Unit 1　Nature in the balance 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

这是一份Unit 1　Nature in the balance 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共22页。
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1.TrueCar.com
Top dealers compete for your business by offering lower prices. TrueCar spends a lot of money and resources making sure the entire car renting experience is simple and straightforward. If you're in the market for a new car, give this site a try first.
TrueCar's network checks many of the prices in your area and gets you the best price for the car you're looking for.
2.Carvoy.com
It offers more control by allowing you to “build your car” and select your rental plan. The “build your car” option is one of the better options for those looking to add features on to their car. If you're looking for cars with options like a sunroof or a navigation (导航) system, it's Carvoy that makes it very easy to get started with the process.
3.CarsDirect.com
It has a large collection of new and used cars, and also provides resources for car comparisons. In the business, it is one of the first online car outlets. It has staff members that can usually help you if you give them a call. Its phone support is very good.
4.CarRent.com
It delivers your rental car to the door, which is actually a huge selling point. Many people don't like to go to a dealership or even drive somewhere to pick up a car. Imagine renting a car and having it delivered right to your doorstep, no driving necessary!
5.CostcoAuto.com
It offers member-only savings, many car selections and an easy sign-up process. The deals through Costco are great and unique. Many times it has deals with General Motors like Chevrolet. There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate for the price.
1.What's the selling point of TrueCar.com?
A.Its most reasonable prices for cars.
B.The diversity of its used cars.
C.Its delivery service to your door.
D.The special services offered to its members.
2.What is the special service that Carvoy.com provides?
A.You can have other functions added to your car.
B.You can rent a car more easily than elsewhere.
C.You can design the whole car by yourself.
D.You can better operate your car.
3.If you are a good bargainer, it's wise to avoid dealing with 　　　. 
A.CarsDirect.com
B.Carvoy.com
C.CarRent.com
D.CostcoAuto.com
B
Humankind has tried to improve the standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need not only for some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources and requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution when consumed, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it is calculated in terms of real gross domestic product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation (通货膨胀)is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long-term health effects for nearby populations of animals or people. They also lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacture leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional energy sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow's natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
4.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Pollution caused by plant construction.
B.Effects of windmills on the environment.
C.Economic growth and human civilization.
D.Economic growth and environmental damage.
5.What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?
A.Goods and products.
B.The industrial plants.
C.Water and the atmosphere.
D.Negative health effects.
6.According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that 　　　. 
A.economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP
B.the use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment
C.industrial manufacture may cause damage to the environment
D.a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy
7.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP:Central Point　P:Point　Sp:Sub-point
C:Conclusion

C
Nations in the UN have agreed that the world needs to completely stop plastic waste from entering the oceans. The UN resolution(决议) has no timetable. But ministers at an environment summit believe it will set the course for much tougher policies and send a clear signal to business.
Under the resolution, governments would establish an international task force(特别工作组) to advise on fighting what the UN's oceans chief has described as a world crisis. One controversial issue is the wish to include business on the global task force. Ministers say the problem will not be solved without business, but green groups point out that some firms in the plastics industry have been against restrictions for decades. Vidar Helgesen, a leading voice in the talks, told BBC News, “Business is listening to markets and seeing how marine litter(海洋垃圾) is a growing popular concern. It's possibly the fastest-growing environmental problem and it's therefore a fast-growing problem for business. We need to bring on board those companies that want to change things, and then look at taxes and regulations to make more companies act.”
Certainly, there has been resistance from plastics firms to the bans. One UN delegate, who did not want to be named, stated that journalists in some countries were being paid by the plastics industry to write stories about job losses following the plastic bag ban. But they did not mention the jobs being created in alternatives, such as labour-intensive basketwork, which provides work for the rural poor. But some governments are standing firm, and the meeting has witnessed individual nations declaring tougher action against single-use plastic bags.
The UN's spokesman Sam Barratt told BBC News, “Of course we would have liked to have gone further, but this meeting's made real progress. There's now a sense of urgency and energy behind the issue that we haven't quite seen before. What is obvious, though, is that the UN can't solve this problem on its own. We need to do it in partnership with governments, businesses and even individuals.”
8.What can we know about the UN resolution on plastic waste?
A.Plastic waste should be banned on land too.
