Unit 1　Food matters 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第一册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

这是一份Unit 1　Food matters 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第一册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共31页。
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　The best thing to start your day is a good breakfast. In fact, many people believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. In China, porridge with pickles(咸菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common breakfast foods. What are breakfasts in other countries like? Let's take a look!
The US
In the US, a good Sunday morning starts with scrambled eggs, crispy bacon or juicy sausages, and soft pancakes with butter and sweet syrup on top. On busy weekdays, most people in the US like to eat cereal with milk, bread and fruit for breakfast. Some people also drink coffee.
Canada
Canada is the largest producer of maple syrup. People usually have pancakes with maple syrup for breakfast. Canadian bacon is a popular dish for breakfast as well. Canadian bacon is quite unlike the crispy bacon of the United States. It tastes more like ham and is served in thin round slices.
Britain
The British breakfast is similar to the American breakfast. A basic British breakfast consists of fried eggs, bacon, sausages, mushrooms, baked(烤的) beans, and tomatoes. These foods are popular among young people in Britain. Usually, British people have coffee, tea or milk to drink. Some people also like to drink orange juice.
Japan
Most people in Japan these days—at least in big cities—eat a quick Western-style breakfast like eggs, toast, juice and coffee. Those who prefer more traditional foods are likely to have tea and miso soup with rice. Steamed rice is necessary for a Japanese-style breakfast. People also add nori seaweed or a little raw egg to their rice.
1.On busy weekday mornings, most people in the US prefer 　　　. 
A.scrambled eggs, crispy bacon or juicy sausages
B.soft pancakes with butter and sweet syrup on top
C.ham, scrambled eggs and pancakes
D.cereal with milk, bread and fruit
2.Maple syrup is popular in 　　　. 
A.America　　B.Canada
C.Britain　　 D.Japan
3.The British-style breakfast includes 　　　. 
A.scrambled eggs, mushrooms and baked beans
B.fried eggs, sausages with sweet syrup
C.bacon, sausages, mushrooms and noodles
D.fried eggs, sausages, tomatoes and coffee or tea

B
　　Who is Li Ziqi? For 7 million watchers on YouTube and 20 million micro bloggers on Sina Weibo, that's an easy question to answer. She holds an account on each of the two platforms, and uploads her videos about the detailed cooking processes of various kinds of traditional Chinese food.
Li is a craftsperson in a rural area of Southwest China's Sichuan Province. Different from others, she is fond of showing the whole process from the field to the table. For example, in her video about spicy tofu, she starts with harvesting the soya beans, grinding them into powder and making tofu, and then cooks it. Her work also includes building a homemade oven to bake bread.
Like the rest of us, Li was probably not born with skills to create the things we see in her videos, but she used everything and everybody around her as a teacher. Li never attended college, but she showed us how useful self-learning can be in an age of plenty of learning resources.
Li lets the world see one of the most important aspects of the Chinese people and how they live their daily lives. She lets the world know that Chinese people love good food and are good at making art out of even simple raw materials, which have caught the hearts of her global audience.
Moreover, Li's charming videos show the simple joys of country living, which she can improve by using her head, heart and hands. While others become the product of their environment, she turns her surroundings into her product. Others see problems and feel frustrated, while Li goes and fixes them. We, therefore, can choose to be inspired by her, to seek the artistic solution and enjoy the creativity, joy and relaxation that “doing” life could offer.
4.What is special about Li's videos?
A.Baking bread in a modern way.
B.Both on YouTube and Sina Weibo.
C.Mixing Chinese with western food.
D.Showing planting and cooking processes.
5.What has interested global audience in Paragraph 4?
A.Traditional Chinese tofu.
B.Turning daily life into art.
C.Chinese people's country life.
D.The detailed cooking programme.
6.The author suggests that we should 　　　. 
A.enjoy watching Li's videos
B.fix the broken things by ourselves
C.use surroundings to improve our lives
D.have the simple joys of country living
7.What is the author's attitude to Li's videos?
A.Favorable.　　B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful.　　D.Negative.
C
It's said that every Irish “mammy” has her own way to cook Irish stew(炖菜). Simple but satisfying, it has fed the poor over centuries, which makes it a national dish.
