住口鼻,故选G。
18.B 根据上文可知,与他人保持至少一米的距离,尤其是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏或者发烧的人,因为感染了这种疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时会喷出含有这种病毒的小液滴。据此可知,如果你离得太近,你会吸入病毒。故选B。
19.F 根据上文可知,到访野生动物市场、水产市场或动物产品市场时,应注意卫生。根据下文可知,避免接触土壤或商店以及市场设施的建筑物上的可能被污染的动物粪便或液体。F项承上启下,说明应当严格避免在市场上接触动物。故选F。
20.D 根据下文可知,小心处理生肉、牛奶或动物器官,避免与未烹煮的食物交叉污染。据此可知,我们应当避免进食生的或未烹煮的动物产品,故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.outbreak n.爆发,突然发动 2.protective adj.防护的,保护的 3.frequently adv.频繁地;经常 4.visibly adv.明显地;易察觉地
长难句分析
原句 Keep at least one-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with the disease project small drops containing the virus.
分析 该句为主从复合句。who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those; because引导原因状语从句,其中who are infected with the disease为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people(句中第二个people)。
译文 与他人保持至少一米的距离,特别是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏或者发烧的人,因为感染这种疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时会喷出含有这种病毒的小液滴。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。汤姆认为自己总是被人捉弄,所以事业总是失败。他和家人搬到了另外一个城市,在一次打扫时灯灭了,一个小女孩给他送了蜡烛,让他有了不同的认识:生活中欺骗他的人实际上是他自己,他的眼睛被他无情的心灵蒙蔽了。从此,汤姆的人生观改变了。
21.C 考查形容词词义辨析。inspired品质优秀的;satisfied满意的;disappointed失望的;confused迷惑的。根据上文中的often complaining(抱怨) that others had been playing tricks on him可知汤姆认为别人总是捉弄他,所以他对这个地方非常失望,想离开。故选C。
22.D 考查限定词词义辨析。any任一,任何的;other另外的,其他的;every每一个,每个的;another不同的,另一个。根据第三段中的since Tom had no 26 in the new city可知汤姆搬到了另一个城市,但是没有特指某个城市。故选D。
23.C 考查动词短语辨析。end up最终成为;look up查阅;clean up打扫;turn up开大,调高。根据下文their new home可知此处表示打扫新家。故选C。
24.A 考查动词词义辨析。quit放弃,停止,离开;start开始;change改变;continue继续。根据上文中的the light suddenly went out可知停电了,所以他们只好停止打扫。故选A。
25.B 考查形容词词义辨析。strange奇怪的;quiet安静的;noisy喧闹的,吵闹的;crowded拥挤的。根据上文Just then he heard slight knocks on his door可知在安静的夜晚,他听见了敲门声,敲门声和安静的夜晚形成对比。故选B。
26.B 考查名词词义辨析。doctor医生;friend朋友;stranger陌生人;audience观众,听众。根据下文in the new city可知此处表示汤姆在这个新城市里没有朋友。故选B。
27.C so因此,所以;though可是,然而(其后不用逗号隔开);however然而(其后用逗号隔开);moreover而且,此外。根据下文he went unwillingly to the door and opened it impatiently可知虽然这个时候他不喜欢被打扰,但是他还是不情愿地开门了,前后文是转折关系,且空后有逗号,故选C。
28.D 考查名词词义辨析。beer啤酒;roll卷轴,小面包条;plate盘子;candle蜡烛。根据下文中的But this time she was holding two candles可知小女孩问的是蜡烛。故选D。
29.B 考查副词词义辨析。humbly低声下气地,谦逊地;strongly强有力地,坚定地;slightly轻微地,稍微;entirely完全地,彻底地。根据上文answered Tom in anger可知他生气了,所以会用力地关门。故选B。
30.A 考查形容词词义辨析。same相同的,同一的;pretty漂亮的;energetic精力充沛的;confident自信的。此处指的是上文的a little girl。故选A。
31.A 考查动词词义辨析。send派遣,安排去;force强迫;prohibit阻止,禁止;suggest建议,暗示。根据下文to give you these可知小女孩的奶奶告诉她新邻居可能没有蜡烛,所以叫她送蜡烛过来。故选A。
32.C 考查形容词词义辨析。pleased高兴的;sad伤心的,难过的;surprised感到惊讶的;frightened害怕的,受惊的。根据上文中的But this time she was holding two candles可知汤姆对于眼前的事情感到很惊讶。故选C。
33.D 考查名词词义辨析。brother兄,弟;mother母亲,妈妈;father父亲,爸爸;grandma奶奶,外婆。根据上文中的My grandma told me the new neighbour downstairs might need candles.可知此处表示汤姆感谢小女孩和她奶奶。故选D。
34.B 考查名词词义辨析。goal目标;failure失败;success成功;schedule工作计划,日程安排。根据第一段中的Tom was...whose repeated failure in his work及空处下文中的It was his coldness and unkindness to other people.可知汤姆意识到是什么导致了他的失败。故选B。
35.A 考查名词词义辨析。mind思想,思维;idea想法,主意,概念;brain头脑,智力;thought主意,想法。根据heartless可知此处表示的是汤姆的思想。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.especially adv.特别;格外 2.disturb vt.打扰;弄乱;打乱 3.unwillingly adv.不愿意地;不情愿地 4.heartless adj.无情的;狠心的
长难句分析
原句 Tom was a middle-aged businessman whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man, often complaining that others had been playing tricks on him.
