Unit 3　The art of painting Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第一册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Unit 3　The art of painting

Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.China has made many achievements in improving its economy and people's living conditions in the past 　　　(十年). 

2.Those with a 　　　(生动的) imagination tend to stand out in some creative work. 

3.Jackson outlined his 　　　(想象) of a world where there would be no wars. 

4.The victims of the landslide in Taiwan are 　　　(主要地) from Guangdong. 

5.Scientists are afraid that some day an even bigger earthquake will s　　　 the area. 

6.She wants her paintings d　　　 in the gallery, but we don't think they would be very popular. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

look forward to;be struck by;take up;result in;as opposed to;be similar to

1.Many students don't know what to 　　　　　　at university. 

2.He wanted the man he 　　　　　　to stay with him. 

3.Tom 　　　　　　Peter in height though they are of different ages. 

4.The speed of communications today, 　　　　　　that of yesterday, has greatly changed the way business today is conducted. 

5.Visitors 　　　　　　the natural scenery of Jiuzhaigou, which was beautiful beyond description. 

6.A number of new machines were introduced, 　　　　　　an increase in production. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Before 　　　　(liberate) many people could not read or write. 

2.No composer was considered 　　　　(worth) of the name until he had written an opera.  

3.The professor 　　　　(oppose) to carrying out the project made a comment on the report. 

4.Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find 　　　　(employ).  

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.从山顶上看,这座城市显得更美丽。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 

2.我正是因为交通堵塞才来晚的。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　the traffic jam that I came late. 

3.不管你对这个城市有多了解,你都容易迷路。

No matter how well you know this city, 　　　　　　　　　　　　get lost. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

I was 　1　(please) to visit the Mus?e d'Orsay located in an old railway building,

 　2　(feature) some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.  

The artists who made the deepest 　3　(impress) on me were two of the greatest Impressionist 　4　(painter), Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Monet was

　5　 (great) inspired by nature and in the last three decades of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden, one of 　6　 is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies. 　7　, Renoir preferred to paint scenes of everyday life, for example, his 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette showing life in 　8　 busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday afternoon. 

The Impressionists' vision influenced not only a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, whose works are also displayed at the Mus?e d'Orsay, but 　9　 modern art, 　10　(encourage) artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020北京首师大附中高一下期中,)

Van Gogh painted sunflowers for the first time in the summer of 1886. Two years later, his interest appeared again after he settled in Arles. After he had invited the French artist Paul Gauguin, whom he admired, to join his Studio of the South, he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he was living in, not far from the town's railway station.

Gauguin accepted Van Gogh's invitation. When he began dragging his feet, Van Gogh painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival that autumn. “Van Gogh saw the Sunflowers for Gauguin's bedroom as a way of attracting his friend to come from Brittany,” says Bailey.

According to Martin Gayford, Gauguin was very surprised by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised and asked for as a gift. Years later, Gauguin himself painted some sunflower pictures.

Van Gogh's Sunflowers stand for his relationship with Gauguin. “I think he painted them for the joy of it,” says Jansen. “Van Gogh was at the height of his powers in the summer of 1888,” explains Bailey. “He painted the Sunflowers quickly and with great energy and confidence.” Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in late August, “I'm painting quickly now, and it won't surprise you when it's a question of painting large sunflowers.”

Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something important and that his sunflowers were so different. As he told Theo in January 1889, while other artists were known for painting other flowers, the sunflower was his. This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of Van Gogh's Sunflowers today.

1.Van Gogh painted sunflowers in 1888 in order to 　　　. 

A.give them to Gauguin

B.make his living

C.decorate his house

D.show his artistic talent to others

2.Where were the last two Sunflowers placed by Van Gogh?

A.In the British museum.

B.In Gauguin's bedroom.

C.In the town's railway station.

D.In a rich businessman's house.

3.How did Gauguin feel about Van Gogh's painting—the Sunflowers?

A.Very bad.　　         B.Just so-so.

C.Rather worried.　　D.Quite surprised.

4.From the last two paragraphs we can learn that 　　　. 