B.Plastic waste should be recycled by businesses.
C.The UN made exact time to stop it entering oceans.
D.The UN may make stricter policies in the future.
9.What can we infer from what Vidar Helgesen said?
A.Business doesn't see the problem of marine litter.
B.Fast-growing marine litter is a new problem.
C.Governments should force companies to act through policies.
D.Most companies want to stop marine life from disappearing.
10.Why did some companies pay journalists to write articles about job losses?
A.To express their satisfaction with governments.
B.To struggle against the strict plastic bag ban.
C.To show difficulties in labour-intensive basketwork.
D.To make governments stand firm against plastic bags.
11.What is the best title for the text?
A.The UN is committed to handling ocean plastic waste
B.The UN tries to protect marine life
C.We should solve the plastic waste problem
D.We should ban plastic waste completely
D
When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Anderson Glacier(冰川). But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn't there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living in the front line of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington, Bothell, the US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental study. She used the experiences of Native American tribes (部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—“this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science sceptic (怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn't going into environmental work—he was a computer science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration (恢复) projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson's class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about the changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class would help her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that would happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost,displaced or massively impacted,”she said. “The future isn't going to be what they imagined.”
12.Why does the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?
A.To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp's further research.
B.To prove Fawn Sharp's work is similar to Atkinson's.
C.To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D.To show scientists' concern about the Anderson Glacier.
13.What's the main purpose of Atkinson's class?
A.To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B.To get students more concerned about environmental issues.
C.To find solutions to the Olympic Mountains' environmental issues.
D.To teach students how to conduct research on the environment.
14.Which of the following best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A.Simple. B.Difficult.
C.Common. D.Interesting.
15.How did Atkinson's class influence Dillon?
A.Dillon worked as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.
B.It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.
C.It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D.It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Going green is a great way to reduce your environmental footprint and help the planet. Being green is all about reducing how many resources you use, reusing items whenever you can, and recycling items that can't be reused.　16　. 
●Carry a reusable water bottle so you will not need bottled water.
　17　. Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it's shipped to the store. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water on the way. Plastic bottles are usually the lightest and most convenient. 
●Use reusable bags while you're shopping.
Shopping bags make it easy to carry your items home, but they also pollute the planet. Skip the store's shopping bags and bring your own instead. Use a backpack that you already own, or purchase a couple of reusable bags from the checkout area at your local grocery store. 　18　. 
●　19　. 
Before you throw something away, look for ways you might reuse it. Try repurposing items or making green handicrafts. This will help you keep trash out of the landfill. For example, instead of throwing away a jar, you might use it as a glass, vase or storage container.
●Reduce the amount of time you spend using electronics.
While electronics are really fun and help you feel connected to your friends, they also use up a lot of energy. Schedule breaks from your electronics so you can use them less. During your breaks, do something fun like going for a walk, playing a game with your friends, or pursuing a hobby. 　20　. For instance, instead of playing online video games together, go to a local part. 
A.Glass bottles have come a long way in recent years
B.Reuse items to save them from the landfill
C.You can use your reusable bags at most stores
D.Bottled water is really bad for the environment
E.You probably need to change your personal habits
F.Invite your friend to connect with you in real life
G.You can find ideas for green crafts by searching online
16. 　　　17. 　　　18. 　　　19. 　　　20. 　　　 
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating? My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 　21　 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 　22　 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 　23　 order. Then came the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 　24　 and click the filter app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was, but we had no 　25　 to really enjoy it—it all went cold. Actually Stella's real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days. 
Many people care too much about others' opinions and try too hard to　26　 others. They find it hard to be 　27　 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their 　28　life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 　29　 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 　30　 to reality, as they still 　31　 the same old pattern of life. 
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more　32　 into achieving it 　33　 fabricating(编造)it. Being more confident, 　34　 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 　35　 their life on social media. 