The ingredients tell the story. First up, there's the “spud”, as the Irish call the potato. First brought to Ireland in the 16th century, it was an unbelievable food, providing bumper crops that could be stored over the cold winter months. Soon, everyone was eating it—for breakfast, lunch and tea.
With the arrival of the spud, the population increased from one million to eight million in less than three centuries. But this dependence on the vegetable would prove disastrous when crops were struck by disease in the 1840s. The great famine(饥荒)that followed killed over a million people—and forced millions more to run to other countries. It's hard to believe that during the years of famine, Ireland continued to export huge quantities of food to Great Britain, its colonial master at the time.
Today, Ireland is an independent nation. Nobody thinks about the potato famine as they enjoy their Irish stew but there's a bone-deep awareness of the country's long connection with the spud.
Potatoes are all well and good, but the stew gets its taste from the meat. It used to be made with mutton as it was the only meat available to the poor. However, the only way to make it good enough to eat was to stew it in the pot for hours.
Today, most people use lamb. However, this remains slightly traditional among purists, who also criticize(批评)the addition of ingredients like carrots, parsnips, thyme and supermarket-bought materials.
8.Why was the potato called an unbelievable food in the 16th century?
A.It could be accepted by both the poor and the rich.
B.It could be cooked into many delicious dishes.
C.It could be kept for a long time.
D.It could grow in winter in Ireland.
9.What did the dependence on the potato lead to in the 1840s?
A.The growing population.
B.A very serious famine.
C.A war between Ireland and Britain.
D.Millions of people rushing to Ireland.
10.What is the most important step when cooking Irish stew?
A.Stewing the dish for hours. B.Using enough potatoes.
C.Picking up the high-quality lamb. D.Adding different kinds of ingredients.
11.What is this text mainly about?
A.Ways to cook Irish stew.
B.The present situation of Irish stew.
C.The importance of potatoes.
D.An Irish national dish about potatoes.
D
What's your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can't get enough of them.
Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.
“We have always assumed that the liking drives intake—we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.
But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.
In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin(辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it.
By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and how participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found more otherwise. “It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained.
12.What's the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph?
A.Dislike.　　 B.Fear. C.Put up with.　　D.Adapt to.
13.What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study?
A.What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.
B.Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.
C.Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.
D.People are wrong to treat “spicy” as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.
14.Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study?
A.Because their taste has become less sensitive.
B.Because they love the burning feeling.
C.Because they want to challenge themselves.
D.Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns.
15.What's the main idea of the passage?
A.What one likes to eat mainly depends on one's personality.
B.Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one's personality.
C.One's personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.
D.Different people have different taste.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Living the light life
Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty, fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
　16　 According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China's restaurants and online delivery platforms. 
　17　 According to a report released by Meituan, a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year. 
Having a light meal doesn't mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food.　18　 Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light meal. 
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight.　19　 “After eating several light meals, I feel my appetite is becoming poor. I now prefer light flavors,” Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes. 
These changes in eating behavior are connected with deeper changes in how people think about food. Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long-term well-being.
　20　 It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts. 
A.It is important that you go on a diet based on your own needs.
B.Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruit and vegetables.
C.So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal.
D.To avoid putting on weight, diners are willing to try every means.
E.The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals.
F.That's probably why so many people, especially young adults, are into them.
G.The recent rise of light meals, however, gives diners a smarter choice.
16.　　　 17.　　　 18.　　　 19.　　　 20.　　　 

第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节　(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
England is a highly developed country. Many people think its people lead a luxurious(奢侈的) life.
One day my friend and I 　21　 a restaurant. There was a table where a young couple was having their meal. There were 　22　 two dishes and two cans of beer on the table. 
There were a few old ladies on another table. When a dish was 　23　, they would finish every bit of the food on their plate. 
As we were hungry, my friend 　24　 much food for us. When we left, there was still about one third of food 　25　on the table. 
When we were leaving the restaurant, the old ladies spoke to us in English. We understood that they were 　26　 about us wasting so much food. 
“We 　27　 our food, and it is none of your business.” My friend told the old ladies 　28　. The old ladies were angry. One of them immediately took her phone out and 　29　 a call to someone. 
