Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Part 2-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Record profits in the retail market 　　　(表明) a boom in the economy. 

2.It remains to be seen whether the show will find 　　　(喜爱) with an audience. 

3.To test the 　　　(理论), they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order. 

4.UAVs (无人机) can have a stronger lifting ability and fly farther without being 　　　(充电) halfway. 

5.When New York Fashion Week kicks off, Maryland will be one of the 　　　(突出的) models. 

Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空

by accident; with a bang; show off; work out; be known for

1.She 　　　best 　　　　　　her work on the human brain. 

2.Becoming a well-rounded person isn't something that happens 　　　　　　. 

3.I couldn't 　　　　　　where the music was coming. 

4.They have a tendency to 　　　　　　, dramatizing (夸张表现) almost every situation. 

5.The school year started off 　　　　　　when I was named class president. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Standing at the top of the mountain, we admired the 　　　　(surround) scenes. 

2.Susan is a very 　　　　(intelligence) woman who knows her own mind. 

3.He never wanted to make friends with office 　　　　(politic). 

4.Before discovering 　　　　(electric), people relied on fire as a source of light. 

5.I now look forward to 　　　　(go) back to work as soon as possible. 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.直到他找到了一种方法,让爆竹被拉开的时候能“爆”,销量才突飞猛进。

 　　　　　　　　　　　　he found a way to make firecrackers “crack” when pulled apart 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

2.位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更多的贡献。

 　　　　　　the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 

3.当然,语言学习并不是什么新鲜事,但科技已经让它比以往任何时候都更容易掌握。

Language learning is nothing new, of course, but technology has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to grasp. 

4.设法解决交通污染问题是很重要的。

 　　　　　　　　　　　　we address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 

5.没有阳光,植物就无法生存。

Without sunlight, 　　　　　　　　　. 

6.那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。

 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 

7.尽管一个月前她摔断了两根骨头,但她一直坚守岗位。

She has always stuck to her post though she 　　　　　　　　　　　　in a fall a month ago. 

8.如果你发现一笔好得令人难以置信的交易,对该公司做个调查,以确保它是一笔合法的交易。

If you find a deal that is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, do a search on the company to make sure it is a legal offer. 

9.不管是什么原因,他们最终达成了共识。

 　　　　　　　　　, they finally found common ground. 

10.参加者将阅读一些经典作品,如屈原写的诗。

The participants will read some classic works like poems 　　　　　　Qu Yuan.能力提升练 

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021山西大学附属中学高二上月考,)

Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husband, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.

In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for the discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.

When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.

In 1891, a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.

1.What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1?

A.They go through difficulties to be successful.

B.They cannot get the highest honors in the world.

C.They had better pay more attention to their families.

D.They have more opportunities to become successful.

2.Why did Mary Anning fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils?

A.Because she didn't want to be known to anyone.

B.Because they weren't worth studying.

C.Because nobody recognized them.

D.Because she sold them for money.

3.What can we know about Marie Curie?

A.She finished her college education in Poland.

B.She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes.

C.She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.

D.She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

4.What's the text mainly about?

A.Ancient discoveries of scientists.

B.Some stories of women scientists.

C.Successful marriages of women scientists.

D.Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize.

B

(2020安徽宣城高一上期末联考,)

On October 23, 2018, scientists came across a white octopus (章鱼) with “wings” that looked more like a ghost from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see.

The octopus' scientific name is Grimpoteuthis. However, thanks to the two ear-like fins(鳍)on the sides of its body, it is better known as a dumbo octopus, after Disney's animated (把……制作成动画片)elephant. The sea creature also has eight legs connected to its body by a web of skin, which are used to increase the pace when it is faced with natural enemies like sharks. Dumbo octopuses can also move across the seafloor using their tentacles (触须).

While the one caught on tape is mostly white, dumbo octopuses, like other octopuses, can change their skin color in different environments. They, however, do not produce ink which is often used as a weapon by other octopuses. Instead, some dumbo octopuses have developed something sharp on their tentacles.