21.A.ordered B.served
C.offered D.prepared
22.A.cooking　 B.washing　　
C.arranging D.collecting
23.A.messy　 B.ordered　　
C.casual　　 D.wrong
24.A.dishes　 B.restaurants　
C.tables　　 D.pictures
25.A.chance　 B.choice　　
C.excuse　　 D.reason
26.A.comfort　 B.please　　
C.inspire　　 D.discourage
27.A.independent B.generous　
C.responsible D.confident
28.A.real B.secret　　
C.peaceful　 D.healthy
29.A.rarely　 B.hardly　　
C.exactly　 D.nearly
30.A.difficulty B.change　　
C.guidance　 D.harm
31.A.question　 B.dislike　　
C.doubt　 D.follow
32.A.effort　 B.ambitions　
C.feelings　 D.money
33.A.other than B.more than　
C.rather than D.less than
34.A.identifying B.accepting　
C.persuading D.amusing
35.A.simplifying B.ruining　　
C.beautifying D.worsening
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Clowns (小丑)are almost everywhere in popular culture. But what they represent 　36　(change) a lot over the past 400 years. 
Clowns began appearing in 　37　 form we recognize today in European theaters in the 17th century. With brightly colored clothes, big red noses and colorful faces, clowns tried every means to act foolishly or play tricks 　38　 (make) the audience laugh. 
Clowns became popular in the US in the 1960s. A happy clown 　39　 (choose) by McDonald's to appear in its advertisements. Today, as we know, the company's mascot (吉祥物), Ronald McDonald, is world-famous. 
However, the image of a happy clown is largely an American creation. In other cultures, the clown character is not 　40　 (necessary) good. One example is “Mr. Punch”, who was popular in British and French theaters during the 1700s. While Mr. Punch was funny, he was also violent, often 　41　 (hit) his wife in the show, 　42　 gave rise to the name of “bad clowns”. Even today, in the eyes of some people, clowns are evil (邪恶的)and 　43　 (frighten). 
Of course, there are different voices. Some people think clowns are positive, creative and imaginative. They bring people 　44　 (please) and laughter. That's 　45　 attracts people, especially children, to clowns. They believe that as long as there are children in the world, there will be a future for clowns. 
36. 　　　37. 　　　38. 　　　39. 　　　40. 　　　 
41. 　　　42. 　　　43. 　　　44. 　　　45. 　　　 
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
新冠肺炎疫情当前,人们对各地开展的网课的看法不尽相同。假定你是李华,你将参加题目为“Will Traditional Classes Be Replaced by Online Classes?”的英语征文比赛,请撰写一篇英文稿件,主要内容包括:
1.网课出现的背景;
2.网课的利弊;
3.你的观点。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:
新冠肺炎COVID-19;学期semester;交流interaction
Will Traditional Classes Be Replaced by
Online Classes?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“It's not looking too good, darling. I think you'd better pack a few things and go to your mother's place. And you'd better take Rosie and Monty with you.”
Putting down the phone, Sara sighed. Tomorrow would be her husband Tony's birthday. She had planned to cook him a nice meal and then surprise him with the new mountain bike she'd bought for him. If she went to her mother's house, Tony wouldn't get his present for days.
However, her mother's house was the best place to stay right now. Being on higher land, it would be safe from the floods. It had been raining heavily for almost two weeks and the river near Sara and Tony's house was rising higher and higher all the time. Tony and others from the village had spent the last two days putting sandbags along the side of the river to stop it from overflowing. Now they feared that their hard work had been useless and soon the whole valley would be flooded.
Sara dressed baby James in warm clothes and collected the things she would need for him over the next few days. She put the lead on the dog and went in search of Monty, the cat. It took her a long time, but eventually she found him safe and warm under the covers on her bed. She placed him in his cat basket and took him into the kitchen where James and the dog, Rosie, were waiting.