After a while, a man 　30　 uniform from Social Security Organization(社会保障组织), looking like a policeman, arrived. Upon knowing what had happened, he gave us a 50 euro(欧元) fine, which surprised us. 
The officer told us in a serious voice, “　31　 is yours but resources belong to society. There are many poor people in the world who are 　32　 hunger. So you have no 　33　 to waste resources.” 
Their attitude to eating makes both of us feel a sense of 　34　. We really need to reflect on this. We have been given a lesson: Yes, money is yours but resources belong to the society. We can't 　35　 to waste them. 
21.A.opened up　　B.walked into
C.called on　 　D.left out
22.A.already　　B.still
C.only　　 D.even
23.A.served　　B.taken
C.eaten　　 D.bought
24.A.borrowed　　B.cooked
C.ordered　　D.checked
25.A.finished　　B.undone
C.moved　　D.untouched
26.A.unhappy　　B.satisfied
C.confused　　D.amazed
27.A.looked for　　B.paid for
C.left behind　　D.applied for
28.A.politely　　B.actually
C.rudely　　D.fluently
29.A.survived　　B.contacted
C.injured　　D.made
30.A.in　　B.of C.at　　D.on
31.A.Money　　B.Decision
C.Right　　D.Freedom
32.A.thinking about　　B.suffering from
C.working out　 　D.putting away
33.A.reason　　 B.purpose
C.method　　D.opinion
34.A.interest　　B.trouble
C.joy　　D.shame
35.A.afford　　B.begin
C.expect　　D.show
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mochi(年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 　36　 (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged in the New Year. 
Mochi is made by 　37　(put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex, some of　38　 are stuffed with sweet fillings.Mochi is often decorated with 　39　(flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 　40　 gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year. 
Traditionally, wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵) 　41　(use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 　42　 a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft 　43　 it hardens quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or shaped into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it's 　44　 (good) to cook it soon than to keep it in your fridge. 
Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 　45　 (choke) on it. 
36.　　　 37.　　　 38.　　　 39.　　　 40.　　　  
41.　　　 42.　　　 43.　　　 44.　　　 45.　　　 
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节　(满分15分)
　　假定你是李华,得知你的外国朋友Mark对中国美食很感兴趣,决定暑假来中国学做中国菜。请你给他写封信,内容包括:
1.对Mark的决定点赞;
2.简要介绍中国美食;
3.邀请他到你家做客。
注意:
1.词数为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
第二节　(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat dirty. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We carefully began a conversation and spoke about a lot of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,
“May I get you something?”
“A coffee would be nice.”
Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked,
“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”
“Who?”
“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men!
　　注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life.　 　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
Paragraph 2:
