Unit 1　Nature in the balance Part 4-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Part 4　Writing

说明文写作

写作题目

请以“Marine plastic pollution(海洋塑料污染)”为题写一篇作文。内容包括:

1.海洋塑料污染的原因;

2.海洋塑料污染的后果;

3.你的建议。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Marine plastic pollution

思路点拨

遣词造句

Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空

1.million n. 　　 

2. 　　　n.种;物种 

3. 　　　　　　由于,因为 

答案　1.一百万;许多,大量　2.species　3.due to

Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用

1.完成句子

(1)几十年前,塑料进入了人们的日常生活,给人们带来了很多方便。

Decades of years ago, plastic 　　　　　　people's daily life and brought a lot of 　　　. 

(2)人们在日常生活中过度使用塑料,留下了大量垃圾。

People overuse plastic in their daily life, 　　　large amounts of waste. 

(3)由于缺乏严格的垃圾收集系统,塑料垃圾流入河流和海洋,造成了污染。

　　　 　　　lack of strict waste-collecting systems, plastic waste enters rivers and oceans, 　　　　　　. 

(4)据报道,海洋塑料每年造成数百万动物死亡。

Marine plastic 　　　　　　　　　　　　millions of animals every year. 

(5)据估计,700种物种已经受到影响。

700 species 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　affected. 

(6)我们是时候采取一些措施来处理这个问题了。

 　　　　　　we 　　　　　　　　　to deal with the problem. 

(7)应该用替代材料来代替塑料。

Alternative materials should 　　　　　　　　　　　　plastic. 

(8)找到对我们自己和我们的后代有利的解决办法是人类的责任。

 　　　　　　solutions that are good for us and our future generations is mankind's responsibility. 

答案　(1)came to;convenience　(2)leaving

(3)Due to;causing pollution　(4)is reported to kill　(5)are estimated to have been　(6)It's time;took some measures　(7)take the place of　(8)To find

2.句式升级

(9)用it作形式主语改写句(4)

(10)用it作形式主语改写句(5)

 (11)用it作形式主语改写句(8)

答案　(9)It is reported that marine plastic kills millions of animals every year.

(10)It is estimated that 700 species have been affected.

(11)It is mankind's responsibility to find solutions that are good for us and our future generations.

连句成篇

参考范文

Marine plastic pollution

Decades of years ago, plastic came to people's daily life and brought a lot of convenience. However, people overuse plastic in their daily life, leaving large amounts of waste. Due to lack of strict waste-collecting systems, plastic waste enters rivers and oceans, causing pollution.

It is reported that marine plastic kills millions of animals every year. And it is estimated that 700 species have been affected.

It's time we took some measures to deal with the problem. First, we must limit the use of plastic products in our daily life. Second, alternative materials should take the place of plastic. Third, plastic waste should be managed effectively. It's mankind's responsibility to find solutions that are good for us and our future generations.

写作积累

1.Due to lack of strict waste-collecting systems, plastic waste enters rivers and oceans, causing pollution.(现在分词短语作结果状语)

2.It is reported that marine plastic kills millions of animals every year.(it is reported that...据报道……)

3.And it is estimated that 700 species have been affected.(it is estimated that...据估计……)

4.It's time we took some measures to deal with the problem.(It's time sb. did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。)

5.It's mankind's responsibility to find solutions that are good for us and our future generations.(It's sb.'s responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。)

实战演练()

请以“Soil pollution”为题写一篇英文短文。内容包括:

1.分析土壤污染的成因;

2.如何减少和预防土壤污染。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:pesticide杀虫剂;chemical fertilizer化肥;residue残留物;substance物质

Soil pollution

读后续写

写作题目

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Mike was an 11-year-old boy. He was the only son of his parents. His father was a carpenter and his mother was a housewife. Although they weren't rich, they led a happy life.

Mike's school was located a mile away from his home. Mike's birthday was coming in a week. He requested his father to buy him a bicycle so that he could go to school by bicycle. His father also promised to buy one for him so that he needn't walk to school anymore. Mike felt so happy.

The birthday boy woke up happily with his parents wishing him with all smiles. He was glad and expected that his father would gift him a bicycle. His father gave him a nicely-wrapped gift. Mike opened it and saw a set of books. Although he was a little unhappy as he did not receive a bicycle, he thanked his father. Mike's father was depressed as he did not have enough money to buy Mike a bicycle. He promised his son that he would buy him a bicycle soon.

After a week, when Mike was walking back home from school, he saw a boy riding a bicycle. Mike felt that the bicycle was too small for the big boy. Suddenly, the boy crashed into a post around the corner and skidded (滑行) in the street. Mike rushed up to him and recognized that the boy was his schoolmate, Sam.

注意:续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1:

Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 

Paragraph 2:

Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 

文本分析

1.故事要素

(1)Who?—Mike and his parents, Sam and his parents

(2)When?—a week after Mike's birthday

(3)Where?—on Mike's way back home from school

(4)What?—Mike wanted a bike as his 11th birthday present from his parents so that he could go to school by bicycle. But his father gave him a set of books instead of a bike as he had promised because he could not afford a bike then. After a week, Mike's schoolmate, Sam, crashed into a post around the corner and skidded in the street.

2.故事情节

Mike家庭并不富有,但过着幸福的生活。Mike的生日要到了,他希望父亲给他买一辆自行车,父亲也答应给他买。生日当天,Mike收到包装精美的礼物,但不是自行车,而是一套书,因为父亲没有足够的钱买自行车。一个星期后,Mike放学回家,看到一个男孩骑着自行车撞到一根柱子上。Mike冲过去,发现是自己的同学Sam。

写作思路

Beginning:Mike hoped to receive a bike as a birthday gift from his father. →But his father didn't save enough money to buy a bike. Instead, he bought a set of books for Mike.→After a week, on Mike's way back home from school, he saw a boy crash into a post around the corner and skid in the street. Mike went over and found he was his schoolmate, Sam.