分析 该句为主从复合句。whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man 为whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词businessman;现在分词短语complaining that others had been playing tricks on him作状语,其中that引导宾语从句。
译文 汤姆是一位中年商人,工作屡次失败使他心烦意乱,经常抱怨别人一直在捉弄他。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。每年都有大约5,000万到1亿只动物被用于科学研究。作者认为,应该采取措施减少实验所用动物的数量,提高实验的科学效率。
36.treatment(s) 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作develop的宾语,需用treat的名词形式。treatment表示“治疗,疗法”时既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。
37.done 考查过去分词。 done on animals是过去分词短语作定语,修饰tests,动词do与其逻辑主语tests之间是被动关系。
38.it 考查代词。 it在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to test the safety of medicine。
39.gives 考查时态和主谓一致。此处在陈述一个事实,应用一般现在时;动名词短语testing them on animals first作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
40.are harmed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据each day和语境可知应用一般现在时;animals和harm之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;主语是复数,故填are harmed。
41.stressful 考查形容词。and连接并列成分,由painful可知此处应用形容词作表语,表示“压力重的”,故填stressful。
42.making 考查现在分词。 making the results of animal testing unreliable是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
43.to 考查介词。 demand an end to sth.是固定搭配,意为“要求停止某事”。
44.lives 考查名词的数。此处说的是许多人的生命,空前有a large number of修饰,故用life的复数形式。
45.which 考查定语从句。 in which scientific research is conducted是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词way。
【高频词汇】 1.advance v.促进,推动 2.improve v.改进,改善
3.determine v.确定;决定 4.unreliable adj.不可靠的 5.take measures采取措施
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I am very glad to introduce Zhong Nanshan to you.
Zhong Nanshan is one of the premier scientists and doctors in China. He was born in Guangzhou in 1936 and graduated from Beijing Medical College. Then, in 1979, he went abroad for further education. This ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 50 years. In 2003 Zhong Nanshan fought in the battle against the SARS epidemic. And at the beginning of the year of 2020, although aged 84, he fought again on the front line against the novel coronavirus which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and treating patients.
Hope you can learn more about Chinese scientists.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Character
Alex, his grandfather, and other familymembers
Place
at home
Time
before New Year's Eve
续表
写作指导
情节
Beginning
新年快要到了。一天,Alex发现他的爷爷一个人坐着,看上去并不开心。
Development
Alex问爷爷怎么回事,爷爷说,他感到很孤独,因为大家每天都很忙,没有人与他交谈。
Climax
Alex思考过爷爷的话后,决定为爷爷办一个惊喜新年派对。新年更近了,他忙着为爷爷准备惊喜新年派对,并告诉其他人不要告诉爷爷这件事。
续写
方向
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work.
①How did his grandfather feel before the party?
②How did his grandfather react when he saw everyone at home?
③How did everyone feel when they saw Grandfather?
④How was the party?
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
①What did they talk about?
②What did Alex say at the party?
③How did Grandfather react to what Alex had done for him?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work. Alex's grandfather was sitting in his room silently, looking very lonely. When the clock struck 8 p.m., everyone gathered in the living room and when Grandfather came out of his room, he was surprised to find everyone there. “Today, we won't go anywhere but enjoy the party for you!” Alex said. The whole family apologized for being busy with their lives. Then they had a wonderful dinner, talking, sharing problems and laughing together.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members. They looked back on the old days and planned for the future. “I hope we won't be separated again. It never changes that home is where all family members are together,” Alex said, looking at his ageing grandfather. Others agreed and appointed several occasions when the whole family would get together regularly. Grandpa was moved to tears, wishing to enjoy life with everyone. Despite the cold outside, the whole family couldn't be warmer.
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Madame Marie Curie is famous for having won two Nobel Prizes—in Physics in 1903 and again in 1911 in Chemistry, but many other women have also been awarded the prize. Here are their stories.