Several days later, I was delighted to receive a letter informing me that I was employed.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 





单元达标检测
1.D
2.B
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.C
9.B
10.A
11.D
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.B
16.G
17.E
18.B
19.F
20.C
21.B
22.C
23.A
24.C
25.D
26.A
27.B
28.C
29.D
30.A
31.A
32.B
33.A
34.D
35.A
第一部分　阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国、加拿大、英国和日本四个国家早餐吃的东西。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句On busy weekdays, most people in the US like to eat cereal with milk, bread and fruit for breakfast.可知,在繁忙的工作日,大多数美国人喜欢早餐吃麦片加牛奶、面包和水果,故选D项。根据第二段第一句中的a good Sunday morning starts with scrambled eggs, crispy bacon or juicy sausages, and soft pancakes with butter and sweet syrup on top可知,A项和B项是美国人周日的早餐;C项中“ham”在The US下面未提及。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,槭糖浆在加拿大很受欢迎,故选B项。其余三个国家中均未提及槭糖浆。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的A basic British breakfast consists of fried eggs, bacon, sausages, mushrooms, baked(烤的) beans, and tomatoes. These foods are popular among young people in Britain. Usually, British people have coffee, tea or milk to drink. Some people also like to drink orange juice.可知,基本的英式早餐包括煎蛋、培根、香肠、蘑菇、烤豆和西红柿。这些食物很受英国年轻人的欢迎。通常,英国人喝咖啡、茶或牛奶。有些人也喜欢喝橙汁。所以英式早餐包括煎蛋、培根、香肠、蘑菇、烤豆、西红柿、咖啡、茶、牛奶和橙汁,故选D项。A项中的“scrambled eggs”不属于英式早餐;B项中的“sausages with sweet syrup”的信息文中未提及;C项中的“noodles”不属于英式早餐。
【高频词汇】　1.common adj.通常的;普通的;一般的　2.bacon n.培根;咸猪肉;腌猪肉　3.producer n.原产国;生产者;制作人,制片人　4.be similar to 与……相似　5.consist of 由……组成
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国才女李子柒把自己做中国美食时的从种植到烹饪的全过程用视频记录了下来,并发表在大众媒体上,受到了全世界的关注。她这种把生活艺术化的生活方式很值得我们每个人学习。
4.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Different from others, she is fond of showing the whole process from the field to the table.可知,与其他人不同,她喜欢展示从菜地到桌子的整个过程。所以李子柒的视频的独特之处在于它们展示了做一种美食从种植到烹饪的全过程,故选D。根据第二段最后一句Her work also includes building a homemade oven to bake bread.可知,自制烤箱烤面包是她的作品之一,所以A项信息与原文不符;文章提到的是“YouTube上的700万观众和新浪微博上的2,000万博主”,但没有说在这两个平台发布是李子柒视频的独特之处,所以B项信息与原文不符;C项“中西方食物的混合”的信息文中未提及。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句She lets the world know that Chinese people love good food and are good at making art out of even simple raw materials, which have caught the hearts of her global audience.可知,她让世界知道,中国人喜欢美食,善于用简单的原材料制作艺术,这吸引了全球观众的心。也就是说她把日常生活变成了艺术,这使得全球的观众都对她感兴趣,故选B。A项“传统的中国豆腐”,C项“中国人的乡村生活”和D项“详细的烹饪程序”都不是第四段中的信息。
6.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句While others become the product of their environment, she turns her surroundings into her product.可知,当其他人成为他们环境的产物时,她把周围的环境变成了她的产品;结合最后一句We, therefore, can choose to be inspired by her, to seek the artistic solution and enjoy the creativity, joy and relaxation that “doing” life could offer.可知,我们可以选择受到她的启发,寻求艺术的解决方案,享受“过”生活所能提供的创造力、快乐和放松。由此推断出,作者暗示我们应该利用我们的环境来改善我们的生活。故选C。A项“(我们应该)喜欢看李子柒的视频”的信息原文未提及。根据最后一段第三句Others see problems and feel frustrated, while Li goes and fixes them.可知,其他人看到问题并感到沮丧,而李子柒去解决它们,作者是将李子柒的做法与其他人作比较,B项“我们应该自己修复那些破碎的东西”不是作者建议的内容。根据最后一段第一句中的Li's charming videos show the simple joys of country living可知,李子柒的令人着迷的视频展示了乡村生活的简单乐趣,但综合全文来看,作者主要并不是建议我们去拥有这种乡村生活的简单乐趣。
