Unit 1　Food matters Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第一册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Unit 1　Food matters

Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Different brands 　　　　(不同) in quality. 

2. She had homemade ice cream for 　　　(甜点). 

3.It's a 　　　(结合体) of music, dance and writing. 

4.Spaniards gobble a dozen grapes, each fruit representing a month that will be either sweet or 　　　(酸的). 

5. The book appeals to readers of all ages and establishes a literary 　　　(纽带) between parents and children. 

6.Dinner parties with friends are also culprits(问题的成因), as being in a good 　　　(心情) gives you an appetite. 

7.There is convincing evidence of a l　　　 between exposure to the sun and skin cancer. 

8. Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the n　　　 boys and girls. 

9.It will help relieve the pressure in preventing and controlling imported COVID-19 cases and also l　　　 the risk of outbreaks. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

do the trick;cry out for;depend on;lie in;make up for

1.We have stored many masks in case we will 　　　　　　them. 

2.The problem 　　　　　　how we can persuade him. 

3. The boy is so reliable that you can trust and 　　　　　　him. 

4.I didn't know what it was that 　　　　　　, but I was definitely feeling much better. 

5. The driver began to speed up to 　　　　　　the time he's lost in the traffic jam. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.The decision was based on 　　　　(emotional) rather than rational thought.  

2.China is making every effort to ensure people's sense of happiness and 　　　　(secure). 

3.Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and 　　　　(relief) pressure. 

4.Mother laid the baby down 　　　　(gentle) on the bed. 

5. The Dead Sea is so 　　　　(salt) that it's hard for anything to live in it. 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1. 每当我犯错误时,老师都耐心地指出它们。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　, the teacher pointed them out patiently. 

2. 是什么使你相信他说的话是真的?

What 　　　　　　　　　his words were true? 

3. 战士们下定决心保卫祖国,无论有多难。

The warriors were determined to defend their homeland, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

4.重要的是要坚持并为之努力。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　stick to it and work hard towards it. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

　　Whenever I feel unhappy, rice pudding cheers 　1　(I) up. 

Rice pudding 　2　(illustrate) the unique power of “comfort food”, which refers to any food 　3　 makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by 　4　(help) us recall what we love. 

Our comfort foods vary from person to person, depending 　5　our own unique experiences shaping our lives. 

The feeling of 　6　(happy) and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country. It is hardest 　7　 (give) up the food that they grow up with. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our 　8　(culture) roots, giving us the “taste of home” and 　9　(relieve) feelings of homesickness.  

Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup,　10　 food for the soul. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020湖南娄底一中高一下期末,)

 One of the most popular street foods found in China is no doubt the barbecue. A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food baked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. The barbecue is an important part of people's nightlife.

Shown on June 20, the program has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site bilibili.com. To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV program telling stories from late night in formal Japanese bars.

“I'm happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good program, and we share the same topic—night food,” said Chinese Barbecue's director Chen Yingjie. “However, they are quite different.” He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was some conversation while people were eating. However, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively atmosphere. People eating these barbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness.

The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship(亲属关系). The barbecue stall is where you go to become linked to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship.

The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good emotions toward the barbecue, either for the taste or for the warmth produced by fire. “What we should do is present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is. Because of its special ingredients,ways of cooking and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do,” said Chen.

1.What do we know about Chinese Barbecue?

A.It has been becoming very popular on the Internet.

B.It is thought highly of by most of the foreign tourists.

C.It mainly talks about the most famous Chinese food.

D.It shows the colorful nightlife in large cities of China.

2.In which way was Chinese Barbecue different from Midnight Diner?

A.It showed more kinds of food.

B.It focused more on the diners.

C.It showed the eating habits.

D.It was less popular than Midnight Diner.

3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.The importance of the barbecue to the family.

B.The influence of the barbecue on people's manners.

C.The influence of the barbecue on people's lifestyle.

D.The role of the barbecue in people's relationship.

4.Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series?

A.To show the feature of Chinese food.

B.To research a special way of cooking.

C.To help the world understand China.

D.To introduce the history of the barbecue.

B

(2020广东珠海高一期末,)

When life gives you lemons, make lemonade, yes, and drink all of them. Then you're ready for an adventure.

Researchers from the University of Sussex in England say they have found for the first time experimental evidence that sour tastes lead to more risk-taking behaviour in a paper published on 7 June, 2019.

In the study, 168 volunteers from the UK and Vietnam were given a 20ml solution representing one of the five main taste groups: bitter, salty, sour, sweet and umami(鲜味). The tasters then took part in a computerized test that measures risk-taking: they got paid to blow up a digital balloon. The more air in the balloon, the more money they could get; they could cash out whenever they wanted. But if the balloon popped or exploded? Bye bye, potential winnings.