Sigrid Undset
Sigrid Undset is one of the three Norwegian authors (and so far the most recent one) to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Undset received the Nobel Prize in 1928 for her powerful description of life during the Middle Ages in Scandinavia. In her lifetime, she wrote two huge novels set against the background of Norway in the 13th century, the 3-volume Kristin Lavransdatter, and the 4-volume Olav Audunssøn.
Gerty Theresa Cori
Gerty and her husband, Carl Cori, moved to the United States in 1922, where the two medical doctors worked together (against the advice of their colleagues) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute in New York, hoping to find the cure for diabetes(糖尿病). In 1947, Gerty, Carl and the Argentine doctor Bernardo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, making Gerty the first woman to hold the honor.
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Born in 1906 in Germany, Maria Goeppert-Mayer moved to the US with her husband Joseph Edward Mayer, a chemist, in 1930. While in the US, Goeppert-Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner. She was the first woman to receive the award in 60 years.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Dorothy Hodgkin showed a love for science as a child, and at age 18, she began studying chemistry at a women-only Oxford college. She earned her PhD at the University of Cambridge, where she first took an interest in X-ray crystallography and began studying the structure of proteins. In 1934, she moved back to Oxford, where she was appointed the university's first chemistry research fellow. Her work on mapping vitamin B12 earned her the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
1.What is Sigrid Undset well-known for in history?
A.Her discoveries.
B.Her inventions.
C.Her books.
D.Her social work.
2.How old was Goeppert-Mayer when she won the Nobel Prize?
A.30. B.57.
C.60. D.63.
3.Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry according to the passage?
A.Sigrid Undset.
B.Gerty Theresa Cori.
C.Maria Goeppert-Mayer.
D.Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.
B
Louis Braille was born in France in 1809. Sadly when he was a little boy, he had an accident. By the time he was four years old, he was completely blind. However, at the age of ten, Louis was lucky enough to go to one of the first schools for blind children in Paris. At this particular school they had special books. They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them. But there were two problems with this system. First, the letters were huge and difficult to read. Second, the books were very expensive so the school library only had fourteen altogether. Louis, who was very clever and creative, thought of a better way to improve books for blind people to read.
In 1821, when Louis was twelve years old, a soldier came to his school. This man had invented a system for soldiers to send and receive messages in the dark. Although this idea had not worked very well, Louis became very excited and began experiments with it. By the time he was fifteen, he had invented a system which used only six dots. And by 1827 the first book using his system was published.
It still took a long time before people realized what a wonderful invention Braille's system was. In fact, Louis died in 1852 and did not live to see the success of his system, which has been adapted to almost every language in the world. Thanks to him, blind or weak-sighted people are able to read or write as well as any sighted person.
4.What did books for the blind look like when Louis was a boy?
A.No books designed for the blind.
B.Books with raised dots on each page.
C.Books with letters rising up off the page.
D.The same books as those for the able-bodied.
5.What led Louis to invent a reading system for the blind?
A.The letters were huge and difficult to read.
B.Books designed for the blind were too costly.
C.The number of books for the blind was very small.
D.A messaging system for soldiers to use in the dark inspired him.
6.When did Louis invent a reading system for the blind?
A.In 1821. B.In 1824. C.In 1827. D.In 1852.
7.According to the last paragraph, what significance does Louis Braille's reading system have?
A.It helps the blind to learn independently.
B.It makes it easy and convenient for the blind to live.
C.It has been adapted to every language in the world.
D.It contributes to producing more books for the blind.
C
British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition(传统) rather than raising their children's competitiveness as American parents do.
Dr. Aaron Reeves from Oxford University found that UK parents do not see musical practice as character building or a useful thing in getting a place in university or getting jobs for their children. Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.
This is different from what the other researchers found in America. Middle-class parents in the US appear to associate(联系) these cultural practices with other worldly benefits and often center these music activities around the school subjects.
Researchers think that it may be due to the fact that US parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors.
However, for British parents, no such direct connection is made with future education or job advantages. The parents interviewed here did not connect music with usefulness but they just paid attention to the value of music and saw musical practice as a family tradition and, to some degree, as something valuable in its own right.
One Scottish parent said during an interview, “We've got two learning musical instruments. If they think it is fun, we try and encourage them, but we wouldn't force them.” Another housewife said, “My son has just turned five and I want him to play the guitar because his uncle is good at it, but it's up to my son.”
“Lots of UK parents don't think music practice could be very helpful for children's confidence or school success. They say that it takes time and some talent for children to gain a competitive advantage,” said Dr. Reeves. “I think they are right.”
8.What does the underlined word “their” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The US parents'.