Just as she was reaching for the car keys, Sara heard a sound like the noise bath water made when you pulled out the plug. She looked at the backdoor—water was flowing underneath. Turning around, she saw dirty brown water fountaining out of the drain and filling the sink. Realizing that they were trapped by the flood and it became impossible for her to drive out, quickly she put James into her backpack and pulled him onto her back. Calling to Rosie, she picked up the cat basket and ran to the front of the house and out into the front garden, where the car was parked.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
The water was already up to her knees, and Rosie was swimming beside her.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
Paragraph 2:
Sara, together with James, Rosie and Monty, was hungry and frightened on the roof of the house when a boat appeared in the distance.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 

答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.A
2.A
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.C
10.B
11.A
12.C
13.B
14.B
15.C
16.E
17.D
18.C
19.B
20.F
21.A
22.C
23.B
24.D
25.A
26.B
27.D
28.A
29.C
30.B
31.D
32.A
33.C
34.B
35.C
第一部分　阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读　这是一篇应用文,文章介绍了五个汽车交易网站的各自特点。
1.A　推理判断题。根据TureCar.com部分中的TrueCar's network checks many of the prices in your area and gets you the best price for the car you're looking for.可知,该网站会查看客户所在地区多家汽车店的价格,以为你寻找的车提供最实惠的价格,故可知,该网站提供最合理的汽车价格,故选A。
2.A　细节理解题。根据其所在部分中的The “build your car” option is one of the better options...get started with the process.可知,该服务可以为租赁车辆增加一些功能,故选A。
3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate for the price.可知,Costco不接受讨价还价,故不适用于那些善于砍价的人,故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.straightforward adj.简单的;不复杂的　2.option n.选择;选项;可选择的事物　3.feature n.特点,特色
4.comparison n.比较　5.staff n.全体雇员　6.deliver v.递送
7.negotiate v.协商;谈判
B
◎语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述的是经济发展和环境破坏之间的联系,并详细分析了经济增长的多个方面对环境的不同影响。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources and requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution when consumed, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.可知为人类提供这些东西与自然资源的使用有关,且需要能源。相应地,我们今天普遍使用的能源会造成污染,所以经济增长几乎不可避免地与环境破坏联系在一起。所以本文主要讲述的是经济发展和环境破坏之间的联系。故选D。
5.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的...the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long-term health effects for nearby populations of animals or people. They also lead to global warming.可知,其中的These plants 指代前句中的large industrial plants,They指代These plants,也就是large industrial plants。故选B。
6.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Industrial manufacture leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.可知,工业生产导致能源消耗不断增加,目前普遍使用的传统能源被认为是环境的最大污染源。所以工业生产可能会对环境造成破坏。故选C。
7.B　推理判断题。本文第一段给出中心论点,第二段解释经济增长的含义,接下来的三段阐述经济增长的各个方面对环境的影响,最后一段进行总结。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.civilization n.文明　2.facilities n.[pl.]设施,设备　3.luxury n.奢侈品　4.in turn相应地,转而;轮流　5.in terms of 就……而言　6.manufacture n.生产,制造 vt.(大规模)生产,制造　7.transformation n.改变;改革　8.inevitable adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
长难句分析
原句　These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long-term health effects for nearby populations of animals or people.
分析　这是一个主从复合句。leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere是现在分词短语作结果状语;which may cause negative long-term health effects for nearby populations of animals or people是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整个主句。
译文　这些工厂产生大量的废物,导致水和大气污染,这可能会对附近的动物种群或人类群体的健康造成长期的负面影响。
C
◎语篇解读　本文为说明文。联合国成员国就完全阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋达成协议。这个协议遭到相关企业的抵制,因此要践行这个协议需要各国政府及相关部门和企业的通力合作。
8.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的But ministers at an environment summit believe it will set the course for much tougher policies and send a clear signal to business.可推知,未来联合国可能会制定更严格的政策。故选D。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的We need to bring on board those companies that want to change things, and then look at taxes and regulations to make more companies act.可推知,Vidar Helgesen认为政府应该在政策上利用税收和规定使更多企业采取行动。故选C。
10.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的One UN delegate, who did not want to be named, stated that journalists in some countries were being paid by the plastics industry to write stories about job losses following the plastic bag ban.可推知,有些公司付钱给记者写文章是想同严格的塑料袋禁令作斗争。故选B。
11.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Nations in the UN have agreed that the world needs to completely stop plastic waste from entering the oceans.及下文的介绍可知,本文主要介绍了联合国成员国就完全阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋达成协议。A项The UN is committed to handling ocean plastic waste(联合国致力于处理海洋塑料垃圾)最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.summit n.峰会　2.establish vt.建立　3.crisis n.危机　4.controversial issue有争议的问题　5.restriction n.限制规定　6.resistance n.抵制　7.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的　8.intensive adj.短时间内集中紧张进行的;密集的
长难句分析
原句　One UN delegate, who did not want to be named, stated that journalists in some countries were being paid by the plastics industry to write stories about job losses following the plastic bag ban.