When the researchers studied the performance of the volunteers, they found the people who'd tasted sourness were much more likely to keep pumping up the balloon compared with people who'd got a taste of the other solutions. On average, sour tasters were 39% more likely to push the balloon to its limits than sweet tasters, 20.5% more than bitter, 16.03% more than salty and 40.29% more than umami.

This finding makes a degree of sense—without taking risks, we don't learn anything new. And it is obvious that people with negative emotions such as anxiety and depression are unwilling to take risks. So, the researchers argue, if you have these emotions, maybe adding more sour foods into your diet could help keep that aversion(厌恶)in check. Then you'd be more likely to take chances, like talking to a stranger, and that will lead to self-improvement.

5.Where does this passage most probably come from?

A.A travel guide.

B.A novel.

C.A magazine.

D.A poster.

6.What can we learn about the volunteers?

A.They came from the University of Sussex in England.

B.They got one taste drink after they filled up a balloon.

C.Those who blew up a digital balloon got more money.

D.Sour tasters were likely to push the balloon to its limits.

7.This finding may be more helpful to the people who　　　. 

A.are in a negative mood

B.like to drink lemonade

C.joined in the experiment

D.like talking to strangers

8.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.Good Tastes Encourage Adventures.

B.Sour Tastes Make You Risk-taking.

C.Lemonade Does Good to Health.

D.Sour Foods Keep You Happy.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020江苏泰州高一下期末,)

It's common that you dine out with background music filling the restaurant. Today, mealtime music has become so popular that we ignore how listening to music affects our dining experience. 　1　 

　　People Eat On the Beat

Just as listening to fast music while exercising tends to make people run faster, studies have shown that fast tunes actually make diners eat faster. 　2　 They play songs with fast music during a busy lunch rush and select more relaxing songs when there are plenty of open tables. 

　　Music Changes the Concept of Time

　3　 Studies have shown that playing classical music during eating can let people loose in the most effective way. Playing familiar songs, on the other hand, actually helps people judge how long they've been staying. 

　　Music Influences Behavior

Studies have proved that music can influence the behavior of listeners. 　4　 In contrast, quiet and relaxing music stimulates polite talks and creates a more romantic atmosphere. 

　　Music Changes How Food Tastes

Research has indicated that the sound and frequency play a big role in how our brain reacts to the taste. 　5　 High frequencies add to sweetness while low frequencies enhance bitterness. And loud background noise has the tendency to lower the overall enjoyment of food. 

A.Time flies when you're having fun.

B.Many restaurateurs have used this research to control the pace as needed.

C.Loud music tends to encourage loud conversations and increased drinking.

D.Certain tunes and songs can even affect our feeling of food when we are eating it.

E.Researchers look at whether or not loud, fast music may increase the amount of eaten food.

F.The louder the music, the more cookies, chips, and sugary drinks shoppers end up adding to their carts.

G.Many studies say that music can actually affect the eating pace, the time concept, table behavior and food tastes.

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

Unit 1　Food matters

Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.vary　2.dessert　3.combination　4.sour　5.bond　6.mood

7.link　8.native　9.lower

Ⅱ.1.cry out for　2.lies in　3.depend on　4.did the trick    5.make up for

Ⅲ.1.emotion(s)　考查名词。句意:这个决定是基于情感而不是理性的思考。根据句意可知介词on后接名词,故填emotion。emotion表示“情感”用作可数或不可数名词。

2.security　考查名词。句意:中国正在尽一切努力确保人民的幸福感和安全感。连词and连接并列的名词作介词of的宾语。故填security,表示“安全”,为不可数名词。

3.relieve　考查动词。句意:一些简单的事情,比如喝一些冷水,可能会让你头脑清醒,缓解压力。连词and连接并列成分,由clear可知此处应填relieve。

4.gently　考查副词。句意:妈妈轻轻地把孩子放在床上。此处应用副词修饰动词laid。故填gently。

5. salty　考查形容词。句意:死海如此咸以至于任何东西都难以在里面存活。系动词is后接形容词作表语。故填salty。

Ⅳ.1.Whenever I made mistakes

2. made you believe

3. no matter how difficult it was

4.It is important to

Ⅴ.1.me　考查代词。cheers后接人称代词的宾格作宾语,故填me。

2.illustrates　考查动词时态和主谓一致。这里叙述的是客观情况,所以应用一般现在时,且主语Rice pudding是不可数名词,所以谓语动词应用单数。故填illustrates。