Paragraph 1:Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike.(第一段开头语)Climax:?

Paragraph 2:Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help.(第二段开头语)Ending:?

续写方向

细读两段续写的开头语,理顺续写段落的逻辑关系:

Paragraph 1:Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike.

①What did Mike do first?

②How did Mike help Sam?

③What did Mike do next?

Paragraph 2:Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help.

①What caused the accident in Mike's opinion?

②What did Mike do while Sam was in hospital?

③What was the ending?

预测情节发展

根据已知的情节“Suddenly, the boy crashed into a post around the corner and skidded in the street. Mike rushed up to him and recognized that the boy was his schoolmate, Sam.”预测故事发展。Mike看到自己的同学受伤,不可能袖手旁观。

Paragraph 1:根据此段的开头句可知,Mike一定会帮助受伤严重的Sam, 此段应该写Mike如何帮助Sam并把他送到医院救治。可以根据自己的经验或间接经验展开合理想象,先做什么,后做什么,最终把Sam送进医院。

Paragraph 2:根据此段第一句提示可以推测Mike把Sam送去就医后,及时将此事告知Sam的父母。根据已知信息“Mike felt that the bicycle was too small for the big boy.”可知此时应围绕自行车展开想象:Mike看望住院的Sam→Sam的父母表示感谢→Sam赠送对于自己来说太小的自行车。

遣词造句

1.动词短语表达

(1)扶他站起来 help him 　　　　　 

(2)检查他的身体 　　　his body 

(3)扶起他的自行车 　　　　　　his bicycle 

(4)带他去医院 　　　him 　　　　　　　　　 

(5)匆忙赶去他家 　　　　　　his home 

(6)得到某人的许可with sb's 　　 

(7)从某人那里接受礼物 　　　the gift 　　　sb. 

答案　(1)stand up　(2)examine　(3)pick up

(4)take;to the hospital　(5)rush to

(6)permission　(7)accept;from

2.完成句子

(1)Mike扶他站起来,检查了他的身体,扶起他的自行车。

Mike 　　　him stand up, 　　　his body and 　　　　　　his bicycle. 

(2)Mike每天都去医院探望Sam,直到Sam出院。

Mike 　　　Sam every day in the hospital 　　　Sam left there. 

(3)他渐渐了解到Mike没有自己的自行车。

He 　　　　　　　　　that Mike didn't have his 　　　bicycle.  

(4)经过Mike父母的同意,Mike从Sam那里接受了礼物。

 　　　　　　　　　　　　, Mike 　　　the gift from Sam. 

答案　(1)helped;examined;picked up

(2)visited;until　(3)came to know;own

(4)With Mike's parents' permission;accepted

3.句式升级

Mike told Sam's parents, “The bicycle was small and Sam was big. That was the reason for his being injured.”

答案　Mike told Sam's parents that the bicycle was too small for Sam to ride and that that was why he was injured.

连句成篇

参考范文

One possible version:

Paragraph 1:

Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike. Mike helped him stand up, examined his body and picked up his bicycle. Sam's left leg and hands were severely injured. Mike asked Sam to sit in a corner and then he took the bicycle to get help. Ten minutes later, an ambulance came and took Sam to the hospital. Mike rushed to Sam's home and told his parents about the accident.

Paragraph 2:

Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help. Mike told Sam's parents that the bicycle was too small for Sam to ride and that that was why he was injured. Sam and Mike became close friends soon. Mike visited Sam every day in the hospital until Sam left there. Sam got a new bicycle and he came to know that Mike didn't have his own bicycle. He gave his old bicycle to Mike and with Mike's parents' permission, Mike accepted the gift from Sam.

写作积累

外貌描写常用表达:

一、词汇

1.oriental东方人的

2.overweight超重的

3.chubby 胖乎乎的

4.short矮的

5.straight平直的

6.curly(头发)卷的

二、语块

1.脸:round face圆脸;oval face鹅蛋脸;square face方脸;baby-faced娃娃脸的;thin/lean face瘦削的脸;haggard face憔悴的面容;wrinkled/lined face布满皱纹的脸;freckled face长满雀斑的脸;tear-stained face布满泪痕的脸;pink cheeks粉红的双颊;rosy cheeks红润的双颊;ruddy cheeks红光满面的双颊;pale cheeks苍白的双颊;high cheekbones高颧骨;pointed chin尖尖的下巴;double chin双下巴

2.皮肤:fair-skinned白皮肤的;dark skin皮肤黝黑;pale complexion 肤色苍白

3.身材:buff/muscular figure肌肉发达的身材;strapping figure魁梧的身材;plump figure丰满的身材;full figure丰满的身材;stocky figure矮壮的身材;neat figure匀称的身材;medium height中等身材;lean figure 瘦削的身材;slim figure苗条的身材;slender figure苗条的身材;slight figure瘦小的身材

4.发型:wavy hair卷发;parted hair 分头;crew cut平头

答案全解全析

Part 4　Writing

实战演练

One possible version:

Soil pollution

Soil pollution is mainly caused by two reasons. First, the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in farming causes harmful chemical residues to be left in the soil. Second, waste water, gases and solids in industry are illegally poured into or piled on the soil without being scientifically treated. Both are causing more and more serious pollution and damage to the soil.

To prevent the soil pollution from becoming more serious, we must take a lot of measures. First, we should ask people to pay attention to it and change their bad habits. Second, our government is supposed to make stricter laws to punish those businesses which illegally discharge waste water or gases. Last, scientists should try to develop harmless pesticides and chemical fertilizers to reduce soil pollution.