7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句We, therefore, can choose to be inspired by her, to seek the artistic solution and enjoy the creativity, joy and relaxation that “doing” life could offer.可知,我们可以选择受到她的启发,寻求艺术性的解决方案,享受“过”生活所能提供的创造力、快乐和放松。所以作者是在号召我们向李子柒学习,由此推断出,作者对李子柒的视频是非常赞同的。A项意为“赞同的”;B项意为“漠不关心的”;C项意为“怀疑的”;D项意为“否定的”,故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.platform n.平台;月台,站台　2.aspect n.方面;样子;朝向　3.raw adj.未经加工的;生的　4.charming adj.令人着迷的;迷人的;可爱的　5.surroundings n.环境　6.frustrated adj.受挫的;沮丧的;失意的


原句　She lets the world know that Chinese people love good food and are good at making art out of even simple raw materials, which have caught the hearts of her global audience.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句,作know的宾语;which引导的是非限制性定语从句,which指代前面的that从句的内容。
句意　她让世界知道,中国人喜欢美食并善于用甚至很简单的原材料制作艺术,这吸引了全球观众的心。
C
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱尔兰与土豆有关的一道国菜,土豆在历史上发挥的重要的影响和作用,以及这道国菜的烹饪方法。
8.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句First brought to Ireland in the 16th century, it was an unbelievable food, providing bumper crops that could be stored over the cold winter months.可知,它在16世纪首次被带到爱尔兰,是一种令人难以置信的食物,提供了大丰收,可以在寒冷的冬天储存。由此可知,土豆在16世纪被称为令人难以置信的食物是因为它可以保存很长时间,故选C。根据第二段最后一句Soon, everyone was eating it—for breakfast, lunch and tea.可知,每个人都吃它,作为早餐、午餐和茶点,但这与题目不能构成因果关系,所以排除A项“它可以被穷人和富人接受”;B项“它可以被煮成许多美味的菜肴”和D项“它可以在爱尔兰的冬天生长”的信息原文未提及。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二、三句可知,这种对蔬菜的依赖在19世纪40年代农作物遭受病害袭击时,却带来了灾难性的后果。随后发生的大饥荒导致100多万人死亡,并迫使数百万人逃往其他国家。由此可知,19世纪40年代对土豆的依赖导致了非常严重的饥荒,故选B。根据第三段第一句可知,随着土豆的到来,在不到三个世纪的时间里,人口从100万增加到800万。所以A项“人口的增长”是土豆的到来带来的结果;C项信息在文中未提及;根据第三段第三句中的forced millions more to run to other countries可知,数百万人逃往其他国家而不是爱尔兰,所以D项信息与原文不符。
10.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句However, the only way to make it good enough to eat was to stew it in the pot for hours.可知,让它好吃的唯一方法是在锅里炖几个小时。由此可知,做爱尔兰炖菜最重要的步骤是炖好几个小时,故选A。B项“用足够的土豆”;C项“挑选优质羊肉”;D项“加入不同种类的配料”。
11.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段提到了爱尔兰炖菜是一种民族美食。结合全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了爱尔兰与土豆有关的国菜,土豆在历史上重要的影响和作用,以及国菜的烹饪方法。由此推断出D项“与土豆有关的爱尔兰国菜”符合文章的主旨。A项“爱尔兰炖菜的方法”和C项“土豆的重要性”是文章提及的两个方面的内容,不能概括全文;B项“爱尔兰炖菜的现状”的信息文章未提及。
【高频词汇】　1.national adj.国家的;民族的　2.unbelievable adj.难以置信的;不可信的　3.dependence n.依赖;依靠 4.export v.输出;出口　5.awareness n.意识,认识;明白


原句　It's hard to believe that during the years of famine, Ireland continued to export huge quantities of food to Great Britain, its colonial master at the time.
分析　本句为“It is+形容词+动词不定式”句型,其中It作形式主语,动词不定式 to believe that...作真正的主语;that引导的是宾语从句,作动词believe的宾语;during the years of famine为时间状语,its colonial master at the time是Great Britain的同位语。
句意　令人难以置信的是,在饥荒的那些年里,爱尔兰还在继续向它当时的殖民主子大不列颠输出大量的食物。
D
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟一个人的性格有关。
12.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it.中的while意为“而,然而”,表示对比,所以推断出loathe应该与love意思相对。A项意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,符合语境。 B项意为“害怕”;C项意为“忍受”;D项意为“适应;改变”,均与语境不符。