3.that　考查定语从句。设空处为定语从句的关系词,在从句中作主语,且指物,food被any修饰,所以用关系代词that。故填that。

4.helping　考查动名词。介词by后接动名词作宾语。故填helping。

5. on/upon　考查介词。固定短语depending on/upon决定于……。故填on或upon。

6. happiness　考查名词。介词of后接名词。故填happiness。

7.to give　考查不定式。此处为固定句型:It is+adj.+to do sth.,故填to give。

8.cultural　考查形容词。名词roots应用形容词修饰。故填cultural。

9.relieving　考查现在分词。连词and连接并列的现在分词giving和relieving在句中作状语。故填relieving。

10.but　考查连词。根据语境可知,治愈系食物不仅是一碗面条或鸡汤,而且还是心灵食粮。固定句型:not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文,主要介绍中国的一部在网上受到广泛好评的纪录片《人生一串》。这部纪录片向观众展示了中国多姿多彩的烧烤文化,被誉为中国版的《深夜食堂》。

1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Shown on June 20, the program has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site bilibili.com.可知,该节目于6月20日在视频网站bilibili.com上播放,目前已经有超过2,500万的点击量。由此可知这部纪录片在互联网上非常流行。故选A。根据第一段第二句A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food baked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country.可知,《人生一串》讲述了在全国城镇的每个街角用热炭烤制的这种受欢迎的食物的故事,所以C项“它主要讲的是中国最有名的食物”与原文信息不符;B项“它受到大多数外国游客的高度评价”和D项“它展示了中国大城市丰富多彩的夜生活”等信息原文未提及。

2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段后三句可知,导演认为《深夜食堂》更关注食物本身,尽管人们在吃东西的时候也会有一些对话。而中国人的夜宵则意味着欢乐和更活跃的气氛。人们吃这些烧烤小吃会产生一种联系感,这可能是一种治愈孤独感的方法。由此推断出,与《深夜食堂》相比,《人生一串》更关注食客,故选B项。根据第一段第二句中的A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food baked over hot coals可知,《人生一串》呈现的只有烧烤,所以排除A项;而C项“它展示的是饮食习惯”的信息原文未提及;根据第二段最后一句中的Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner可知,一些观众将《人生一串》比作《深夜食堂》,所以D项“它没有《深夜食堂》受欢迎”的信息与原文不符。

3.D　主旨大意题。根据第四段最后两句可知,烧烤摊是你与社会上的人建立联系的地方。与公务午餐不同的是,在公务午餐中,人们很有礼貌,而烧烤让人们与老朋友和新朋友一起放松,给人留下持久的友谊的印象。所以推断出,第四段主要讲述了烧烤在人们的社会关系中的作用。故选D。根据第四段第一句中的is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship可知,烧烤与母亲自制的食物不同,后者是家庭和亲情的象征,因此这里没有体现烧烤对家庭的重要性,所以A项“烧烤对家庭的重要性”与原文信息不符;B项“烧烤对人们举止的影响”和C项“烧烤对人们生活方式的影响”的信息原文未提及。

4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,我们应该做的是展现中国烧烤本来的样子,因为其特殊的食材、烹饪的方法,更重要的是特殊的环境和人,世界将了解并可能爱上它,就像我们一样。由此判断出,陈英杰选择烧烤作为这个系列的主题是因为想要让世界了解中国,故选C。烧烤并不能代表中国食物的特征,排除A项;B项“为了寻找特殊的烹饪方式”和D项“为了展示烧烤的历史”等信息文章没有提及。

【高频词汇】　1.barbecue n.烧烤　2.compare...to...把……比作……;把……与……作比较　3.focus on 关注;集中(注意力、精力等)于　4.connection n.关系;连接　5.symbol n.象征;符号;标志

B

◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究表明,酸味会导致更多的冒险行为,饮食中添加更多的酸味食物对有焦虑和抑郁等不良情绪的人会有帮助。

5.C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,英国萨塞克斯大学的研究人员表示,他们在2019年6月7日发表的一篇论文中首次发现了实验证据,表明酸味会导致更多冒险行为,所以文章内容是关于科学研究的。由此推断出,本文可能出自杂志。故选C项。