B.The UK children's.
C.The UK parents'.
D.The US children's.
9.What do British parents think of music learning?
A.It is useful for their children to get better jobs.
B.It can be helpful to build their children's confidence.
C.It helps their children to succeed in their schoolwork.
D.It would be better for children to take it as a hobby.
10.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Both the US and UK parents are right.
B.The other researchers' findings are misleading.
C.Dr. Reeves agrees with the UK parents.
D.Only the talented children can benefit from music learning.
11.What is the text mainly about?
A.The benefits of extra music learning for children.
B.The American parents' attitude towards music learning.
C.Differences in parenting styles between the British and American.
D.Different attitudes towards music learning in the UK and US.
D
Our solar system might be crazier than we once thought. Scientists say that deep within Uranus(天王星)and Neptune(海王星)it rains diamonds.
On Earth, diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure. The inside of Uranus and Neptune also has high temperatures and pressures. What's more, the blue planets are largely made up of icy water and gases such as methane (甲烷).
So scientists have long believed that deep inside the two planets, the heat and pressure decomposed the methane into hydrogen (氢) and carbon (碳) . Then diamond rain would form, falling toward the center of the planets.
But no one could prove that this would really work—until now. In a study published recently in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists said they were able to create this kind of “diamond rain” in a lab, reported The Guardian.
Scientists used high-powered lasers to create pairs of shock waves through a kind of plastic. The plastic is made from hydrogen and carbon, much like methane. The shock waves created high pressure and heat, like that inside Uranus and Neptune.
“The experimental time is very short,” Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising”.
The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米) wide. Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus. Then they might slowly sink toward the planet's center because of gravity.
12.What factor is needed to form diamonds?
A.Extreme heat and pressure.
B.Hydrogen and carbon.
C.Icy water and gases.
D.High-powered lasers.
13.What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph?
A.Unsuccessful.
B.Small.
C.Real.
D.Natural.
14.How did scientists prove the theory of forming diamonds?
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By doing experiments.
15.What can be inferred from the text?
A.There are many high-powered lasers in Neptune and Uranus.
B.Deep inside Neptune and Uranus could be full of diamonds.
C.The shock waves inside Neptune and Uranus create high pressure and heat.
D.Scientists have long believed that there are diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus.
1.Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty. 16 .
2. 17 . If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染) objects or people that you touch. Throw tissues immediately into a closed bin and clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
3.Keep at least one-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with the disease project (喷射) small drops containing the virus. 18 .
4.Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces, which can be contaminated with the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself.
5.Tell your health care provider if you have, traveled in an area where the epidemic (流行病) has been reported, or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory(呼吸的) symptoms.
6.Practice general hygiene(卫生) measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets. 19 . Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities.
7. 20 . Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.
A.Avoid eating animal products
B.If you are too close to these people, you can breathe in the virus
C.This helps to know if the virus is on your hands
D.Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products
E.This helps to remove the virus if it's on your hands
F.Strictly avoid any contact with animals in the market
G.Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when coughing and sneezing
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tom was a middle-aged businessman whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man, often complaining (抱怨) that others had been playing tricks on him. One day he told his wife he was so 21 with the city that he had to leave.
So his family moved to 22 city. It was in the evening of a weekend when Tom and his wife were busy 23 up their new home and the light suddenly went out. So they had to 24 work. Because Tom had forgotten to bring along candles, he had to wait helplessly in a low mood. Just then he heard slight knocks on his door that sounded clear in the 25 night.
“Who's it?” he wondered, since Tom had no 26 in the new city. And this was the moment, which he especially disliked of being disturbed or troubled. 27 , he went unwillingly to the door and opened it impatiently. At the door was a little girl, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have 28 ? I'm your neighbour.” “No!” answered Tom in anger and he shut the door 29 . He complained about it to his wife, “As soon as we settled down, the neighbour came to borrow things.” After a while, the door was knocked again. He opened it and found the 30 girl outside. But this time she was holding two candles, saying, “My grandma told me the new neighbour downstairs might need candles. She 31 me here to give you these.” Tom was very 32 by what he saw. When he fully understood, he said, “Thank you and your 33 . God bless you!”
At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his 34 in life. It was his coldness and unkindness to other people. The person who had cheated him in life was in reality nobody else but himself, for he had fallen for his heartless 35 .