分析　本句为主从复合句。One UN delegate是主句的主语,who did not want to be named是who引导的定语从句,修饰One UN delegate;stated是主句的谓语;that journalists in some countries were...是that引导的宾语从句;to write stories about job losses为不定式作目的状语; following the plastic bag ban为现在分词短语作后置定语。
译文　一位不愿透露姓名的联合国代表称,在一些国家,塑料行业付钱给记者,让他们撰写有关塑料袋禁令实施后工作岗位减少的报道。
D
◎语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。美国华盛顿大学博塞尔校区的全职讲师Jennifer Wren Atkinson给同学们上关于环境研究的情感负担的课,意在通过这样的课告诉学生气候变化日益严峻,没人能够独善其身,要更加关注环境问题。
12.C　推理判断题。由第一段的内容可知,Fawn Sharp被邀请乘坐直升机飞越奥林匹克山脉,调查安德森冰川,但是冰川消失了,被变暖的气候融化了,当Fawn Sharp发现冰川已经不在那里时,她有一种深深的失落感。所以通过Fawn Sharp发现冰山消失以及她的感受可判断出作者提到Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引入“气候变化导致的失落感的问题”,故选C。
13.B　推理判断题。由倒数第二段Atkinson said she hoped the class would help her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that would happen over their lifetimes.可判断出Atkinson的课程的主要目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。故选B。
14.B　词义猜测题。由第三段中的there is no easy fix—“this is such an intractable problem that they're going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可判断出difficult(困难)最能解释intractable的意思。故选B。
15.C　推理判断题。由第五段中的Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.以及第六段Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson's class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about the changing climate.可知,Dillon在环保组织工作了六个月,Atkinson老师的课对他的影响很大,使他意识到他参加环保组织保护环境是对的。故判断出Atkinson的课鼓励Dillon更多地参与环境保护。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题　2.emotional burden情感上的负担　3.displace vt.迫使离开家园;取代,替代;移动;挪开
第二节
◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。环保就是减少你使用的资源,尽可能地重复利用物品,回收那些不能重复利用的物品。作者主要介绍了四个有助于环保的个人习惯。
16.E　本句为第一段最后一句,起到承上启下的作用。下文主要介绍了一些环保的个人习惯,故E选项“你可能需要改变你的个人习惯。”符合语境。故选E。
17.D　结合下文Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it's shipped to the store. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water on the way. Plastic bottles are usually the lightest and most convenient.可知本段建议随身携带可重复使用的水瓶,而不要买会产生垃圾和消耗资源的瓶装水。故D选项“瓶装水真的对环境有害。”符合语境。故选D。
18.C　结合上文Use a backpack that you already own, or purchase a couple of reusable bags from the checkout area at your local grocery store.可知是在建议使用自己已经拥有的袋子。故C选项“你可以在大多数商店使用你的可重复利用的袋子。”符合语境。故选C。
19.B　本句为本段小标题,根据其他三个标题的句式特点——都是祈使句,再结合下文中的This will help you keep trash out of the landfill.中的landfill可对应到B选项中的from the landfill,由此可知,B选项“重复利用物品,把它们从垃圾填埋场中拯救出来。”符合语境。故选B。
20.F　结合下文For instance, instead of playing online video games together, go to a local part.可知是在建议和朋友在现实生活中一起玩耍,而不是在网上。故F选项“邀请你的朋友在现实生活中与你联系。”符合语境。故选F。
【高频词汇】　1.skip vt.& vi.跳过　2.purchase vt.& n.购买
3.landfill n.废物填埋地　4.pursue vt.追求
长难句分析
原句　Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it's shipped to the store.