13.C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.可知,这让科学家们认为,也许人们对辛辣食物的喜爱是由于对刺激的渴望,人们通常从看动作片或坐过山车中获得刺激;结合倒数第二段中的those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water可知,那些喜欢看动作片或冒险的人喜欢辣味水的可能性是其他人的六倍。由此推断出,那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人可能会更喜欢辣味的食物,反向推之可知C项信息与原文相符。根据第二段最后一句中的But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality可知,最新的研究发现,一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能与他(她)的性格有关,所以文章提到了性格,但与A项“实际上我们吃的东西有助于培养我们的个性”的内容不符;B项“男性比女性更喜欢吃辣的食物”的信息原文未提及;根据第四段前两句可知,但是在你看研究之前,你应该首先知道辣不是一种味道,不像酸、甜、苦和咸的味道。事实上,它是你在舌头表面感受到的一种强烈的感觉,所以D项“人们错误地把辣当作一种味道,而不是一种感觉”不是研究的发现,是研究之前就存在的事实。
14.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you actually learn to like the burning feeling可知,人们喜欢吃辣的食物是因为人们喜欢强烈的感觉。所以B项信息与原文相符。根据最后一段第一句Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.可知,我们过去认为有些人之所以能忍受辛辣食物,是因为他们的舌头对辛辣食物不那么敏感了,所以A项是过去的思想而不是最新研究的发现;C项“因为他们想挑战自己”和D项“因为他们越尝试辣的食物,它越不辣”的信息原文未提及。
15.B　主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.可知,最新研究发现,人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟性格有关。结合整篇文章的内容可知,文章主要是对此研究做出了具体说明,所以B项符合文章的主旨。文章只提及了“辛辣食物”,所以A项“一个人喜欢吃什么主要取决于他的性格”范围广,超出了文章的主旨范围。C项“个人经历与口味无关”和D项“不同的人有不同的口味”均与文章主旨不符。
【高频词汇】　1.be related to 与……有关　2.affect vt.影响;使感染;感动　3.personality n.性格;个性　4.bother v.花费精力/时间(做某事)　5.bring about 引起;导致;发生　6.participant n.参与者,参加者


原句　By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and how participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
分析　本句为主从复合句。By...spicy water为介词短语作状语,其中how引导宾语从句,由and连接与the answers to the questionnaire并列;that those...是that引导的宾语从句,作动词found的宾语;who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those。
句意　通过比较调查问卷的答案和参与者们说的他们对辣味水的感觉,研究人员发现那些喜欢看动作片或冒险的人喜欢辣味水的可能性约是其他人的六倍。
第二节
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。据《经济日报》报道,低热量、低脂肪、高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎,这种餐食被称为轻食餐。文章说明了轻食餐的流行情况以及其对人体健康的好处。
16.G　根据后文可知,据《经济日报》报道,低热量、低脂肪、高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎;结合上文最后一句中的We are used to choosing hearty, fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts可知此处是一个承上启下的句子,所以G项“然而,最近轻食餐的兴起给就餐者提供了更明智的选择”符合语境。故选G。
17.E　根据后文可知,据主要的在线送餐平台美团发布的一份报告显示,网上订购的轻食餐数量也比去年增长了75%。由此推断出,提供轻食餐的餐厅数量在迅速增加。所以E项“这个国家出现了专门提供轻食餐的餐馆的迅速扩张”符合语境,引起下文。故选E。
18.B　根据后文Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light meal.可知,健康的营养物是轻食餐的主题。由此可知,本句应当是说明轻食餐里包含哪些健康的食物,B项中“boiled meat, whole grains, fruit and vegetables”与“Healthy nutrients”呼应,所以B项“相反,它包含像煮肉、全谷物、水果和蔬菜这样的东西”符合语境,承上启下。故选B。
19.F　根据上文These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight.可知,这些菜对保持健康和控制体重很有用。由此可知,上文是在说明轻食餐受欢迎的原因,所以F项“那可能就是为什么那么多人,尤其是年轻人喜欢它们”符合语境,承接上文。故选F。
20.C　根据后文It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.可知,它不仅能满足你的胃,还能满足你的心。由此可知,上文指出了轻食餐的种种好处,本段是文章最后一段,有总结上文和提出建议的作用,所以本句是在建议吃一次轻食餐。故C项“所以下次你和朋友聚会的时候,试着吃一次轻食餐”符合语境,承上启下。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.delivery n.递送;交付　2.release vt.发布;释放;放开　3.previous adj.(时间上)稍前的;先前的　4.typical adj.典型的;特有的　5.appetite n.食欲;胃口

第二部分　语言运用
第一节　
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在一家英国的餐厅就餐时点了很多食物,造成了浪费,这引起了餐厅里一群老太太的反对,结果作者和他的朋友被罚款,理由是钱是他们的,但是资源是属于整个社会的,我们任何人都不能浪费资源。