21.A.inspired B.satisfied
C.disappointed D.confused
22.A.any B.other
C.every D.another
23.A.ending B.looking
C.cleaning D.turning
24.A.quit B.start
C.change D.continue
25.A.strange B.quiet
C.noisy D.crowded
26.A.doctor B.friend
C.stranger D.audience
27.A.So B.Though
C.However D.Moreover
28.A.beer B.rolls
C.plates D.candles
29.A.humbly B.strongly
C.slightly D.entirely
30.A.same B.pretty
C.energetic D.confident
31.A.sent B.forced
C.prohibited D.suggested
32.A.pleased B.sad
C.surprised D.frightened
33.A.brother B.mother
C.father D.grandma
34.A.goal B.failure
C.success D.schedule
35.A.mind B.idea
C.brain D.thought
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each year, some 50 to 100 million animals are used in scientific research around the world. Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and 36 (treat), advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, etc., have resulted from tests 37 (do) on animals.
Animal testing also makes 38 possible for scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine. Drugs may pose significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals first 39 (give) researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed.
However, a significant number of animals 40 (harm) or die as a result of experiments and testing each day. Those who oppose animal testing say such experiments are 41 (stress) and sometimes painful for animals. Opponents also argue that animals are quite different from humans, 42 (make) the results of animal testing unreliable. Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning for raising awareness and demanding an end 43 animal testing.
Animal testing has taught human beings a great deal and saved a large number of 44 (life). It needs to be continued, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. However, new measures should be taken to reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in 45 scientific research is conducted.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华。你在英国学医的朋友Jim想请你介绍中国科学家钟南山。请你根据以下要点给Jim回信。
1.钟南山于1936年出生在广州,毕业于北京医学院,并于1979年出国进修,是中国最著名的科学家和医生之一。
2.2003年他奋战在抗击非典第一线; 2020年初,84岁高龄的他再上新冠肺炎防疫最前线。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:SARS非典;the novel coronavirus新型冠状病毒
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alex was very excited because New Year's Eve was approaching. Suddenly, he saw his grandfather sitting alone, looking very unhappy.
Alex went to him and asked, “Grandpa, why are you sitting alone? Is there anything wrong with you?”
His grandfather replied, “No, I am fine. I just feel like sitting alone.”
“Grandpa, you know New Year is near, so are you preparing for it?” asked Alex excitedly.
“No dear, I am not. With the passage of time, the world has completely changed and I don't see any point in celebrating the world I see today,” answered his grandfather disappointedly.
“I know something is wrong with you and you are not telling me. Please tell me what the problem is,” Alex said.
“I feel I am a stranger in the world I am living in. It is not the same as I have known. Now everyone is busy with their own work. Your father is busy with business, your brother is busy with the computer, your sister is busy studying abroad and your mum is busy with household work. I don't know how to pass my days,” said his grandfather sadly.
“Grandpa, you have me!” said Alex.
His grandfather smiled and said, “Yeah, you are here, but what about others? In our days, we had a fixed time each day when the whole family sat together and talked, shared problems and laughed together.”
That night Alex thought about what his grandfather had said and an idea flashed through his mind. He decided to have a surprise New Year party at home and make everyone get together that day. As New Year's Eve got nearer, Alex got busy preparing for the party. He kept it a secret from his grandfather and asked everyone not to let him know about it in order to surprise him.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A
8.B
9.D
10.C
11.D
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.B
16.E
17.G
18.B
19.F
20.D
21.C
22.D
23.C
24.A
25.B
26.B
27.C
28.D
29.B
30.A
31.A
32.C
33.D
34.B
35.A
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。居里夫人以获得1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖和1911年的诺贝尔化学奖而闻名。除了居里夫人以外,还有一些诺贝尔奖女性得主。本文介绍了其中的四位。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Undset received the Nobel Prize in 1928 for her powerful description of life...the 4-volume Olav Audunssøn 可知,Sigrid Undset因她的书而闻名。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Born in 1906 in Germany, Maria Goeppert-Mayer moved to the US with her husband Joseph Edward Mayer, a chemist, in 1930.和she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with...可知,Maria Goeppert-Mayer于1906年出生于德国,与别人一起获得了1963年的诺贝尔物理学奖。据此可知, Maria Goeppert-Mayer获得诺贝尔物理学奖时是57岁。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章尾句Her work on mapping vitamin B12 earned her the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.可知,她绘制维生素B12图谱的工作为她赢得了1964年的诺贝尔化学奖。据此可知,获得诺贝尔化学奖的是Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin。
【高频词汇】 1.award vt.授予;奖励 n.奖项 2.background n.背景 3.colleague n.同事 4.cure n.疗法 5.nuclear adj.原子核的;原子能的 6.structure n.结构 7.appoint vt.任命
长难句分析