分析　本句为并列复合句。本句主体结构是“Not only...but also...”连接两个并列分句。Not only does it create trash是前一分句,Not only置于句首,该分句采用了部分倒装;but it also uses more resources...是后一分句,在这个分句中,because it's shipped to the store是because引导的原因状语从句。
译文　它不仅会制造垃圾,而且还会因为它是被运送到商店的而消耗更多的资源。
第二部分　语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活,作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己的表现。如果他们想要优雅的生活,他们应该更加努力改变,而不是制造假象。
21.A　考查动词词义辨析。因为是在餐馆吃饭,故此处是指作者他们点的菜被端上桌,而不是自己做的菜。 order点(酒菜等);serve端上;offer提供;prepare预备。故选A。
22.C　考查动词词义辨析。cook烹饪;wash洗;arrange整理,排列,布置;collect收集。根据下文中的Then came the most important part: taking pictures.可推测,她要把菜品摆好来拍照,故选C。
23.B　考查形容词词义辨析。 messy杂乱的;ordered精心安排的,组织有序的;casual随便的;wrong错误的。根据语境可知,此处应选择一个和random(随意的)意思相反的词,故选B。
24.D　考查名词词义辨析。dish菜肴;restaurant餐馆;table桌子;picture照片。根据上文的taking pictures可知此处用“照片”符合语境,picture是原词复现,故选D。
25.A　考查名词词义辨析。 chance机会;choice选择;excuse借口;reason原因。结合上下文可知,此处是指因为朋友拍照,导致食物变凉,“我们”错过了享用美食的机会,故选A。
26.B　考查动词词义辨析。comfort安慰;please使……高兴;inspire启发思考;discourage使泄气。根据上文的Many people care too much about others' opinions可知此处用“取悦别人”符合语境,故选B。
27.D　考查形容词词义辨析。independent独立的;generous慷慨的;responsible负责的;confident自信的。根据They find it hard...to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their　28　life on social media.可知,他们觉得接受自己很困难,由此推测他们不自信,故选D。 
28.A　考查形容词词义辨析。 real真的;secret秘密的;peaceful和平的;healthy健康的。根据下文的what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 　30　 to reality可知此处用“真实的生活”符合语境。real和reality是同根词,故选A。 
29.C　考查副词词义辨析。rarely很少;hardly几乎不;exactly确切地;nearly几乎。根据下文what they lack in reality可知,此处是指人们在社交媒体上展示的东西恰好是自己所缺乏的,故选C。
30.B　考查名词词义辨析。difficulty困难;change改变;guidance指导;harm伤害。根据下文的as they still 　31　 the same old pattern of life可知他们的现实生活并没有改变,故选B。 
31.D　考查动词词义辨析。question质询;dislike不喜欢;doubt怀疑;follow遵循。根据still和the same可推断,此处是指他们依然按原来的方式生活,用“遵循”符合语境。follow a...pattern按照……模式。故选D。
32.A　考查名词词义辨析。effort努力;ambition追求的目标;feeling感觉;money金钱。根据常识可知,想要美好的生活,就必须付出努力。put effort into doing sth.努力做某事。故选A。
33.C　考查介词短语辨析。other than除……以外;more than超过;rather than而不是;less than少于。根据语境可知,上下文是对比关系,故选C。
34.B　考查动词词义辨析。identify认出;accept接受;persuade说服;amuse(使)娱乐。根据上文中的They find it hard to be 　27　 and to accept themselves可知此处用“接受”符合语境,accept是原词复现,故选B。 
35.C　考查动词词义辨析。simplify简化;ruin毁坏;beautify美化;worsen恶化。根据第一段中的After that, she would choose one of the 　24　 and click the filter app.可知,作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活,故此处用“美化”符合语境,故选C项。 
【高频词汇】　1.seemingly adv.看似;貌似　2.random adj.随意的　3.elegant adj.优雅的　4.try one's best 尽某人最大努力
5.meaningful adj.有意义的
长难句分析
原句　Every time we went to a restaurant,she would not take a bite until all the dishes we ordered were on the table.