21.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:一天,我和朋友走进一家餐馆。 A.opened up打开;B.walked into走进;C.called on号召;D.left out遗漏。根据下文的“There was a table where a young couple was having their meal.”推知,作者和朋友走进一家餐馆吃饭。故选B。
22.C　考查副词词义辨析。句意:桌子上只有两道菜和两罐啤酒。 A.already已经;B.still仍然;C.only只有;D.even甚至。根据“two dishes and two cans of beer on the table”和语境可知,他们点的东西很少,只有两道菜和两罐啤酒。故选C。
23.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意:当一道菜被端上来的时候,她们会把盘子里的食物全部吃光。A.served端上,提供;B.taken带着;C.eaten吃;D.bought买。根据“they would finish every bit of the food on their plate”可知,当菜被端上来时,老太太们就把盘子里的食物全部吃光。故选A。
24.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为我们饿了,我的朋友给我们点了许多食物。A.borrowed借;B.cooked做饭;C.ordered点餐;D.checked核实。由上下文可知此处指作者的朋友点菜。故选C。
25.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当我们离开时,桌子上还有大约三分之一的食物没吃。 A.finished完成的;B.undone未完成的;C.moved感动的;D.untouched未食用的。由下一段中的“wasting so much food”可知此处指有大约三分之一的食物没吃。故选D。
26.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们知道她们对我们浪费这么多食物感到不高兴。A.unhappy不高兴的;B.satisfied满意的;C.confused困惑的;D.amazed惊讶的。根据下文老太太们的做法可知,因为他们浪费食物,这些老太太不高兴。故选A。
27.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:“我们付了饭钱,这不关你们的事。”A.looked for寻找;B.paid for为……付钱;C.left behind丢下;D.applied for申请。根据“and it is none of your business”可知,作者和朋友认为自己为所吃的饭菜付了钱,与那些老太太无关。故选B。
28.C　考查副词词义辨析。句意:我的朋友粗鲁地对老太太说。A.politely礼貌地;B.actually实际上;C.rudely粗鲁地;D.fluently流利地。根据“and it is none of your business”和“The old ladies were angry.”可知,作者的朋友的说话方式很粗鲁。故选C。
29.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意:她们中的一个人立即拿出手机给某人打了个电话。根据下文可知,这里指老太太打电话给社会保障组织。make a call意为“打电话”。故选D。
30.A　考查介词词义辨析。句意:过了一会儿,来了一个社会保障组织的人,穿着制服,看上去像个警察。 A.in穿着;B.of关于;C.at在;D.on在……上面。根据“looking like a policeman”可知,来了一个穿着制服的人。in uniform意为“穿着制服”。故选A。
31.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意:警官严肃地告诉我们:“钱是你们的,但资源是属于社会的……”A.Money钱;B.Decision决定;C.Right权利;D.Freedom自由。根据下文的“Yes, money is yours but resources belong to the society.”可知选A。
32.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:世界上有许多穷人正在遭受饥饿的痛苦。A.thinking about考虑;B.suffering from遭受;C.working out锻炼;D.putting away把……收起来。根据常识可知,这里指世界上还有许多遭受饥饿的穷人。故选B。
33.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意:所以你没有理由浪费资源。A.reason理由;B.purpose目的;C.method方法;D.opinion观点。结合上文的理解,因为有很多人在挨饿,所以没有理由浪费资源。故选A。
34.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对饮食的态度使我们俩都感到羞愧。A.interest兴趣;B.trouble麻烦;C.joy喜悦;D.shame羞愧。根据“We really need to reflect on this.”可知,英国人对饮食的态度让作者和朋友很羞愧。故选D。
35.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们浪费不起它们。A.afford承担得起;B.begin开始;C.expect期待;D.show展示。根据“resources belong to the society”可知,资源属于社会,我们浪费不起。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.none of your business 不关你的事;别管闲事　2.uniform n.制服 adj.统一的;一致的　3.security n.安全,安全工作;保证　4.resource n.资源,财力　5.reflect on认真思考;沉思　6.belong to 属于
第二节
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种流行于中国和日本烹饪的传统食物——年糕,介绍了年糕的制作过程、食用以及保存方法。
36.specially　考查副词。句意:年糕是一种流行于中国和日本烹饪的传统食物,由特殊处理的大米制成。根据句意可知,设空处修饰形容词treated,所以用副词specially。故填specially。
37.putting　考查非谓语动词。句意:年糕的制作方法是将糯米放入水中过夜,煮熟,再捣成黏的面团。根据介词by可知,此处用动名词作宾语。故填putting。
38.which　考查定语从句。句意:从简单的到复杂的,面团可以被做成各种形状,有些里面塞了甜甜的馅。分析句型结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词shapes,且关系代词作介词of的宾语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