原句 While in the US, Goeppert-Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While in the US是时间状语从句的省略,省略了主语和谓语she was;for which she shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen and Eugene Paul Wigner是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文 在美国期间, Goeppert-Mayer发展了原子核壳模型,并因此与Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen和Eugene Paul Wigner一起获得了1963年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了盲文阅读系统的发明者——出生于法国的Louis Braille的生平和他发明盲文阅读系统的经过。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文中第一段第六句They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them.(这些书是用普通的法语写的,但是字母在书页上凸起,这样学生就能摸出单词的形状并阅读它们。)可知,Louis小时候,盲人用书是书页上有凸起的字母的书,故选C项。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第二、三句This man had invented a system for soldiers to send and receive messages in the dark. Although this idea had not worked very well, Louis became very excited and began experiments with it.(这个人发明了一种让士兵在黑暗中收发消息的系统。尽管这个想法并没有很好地发挥作用,Louis还是变得非常兴奋,开始试验它。)可知,是一种士兵在黑暗中使用的消息系统给了Louis发明盲人阅读系统的灵感,故选D项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句In 1821, when Louis was twelve years old, a soldier came to his school.和第二段倒数第二句By the time he was fifteen, he had invented a system which used only six dots.可知,Louis十五岁时发明了盲文阅读系统,此时是1824年,故选B项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文中最后一段最后一句Thanks to him, blind or weak-sighted people are able to read or write as well as any sighted person.(多亏了他,盲人和弱视的人才能够像视力正常的人一样读书写字。)可知,Louis Braille的阅读系统可以帮助盲人独立学习,故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.be born in出生于 2.altogether adv.总共,一共
3.in the dark在黑暗中;秘密地 4.adapt v.改编;改写 5.thanks to幸亏,由于
长难句分析
原句 They were written in ordinary French but the letters rose up off the page, so that the students could feel the shape of the words and read them.
分析 本句为并列复合句。句中but是并列连词,连接前后两个分句;在后一分句中so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 这些书是用普通的法语写的,但是字母在书页上凸起,这样学生就能摸出单词的形状并阅读它们。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要讲了英国父母和美国父母对培养孩子乐器方面的能力持有不同的观点。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第二段内容Dr. Aaron Reeves from Oxford University found that UK parents do not see musical practice as character building or a useful thing in getting a place in university or getting jobs for their children. Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.(牛津大学的Aaron Reeves博士发现,英国父母并不认为音乐练习可以塑造孩子的性格,也不认为音乐练习对孩子上大学或找工作有帮助。相反,他们通常会鼓励孩子们追随自己的兴趣。)可知,their在这里指的是英国的孩子们的。故选B项。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Instead, they usually encourage their children to follow their interests.(相反,他们通常会鼓励孩子们追随自己的兴趣。)可知,英国父母让孩子们把学习音乐当成是一种兴趣。故选D项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lots of UK parents don't think...” said Dr. Reeves. “I think they are right.”可知,Reeves博士赞同英国家长的观点。故C项正确。
11.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章开篇就点明主题,指出英国父母和美国父母对培养孩子乐器方面的能力持有不同的观点。故D项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.musical instrument n.乐器 2.competitiveness n.竞争力 3.stand out from从……中脱颖而出 4.to some degree在某种程度上 5.it's up to sb.由某人来决定;取决于某人
长难句分析
原句 Researchers think that it may be due to the fact that US parents have become increasingly worried about providing their children with skills and abilities enabling them to stand out from their competitors.
分析 该句为主从复合句。句中第一个that引导宾语从句,作及物动词think的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句;enabling them to stand out from their competitors为现在分词短语作名词短语skills and abilities的后置定语。
译文 研究人员认为,这可能是由于这一事实——美国父母越来越担心给孩子提供能让他们从竞争对手中脱颖而出的技能和能力。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。我们的太阳系可能比我们想象的更疯狂。科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论。他们认为在天王星和海王星的深处可能充满了钻石。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句On Earth, diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure.可知,钻石在极端高温高压下形成,故选A。
13.B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米)wide. 可知,实验室中制成的钻石极小,只有几纳米宽。由此推知画线词的意思是“极小的”,故选B。
14.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The experimental time is very short,” Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising. ”可知,科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论,故选D。
15.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus.可知,天王星和海王星的深处可能充满了钻石,故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.what's more更重要的是;另外 2.be made up of由……组成 3.be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)
4.signature n.鲜明特色;明显特征 5.tiny adj.极小的;微小的
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎爆发后世界卫生组织向公众提供的针对该病毒的基本保护措施。
16.E 根据上文可知,经常用肥皂和水洗手,如果你的手不是很明显地脏,可以用含酒精的洗手液;E项承接上文,说明这有助于去除病毒,故选E。
17.G 根据下文可知,如果你打喷嚏或咳嗽时用手捂着,你可能会污染你接触的物体或人。据此可知,咳嗽和打喷嚏时应当用纸巾捂住口鼻,故选G。
18.B 根据上文可知,与他人保持至少一米的距离,尤其是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏或者发烧的人,因为感染了这种疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时会喷出含有这种病毒的小液滴。据此可知,如果你离得太近,你会吸入病毒。故选B。
19.F 根据上文可知,到访野生动物市场、水产市场或动物产品市场时,应注意卫生。根据下文可知,避免接触土壤或商店以及市场设施的建筑物上的可能被污染的动物粪便或液体。F项承上启下,说明应当严格避免在市场上接触动物。故选F。
20.D 根据下文可知,小心处理生肉、牛奶或动物器官,避免与未烹煮的食物交叉污染。据此可知,我们应当避免进食生的或未烹煮的动物产品,故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.outbreak n.爆发,突然发动 2.protective adj.防护的,保护的 3.frequently adv.频繁地;经常 4.visibly adv.明显地;易察觉地
长难句分析
原句 Keep at least one-meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with the disease project small drops containing the virus.