6.D　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,尝到酸味的志愿者比尝到其他溶液的志愿者更有可能继续给气球吹气。平均而言,酸味品尝者把气球吹向极限的可能比甜味品尝者多39%,比苦味品尝者多20.5%,比咸味品尝者多16.03%,比鲜味品尝者多40.29%。也就是说,志愿者中酸味品尝者更可能会把气球吹到极限,所以D项与原文信息相符。根据第三段第一句中的168 volunteers from the UK and Vietnam可知,志愿者来自英国和越南,所以A项信息与原文不符;根据第四段第一句中的they found the people who'd tasted sour were much more likely to keep pumping up the balloon compared with people who'd got a taste of the other solutions可知,志愿者喝过饮料之后吹气球,所以B项“他们在吹起气球后得到一种口味的饮料”与原文信息不符;根据第三段后三句可知,志愿者的气球里的空气越多,他们能得到的钱就越多,但如果气球被吹爆就一分钱也得不到,所以C项“那些吹爆数字气球的人能得到更多的钱”与原文信息不符。故选D项。

7.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知,有焦虑和抑郁情绪的人不愿意冒险。如果你有这些情绪,也许在你的饮食中添加更多的酸味食物可以帮助控制这种厌恶情绪。这样你就更有可能去冒险,比如和陌生人说话,这将有助于你自我改善。由此推断出,这个发现对于那些有负面情绪的人,如患有焦虑和抑郁等疾病的人会有帮助,有助于他们控制自己的不良情绪。故选A项。

8.B　主旨大意题。通读全文,文章第二段提出,有实验证据表明酸味会导致更多的冒险行为;第三段和第四段通过吹气球的实验表明,酸味的品尝者比其他味道的品尝者更有可能把气球吹到极限;第五段说明通过这一发现可知,饮食中添加更多的酸味食物有助于有焦虑或抑郁等情绪的人尝试新事物。由此推断出B项“酸味让你去冒险”符合文章的主旨,排除D项“酸味让你高兴”。A项“好味道鼓励冒险”与文章第二段提出的sour tastes lead to more risk-taking behaviour不符,文章没有显示出“酸味”是“好味道”;第一段指出柠檬水让人更爱冒险,但没有说柠檬水对健康有益,所以C项“柠檬水对健康有益”与文章主旨不符。

【高频词汇】　1.adventure n.冒险;冒险精神　2.evidence n.证据,证明;迹象　3.digital adj.数字的　4.explode v.爆破;爆炸　5.compared with...与……相比　6.on average平均来看

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章讲述了音乐对饮食的影响。音乐可以影响饮食节奏、时间观念、餐桌行为和食物的口味。

1.G　根据上一句Today, mealtime music has become so popular that we ignore how listening to music affects our dining experience.可知,就餐音乐如此普遍以至于我们忽视了听音乐如何影响我们的就餐体验;结合下文的段落标题可知,下文讲述的是音乐对就餐的影响,所以G项“许多研究表明,音乐实际上会影响饮食节奏、时间观念、餐桌行为和食物口味。”符合语境,承上启下。故选G。

2.B　根据上一句中的studies have shown that fast tunes actually make diners eat faster可知,研究表明快节奏的曲子实际上让就餐者吃得更快,也就是说音乐影响就餐速度;结合下一句They play songs with fast music during a busy lunch rush and select more relaxing songs when there are plenty of open tables.可知,在繁忙的午餐时间,他们播放快节奏的音乐,当有足够的可用的桌子时,他们就选择更让人放松的歌曲。B项中Many restaurateurs与此处的they呼应,此处是在说明餐馆老板在利用这项研究发现。由此推断出,B项“许多餐馆老板已经利用这项研究来根据需要控制速度。”符合语境,承上启下。故选B。

3.A　根据本段小标题Music Changes the Concept of Time可知,本段主要讲述的是音乐改变时间概念,A项“Time flies when you're having fun.”与标题中the Concept of Time相呼应,所以A项“当你玩得开心的时候,时间过得很快。”符合语境。故选A。

4.C　根据下一句In contrast, quiet and relaxing music stimulates polite talks and creates a more romantic atmosphere.可知,相反,安静和放松的音乐激发文明交谈,创造更浪漫的氛围。C项中的Loud music与此处quiet and relaxing music是相对的,所以C项“响亮的音乐往往会鼓励大声谈话和增加饮酒量。”符合语境。故选C。

5.D　根据段落小标题可知,本段主要讲述音乐改变了食物的味道;结合下文可知,高频率增加甜味,低频率增加苦味。而喧闹的背景噪声易降低食物整体享受。D项“当我们吃东西的时候,某些曲调和歌曲甚至会影响我们对食物的感觉。”符合语境。故选D。

【高频词汇】　1.classical adj.古典的;经典的　2.effective adj.有效的,起作用的　3.on the other hand 另一方面　4.in contrast 相反;相比之下　5.indicate v.表明;指出;象征　6.frequency n.频率;频繁