There are more than a dozen known species of dumbo octopuses. While most are small, measuring between 8 and 12 inches long, some can reach over 6 feet in length. Though octopuses have huge eyes, they can hardly see. However, although dumbo octopuses live in the deepest and darkest parts of the ocean, where nothing can be seen, the lack of sight does not affect them. Instead, they have learned to use the suckers(吸盘)on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.

The deep-sea environment makes these octopuses difficult to spot, which is why any sighting of the unusual creatures is met with such joy. The latest one, caught on camera by Hercules, an unmanned robot, was discovered two miles underwater around the Davidson Seamount, a volcano in California.

5.What can we learn about the white octopus from the passage?

A.It looks strange.

B.It has no legs.

C.It can fly out of water.

D.It is common in the sea.

6.Which of the following are dumbo octopuses good at?

A.Taking on different colors.

B.Attacking enemies using ink.

C.Seeing things in the darkness with big eyes.

D.Protecting themselves with wings.

7.What is the major function of the suckers on dumbo octopuses' tentacles?

A.To keep their balance.

B.To speed up their pace.

C.To sense their surroundings.

D.To take in necessary food.

8.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.The Octopuses Studied by Scientists

B.The Dumbo Octopus Found Around a Seamount in California

C.The Elephant-like Dumbo Octopuses Spotted by Robots

D.A New Species Noticed Around the Davidson Seamount

Ⅱ.七选五

 (2021黑龙江吉林两省十校高一期中联考,)

The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉流失) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts. 　1　 . Here are the right ways to do it. 

Equipment strength training

Equipment strength training is the best way to slow down the process of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipment as weights or running machines. 　2　 . Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. 

Also listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain, stop immediately. After the pain goes away you can try the exercise again, but with a lower weight or speed.

No equipment strength training

You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such exercises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 　3　 . 

Exercises that use body weight are usually safer for beginners. They can also be easier for the body, and you can do them anywhere.

Warm up

 　4　 . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 

 　5　  

Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group.

A.Have a break

B.The aging process can be stopped in many ways

C.They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss

D.Working with such equipment can be dangerous

E.Experts suggest warming up before strength training

F.You can slowly increase the weight as you get stronger

G.But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down

1. 　　　2. 　　　3. 　　　4. 　　　5. 　　　 

答案全解全析

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.indicate　2.favour　3.theory　4.charged　5.standout

Ⅱ.1.is; known for　2.by accident　3.work out　4.show off

5.with a bang

Ⅲ.1.surrounding　考查形容词。句意:我们站在山顶上,欣赏四周的景色。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词scenes,故用形容词形式。

2.intelligent　考查形容词。句意:苏珊是个非常聪明、有主见的女人。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词woman,故用形容词形式。

3.politicians　考查名词及其单复数。句意:他从不愿意和善于搞办公室政治的人交朋友。 根据语境可知,空处表示“政客”;politician为可数名词,空前无限定词,该处用复数。

4.electricity　考查名词。句意: 在发现电之前,人们依靠火作为光源。此空作discovering的宾语,表示“电”, 故用名词electricity。

5.going　考查动名词。句意:我现在渴望尽早回到工作岗位。look forward to 中to为介词,后接动名词形式。

Ⅳ.1.It was not until; that sales took off　2.Located where

3.made it easier than ever　4.It is important that　5.plants can't live　6.Ordered over a week ago　7.had two bones broken

8.too good to be true　9.Whatever the reason　10.written by

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家为人类社会做出了很大贡献。

1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段末句It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 B选项(她们不能获得世界上最高的荣誉)与第一段第二句所述观点相悖;C选项(她们最好多关注她们的家庭)、D选项(她们有更多成功的机会)均不符合第一段内容。

2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段末句She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.可知,她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。

3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry.可知,1903年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个两次获得诺贝尔奖的人,这次是化学奖。由此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。A选项(她在波兰完成了大学教育)错误,第四段前两句交代了玛丽·居里因为不能在波兰上大学,所以才去了巴黎学习物理;C选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖)错误,第四段第四句和第五句交代了他们是先结了婚,然后和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖;D选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖)与第四段第六句所述内容不符。

4.B　主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段点出了本文的中心话题:Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times...It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现……女性很难成为成功的科学家。),然后讲述了玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。文中居里夫人获得了诺贝尔奖使D选项具有干扰性,但是玛丽·安宁没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除D选项。

【高频词汇】　1.dozens of很多;许多　2.honor n.荣誉,光荣

3.recognize vt.认可;承认　4.complete adj.完全的,完整的

5.award vt.授予

长难句分析

原句　When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons of several animals that no longer existed on earth.