分析 该句为主从复合句。who are coughing, sneezing or having a fever为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those; because引导原因状语从句,其中who are infected with the disease为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people(句中第二个people)。
译文 与他人保持至少一米的距离,特别是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏或者发烧的人,因为感染这种疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时会喷出含有这种病毒的小液滴。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。汤姆认为自己总是被人捉弄,所以事业总是失败。他和家人搬到了另外一个城市,在一次打扫时灯灭了,一个小女孩给他送了蜡烛,让他有了不同的认识:生活中欺骗他的人实际上是他自己,他的眼睛被他无情的心灵蒙蔽了。从此,汤姆的人生观改变了。
21.C 考查形容词词义辨析。inspired品质优秀的;satisfied满意的;disappointed失望的;confused迷惑的。根据上文中的often complaining(抱怨) that others had been playing tricks on him可知汤姆认为别人总是捉弄他,所以他对这个地方非常失望,想离开。故选C。
22.D 考查限定词词义辨析。any任一,任何的;other另外的,其他的;every每一个,每个的;another不同的,另一个。根据第三段中的since Tom had no 26 in the new city可知汤姆搬到了另一个城市,但是没有特指某个城市。故选D。
23.C 考查动词短语辨析。end up最终成为;look up查阅;clean up打扫;turn up开大,调高。根据下文their new home可知此处表示打扫新家。故选C。
24.A 考查动词词义辨析。quit放弃,停止,离开;start开始;change改变;continue继续。根据上文中的the light suddenly went out可知停电了,所以他们只好停止打扫。故选A。
25.B 考查形容词词义辨析。strange奇怪的;quiet安静的;noisy喧闹的,吵闹的;crowded拥挤的。根据上文Just then he heard slight knocks on his door可知在安静的夜晚,他听见了敲门声,敲门声和安静的夜晚形成对比。故选B。
26.B 考查名词词义辨析。doctor医生;friend朋友;stranger陌生人;audience观众,听众。根据下文in the new city可知此处表示汤姆在这个新城市里没有朋友。故选B。
27.C so因此,所以;though可是,然而(其后不用逗号隔开);however然而(其后用逗号隔开);moreover而且,此外。根据下文he went unwillingly to the door and opened it impatiently可知虽然这个时候他不喜欢被打扰,但是他还是不情愿地开门了,前后文是转折关系,且空后有逗号,故选C。
28.D 考查名词词义辨析。beer啤酒;roll卷轴,小面包条;plate盘子;candle蜡烛。根据下文中的But this time she was holding two candles可知小女孩问的是蜡烛。故选D。
29.B 考查副词词义辨析。humbly低声下气地,谦逊地;strongly强有力地,坚定地;slightly轻微地,稍微;entirely完全地,彻底地。根据上文answered Tom in anger可知他生气了,所以会用力地关门。故选B。
30.A 考查形容词词义辨析。same相同的,同一的;pretty漂亮的;energetic精力充沛的;confident自信的。此处指的是上文的a little girl。故选A。
31.A 考查动词词义辨析。send派遣,安排去;force强迫;prohibit阻止,禁止;suggest建议,暗示。根据下文to give you these可知小女孩的奶奶告诉她新邻居可能没有蜡烛,所以叫她送蜡烛过来。故选A。
32.C 考查形容词词义辨析。pleased高兴的;sad伤心的,难过的;surprised感到惊讶的;frightened害怕的,受惊的。根据上文中的But this time she was holding two candles可知汤姆对于眼前的事情感到很惊讶。故选C。
33.D 考查名词词义辨析。brother兄,弟;mother母亲,妈妈;father父亲,爸爸;grandma奶奶,外婆。根据上文中的My grandma told me the new neighbour downstairs might need candles.可知此处表示汤姆感谢小女孩和她奶奶。故选D。
34.B 考查名词词义辨析。goal目标;failure失败;success成功;schedule工作计划,日程安排。根据第一段中的Tom was...whose repeated failure in his work及空处下文中的It was his coldness and unkindness to other people.可知汤姆意识到是什么导致了他的失败。故选B。
35.A 考查名词词义辨析。mind思想,思维;idea想法,主意,概念;brain头脑,智力;thought主意,想法。根据heartless可知此处表示的是汤姆的思想。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.especially adv.特别;格外 2.disturb vt.打扰;弄乱;打乱 3.unwillingly adv.不愿意地;不情愿地 4.heartless adj.无情的;狠心的
长难句分析
原句 Tom was a middle-aged businessman whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man, often complaining that others had been playing tricks on him.