分析　本句为主从复合句。Every time we went to a restaurant是Every time 引导的时间状语从句,she would not take a bite...是主句, 在主句中,until all the dishes we ordered were on the table是until引导的时间状语从句, we ordered是省略了that的定语从句,修饰dishes。
译文　每次我们去餐馆,她都要等我们点的菜都上桌了才会吃一口。
第二节
◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在过去的400年里,小丑所代表的东西发生了很大的变化。有给人们带来快乐的小丑,例如,Ronald McDonald;也有坏的小丑,例如,Mr. Punch。但无论如何,孩子们还是很喜欢小丑的。
36.has changed　考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知,该空作谓语。句中有时间状语“over the past+一段时间”,故用现在完成时,且句子的主语是从句,根据主谓一致原则,从句作主语,谓语用单数。故填has changed。句意:但在过去的400年里,他们所代表的东西发生了很大的变化。
37.the　考查冠词。分析可知form在此处为可数名词,后被定语从句修饰,故要表示特指。故填the。句意:17世纪,小丑开始以我们今天认识的这种形式在欧洲剧院出现。
38.to make　考查不定式。分析可知此空需填非谓语动词;由语境可知,此处表示目的。故填to make。句意:小丑们穿着色彩鲜艳的衣服,戴着大红鼻子,把脸涂成五颜六色的,想尽一切办法表现得很愚蠢或耍花招来逗乐观众。
39.was chosen　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析可知,该空作谓语。又因为choose和主语A happy clown之间是被动关系,且表示发生在过去的事情,故需要用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数,故填was chosen。句意:麦当劳挑选了一个快乐的小丑让他出现在自己的广告中。
40.necessarily　考查副词。分析可知空格处在句中作状语修饰形容词good,需用副词,故填necessarily。句意:在其他文化中,小丑的角色不一定是好的。
41.hitting　考查现在分词。分析可知,该空为非谓语动词作状语;hit和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故填hitting。句意:虽然Mr. Punch很有趣,但他也很暴力,在表演中经常打他的妻子,这就是“坏小丑”这个名字的由来。
42.which　考查定语从句。分析可知空格处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意同上题。
43.frightening　考查形容词。分析句子可知空格处在句中作表语,与evil并列,需用形容词。frighten的形容词形式有两种:frightened(感到害怕的)和frightening(令人害怕的)。由语境可知此处表示“令人害怕的”,故填frightening。句意:即使在今天,在一些人的眼中,小丑也是邪恶和可怕的。
44.pleasure　考查名词。分析可知空格处与and后面的laughter是并列的,故该处也需填名词。空处表示“快乐”,故填pleasure。句意:他们给人们带来快乐和笑声。
45.what　考查名词性从句。分析句子可知空格处引导表语从句且在表语从句中作主语,表示“……的事物”,故填what。句意:那就是小丑吸引人们,尤其是孩子们的地方。
【高频词汇】　1.represent v.代表　2.foolishly adv.愚笨地;愚蠢的　3.character n.角色;人物　4.give rise to使发生(或存在)　5.imaginative adj.富于想象力的
第三部分　写作
第一节
One possible version:
Will Traditional Classes Be Replaced by Online Classes?
These days many schools have launched online classes as the opening of the spring semester is further postponed because of COVID-19.However, opinions on online classes vary. Some welcome the change in teaching methods because it can release teachers from repeating the same contents and students can replay the teaching materials as well. Others have just the opposite opinion. They think that online education lacks teacher-student interactions.
As far as I'm concerned, traditional classes can't be replaced by online ones because what students acquire at school is more than knowledge. But when it comes to the special situation at the moment, online classes are a better option.
第二节
写作指导

Time
during the flood period
Place
at home
Character
Sara, Tony, James, dog Rosie and cat Monty

Beginning
Tony让妻子Sara带着儿子和宠物去她母亲家住几天,因为洪水就要来了,他担心村子会被淹。
Development
Sara准备好了要用的东西,当她正要开车离开时,却发现他们已经被洪水困住了。

The water was already up to her knees, and Rosie was swimming beside her.
①他们如何躲避洪水?
②他们暂时安全了吗?
Sara, together with James, Rosie and Monty, was hungry and frightened on the roof of the house when a boat appeared in the distance.
①Sara看到船后做了什么?
②他们最后获救了吗?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
The water was already up to her knees, and Rosie was swimming beside her. Knowing the water would soon be much deeper, Sara ran to the car and opened the doors. She threw the cat basket onto the roof of the car and pushed Rosie up beside it. Using the car seat as a step she climbed first onto the front of the car and then onto the roof of the house. James, safely attached to her, made no sound at all. Sara stared down at the water which was rushing past the car. It was already halfway up the doors, and still rising.
Paragraph 2:
Sara, together with James, Rosie and Monty, was hungry and frightened on the roof of the house when a boat appeared in the distance. She was extremely happy and shouted at the boat, “Here!Here!” But the boat seemed not to head for their direction. Worried and anxious, she shouted at the boat again, “Help!Help! Here we are!” Luckily, the people on the boat replied to her. They were rescued and the warm-hearted people took them to Sara's mother's place. Sara showed her sincere gratitude to the people who helped them.