分析　该句是一个主从复合句。其中When引导时间状语从句;to find...为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰person;that no longer existed on earth为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals。

译文　当她只有12岁的时候,玛丽成了第一个发现几种动物的近乎完整的骨架的人,这些动物在地球上已经不存在了。

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家在加利福尼亚的一座海底山附近发现了罕见的“小飞象章鱼”。文章介绍了“小飞象章鱼”的外观、生活习性等。

5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段On October 23, 2018, scientists came across a white octopus with “wings” that looked more like a ghost from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see.(2018年10月23日,科学家们偶然发现了一只长着“翅膀”的白色章鱼,它看起来更像来自外太空的幽灵,而不像我们通常看到的那些八脚章鱼。)可知,科学家发现的白色章鱼长相奇怪。故选A。

6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句While the one caught on tape is mostly white, dumbo octopuses, like other octopuses, can change their skin color in different environments.(虽然录像中的这只“小飞象章鱼”大部分是白色的,但和其他章鱼一样,“小飞象章鱼”在不同的环境中可以改变它们皮肤的颜色。)可知,“小飞象章鱼”擅长呈现不同的颜色。故选A。

7.C　细节理解题。根据第四段尾句Instead, they have learned to use the suckers on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.(相反,它们已经学会了用触须上的吸盘来感知周围的环境。)可知,“小飞象章鱼”触须上的吸盘主要用于感知周围的环境。故选C。

8.B　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科学家在加利福尼亚的一座海底山附近发现的罕见的“小飞象章鱼”。选项B最能概括全文主旨。

【高频词汇】　1.come across偶然发现　2.pace n.速度;步伐　3.measure linking verb (指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为　4.lack n. & v.缺少　5.spot v.发现

长难句分析

原句　The sea creature also has eight legs connected to its body by a web of skin, which are used to increase the pace when it is faced with natural enemies like sharks.

分析　这是一个主从复合句。The sea creature also has eight legs connected to its body by a web of skin是主句,关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词eight legs。在这个定语从句中,when it is faced with natural enemies like sharks是when引导的时间状语从句。

译文　这种海洋生物也有8条腿,通过一张皮肤网与身体相连,当遇到像鲨鱼这样的天敌时,这些腿用来加快速度。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些可以延缓肌肉流失的方法以及注意事项。

1.G　上文Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts.(科学家可能不知道肌肉流失开始的确切时间)与G项But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down(但是他们确实知道这个过程可以在很大程度上减慢)衔接自然,上下文构成明显的转折关系,且G项中的they指的就是上文中的Scientists,know为原词复现,故选G项。

2.D　下文Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury.(因此,如果你是第一次尝试这种训练,专家建议你有教练或者健康专家陪同,以免受伤)与D项Working with such equipment can be dangerous(使用这种器械可能很危险)衔接自然,因为这些健身器械使用起来会有危险,所以建议新手有教练或者健康专家陪同。D项中的dangerous对应下文的injury,故选D项。

3.C　上文 Such exercises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. (这种锻炼包括俯卧撑、侧跳、开合跳或者深度屈膝)与C项They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss(它们是延缓肌肉流失的绝佳锻炼方式)衔接自然,C项中的They指的就是上文中提到的那些运动,故选C项。

4.E　下文Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. (冷肌肉比热肌肉更容易受伤)与E项Experts suggest warming up before strength training(专家建议在进行力量训练前先热身)衔接自然。故选E项。

5.A　分析段落结构可知,设空处为本段小标题。根据下文Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. (给你的肌肉时间来恢复。专家说,在锻炼每一个特定的肌肉群之间最好休息一整天。)可知,本段主要建议人们进行适当的休息,让肌肉有恢复的时间。故A项Have a break(休息一下)可以作为本段小标题,故选A项。

【高频词汇】　1.equipment n.设备;器材　2.slow down慢下来;减速　3.process n.过程　4.go away消失　5.warm up热身