分析 该句为主从复合句。whose repeated failure in his work made him an upset man 为whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词businessman;现在分词短语complaining that others had been playing tricks on him作状语,其中that引导宾语从句。
译文 汤姆是一位中年商人,工作屡次失败使他心烦意乱,经常抱怨别人一直在捉弄他。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。每年都有大约5,000万到1亿只动物被用于科学研究。作者认为,应该采取措施减少实验所用动物的数量,提高实验的科学效率。
36.treatment(s) 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作develop的宾语,需用treat的名词形式。treatment表示“治疗,疗法”时既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。
37.done 考查过去分词。 done on animals是过去分词短语作定语,修饰tests,动词do与其逻辑主语tests之间是被动关系。
38.it 考查代词。 it在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to test the safety of medicine。
39.gives 考查时态和主谓一致。此处在陈述一个事实,应用一般现在时;动名词短语testing them on animals first作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
40.are harmed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据each day和语境可知应用一般现在时;animals和harm之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;主语是复数,故填are harmed。
41.stressful 考查形容词。and连接并列成分,由painful可知此处应用形容词作表语,表示“压力重的”,故填stressful。
42.making 考查现在分词。 making the results of animal testing unreliable是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
43.to 考查介词。 demand an end to sth.是固定搭配,意为“要求停止某事”。
44.lives 考查名词的数。此处说的是许多人的生命,空前有a large number of修饰,故用life的复数形式。
45.which 考查定语从句。 in which scientific research is conducted是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词way。
【高频词汇】 1.advance v.促进,推动 2.improve v.改进,改善
3.determine v.确定;决定 4.unreliable adj.不可靠的 5.take measures采取措施
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I am very glad to introduce Zhong Nanshan to you.
Zhong Nanshan is one of the premier scientists and doctors in China. He was born in Guangzhou in 1936 and graduated from Beijing Medical College. Then, in 1979, he went abroad for further education. This ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 50 years. In 2003 Zhong Nanshan fought in the battle against the SARS epidemic. And at the beginning of the year of 2020, although aged 84, he fought again on the front line against the novel coronavirus which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and treating patients.
Hope you can learn more about Chinese scientists.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Character
Alex, his grandfather, and other familymembers
Place
at home
Time
before New Year's Eve
续表
写作指导
情节
Beginning
新年快要到了。一天,Alex发现他的爷爷一个人坐着,看上去并不开心。
Development
Alex问爷爷怎么回事,爷爷说,他感到很孤独,因为大家每天都很忙,没有人与他交谈。
Climax
Alex思考过爷爷的话后,决定为爷爷办一个惊喜新年派对。新年更近了,他忙着为爷爷准备惊喜新年派对,并告诉其他人不要告诉爷爷这件事。
续写
方向
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work.
①How did his grandfather feel before the party?
②How did his grandfather react when he saw everyone at home?
③How did everyone feel when they saw Grandfather?
④How was the party?
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
①What did they talk about?
②What did Alex say at the party?
③How did Grandfather react to what Alex had done for him?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31st and everyone was busy with their own work. Alex's grandfather was sitting in his room silently, looking very lonely. When the clock struck 8 p.m., everyone gathered in the living room and when Grandfather came out of his room, he was surprised to find everyone there. “Today, we won't go anywhere but enjoy the party for you!” Alex said. The whole family apologized for being busy with their lives. Then they had a wonderful dinner, talking, sharing problems and laughing together.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members. They looked back on the old days and planned for the future. “I hope we won't be separated again. It never changes that home is where all family members are together,” Alex said, looking at his ageing grandfather. Others agreed and appointed several occasions when the whole family would get together regularly. Grandpa was moved to tears, wishing to enjoy life with everyone. Despite the cold outside, the whole family couldn't be warmer.
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