39.flowers　考查名词的数。句意:年糕经常用鲜花或水果来装饰,尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。flower为可数名词,空前无冠词,故此处应用复数形式。故填flowers。
40.a　考查冠词。句意见上一题。gift为可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且gift的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
41.are used　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意:传统上,木制的臼和杵被用来捣年糕米。此处是陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时,且主语与use构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵),所以谓语动词用复数形式。故填are used。
42.with　考查介词。句意:新鲜的年糕常常是煮熟的,并热着和各种各样的酱一起被端上来。根据句意可知,此处表示“和……一起”,所以用介词with。故填with。
43.but　考查连词。句意:新鲜的年糕很软,但硬得很快。根据soft和hardens可知,前后表示转折关系,故用but。
44.better　考查形容词比较级。句意:年糕很容易变坏,所以最好早点煮,不要把它放在冰箱里。根据后文“than to keep it in your fridge”可知,此处用形容词比较级。故填better。
45.to choke　考查非谓语动词。句意:煮熟的年糕很黏,所以小心不要被它噎着了。根据句意可知,此处表示“小心不要做某事”,结合形容词careful的用法可知,此处构成be careful not to do sth.。故填to choke。
【高频词汇】　1.present vt.展现;颁发;赠送;提出　2.in the form of 以……的形式　3.range from...to...从……到……变化 4.complex adj.复杂的;合成的　5.available adj.可购得的;可获得的;可找到的
第三部分　写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Mark,
How are you doing?I'm glad to hear that you're coming to China to learn to cook Chinese food during the summer vacation. You're great.
Chinese food is famous for its delicious taste and diverse cooking methods, which appeals to foreigners. More and more people fall in love with it. I think you made the right decision. This is an enjoyable experience, and you will learn a lot and have a great time.
I hope you'll be able to visit me during your stay in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
写作指导
故事要素
Time
One morning more than thirty years ago
Place
the Track Kitchen(a restaurant)
Character
I, Mr. Galbreath, my friend
情节
Beginning
作者在一家餐厅里遇到一个没刮胡子且看起来有点脏的老人。作者和他谈了很多,但是他们没有做自我介绍。
Developing
作者请他喝了咖啡,最后作者离开时遇到了朋友,朋友告诉作者那个老人是Churchill Downs董事会的主席。
续写方向
Para. 1
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life.
①作者会遭遇什么事?
②作者是如何再次遇见Galbreath先生的?
③Galbreath先生会给作者带来怎样的改变?
Para. 2
Several days later, I was delighted to receive a letter informing me that I was employed.
①作者得到工作后的心情怎样?
②Galbreath是如何鼓励他的?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Several months later, I became jobless as my company went bankrupt. The following days saw my struggling to hunt for another suitable job. Then one day, I came across Mr. Galbreath who happened to be my interviewer. I was too nervous to say a word. “Come on, my boy,” Mr. Galbreath said to me in an encouraging voice. Motivated by him, I gathered my courage and made it to the last question confidently.
Paragraph 2:
Several days later, I was delighted to receive a letter informing me that I was employed. I burst into laughter, my eyes shining with excitement. Just as I was sharing the good news with my wife, the telephone rang. “Congratulations! My boy!” the voice of Mr. Galbreath came from the other end of the line. “Thank you for your recognition, Mr. Galbreath,” I said gratefully. “You deserve the position and the salary! You treat everyone with respect and you'll be rewarded with the same kindness and sincerity,” Mr. Galbreath replied.