A.Van Gogh was not good at painting large sunflowers

B.Van Gogh had much trouble in painting the Sunflowers

C.Van Gogh didn't like his Sunflowers at all at that time

D.Van Gogh realized the Sunflowers would make him known

B

(2021江西南康中学高一月考,)

Girl with a Pearl Earring has been part of the Mauritshuis's collection in Hague since 1902 and is still on display at the museum. Rumours(谣言)have surrounded Johannes Vermeer's work ever since it was rediscovered in the late 19th century, and this painting still continues to generate interest, debate and imagination.

Although Vermeer was among the most successful artists working in Delft during the 17th century, he was almost completely forgotten after his death in 1675. Even during his lifetime, Vermeer's influence was mainly limited to Delft where he earned a reasonable living as a painter and art dealer. What's more, Vermeer's name is rarely mentioned in historical records and he left behind barely any other documents about his career or personal history.

Very little is known about Girl with a Pearl Earring. However, art historians have decided several important facts about the painting. Recent research suggests that the black, negative space behind Vermeer's model was originally painted dark green.

Much like other artists of his time, Vermeer enjoyed painting figures dressed in Middle Eastern clothes. As his model wears a turban(头巾帽), many art historians argue that the Vermeer's painting shouldn't be considered as a portrait at all. Instead, most scholars agree that Girl with a Pearl Earring belongs to a kind of painting called Tronie that began in the Low Countries around Vermeer's time. This type of artwork often portrays(描绘)characters rather than actual people. It portrays a certain type of character; in this case a girl in fanciful dress, wearing an oriental turban and an improbably large pearl in her ear.

It is interesting to note that the painting was known as Girl with Turban or simply Young Girl for most of its existence and only received its current name less than a century ago. While it is impossible to identify Vermeer's model, due to a complete lack of evidence, he may have asked one of his seven daughters to sit for the painting.

5.What do we learn about Johannes Vermeer when he was alive?

A.He lived a very hard life.

B.He wasn't a gifted artist.

C.He liked writing about himself.

D.He wasn't much known out of his city.

6.What makes some scholars regard Girl with a Pearl Earring as a work of Tronie?

A.The girl's special expression.

B.The girl's unusual dress.

C.The model's unclear gesture.

D.The model's background painting.

7.What can we know about the painting from the last paragraph?

A.Its model remains mysterious.

B.Its name is still controversial.

C.It was severely damaged a century ago.

D.It was inspired by a daughter of the artist.

8.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Life experiences of Johannes Vermeer

B.The model of Girl with a Pearl Earring

C.The story behind Girl with a Pearl Earring

D.Characteristics of Johannes Vermeer's paintings

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021江苏南京师大附中高二上模拟,)

Leonardo da Vinci and Nature

In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 　1　 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 　2　 

Mathematics was also connected with music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described with numbers. 　3　 More than that, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.” 

“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 　4　 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it into beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. 

　5　 His quick little sketches(素描), often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and a ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. 

A.Leonardo was always drawing.

B.How could these be connected with art?

C.Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.

D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.

E.Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.

F.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.

G.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

Unit 3　The art of painting

Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.decade　2.vivid　3.vision　4.mostly　5.strike     6.displayed

Ⅱ.1.take up　2.was looking forward to　3.is similar to　4.as opposed to　5.were struck by　6.resulting in

Ⅲ.1.liberation　考查名词。句意:解放前,许多人不会识字,也不会写字。此处Before为介词,后接名词作宾语。故填liberation。

2.worthy　考查形容词。句意:作曲家直到写出一部歌剧来才被认为名副其实。根据介词of可知,应用形容词worthy构成固定搭配。故填worthy。

3.opposed　考查形容词。句意:那位反对执行该计划的教授对报告作了评论。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词化了的过去分词作定语。故填opposed。

4.employment　考查名词。句意:毕业生感到找工作越来越难。动词find后接名词作宾语。故填employment。

Ⅳ.1.Seen from the top　2.It was because of　3.it is easy to

Ⅴ.1.pleased　考查形容词。系动词was后接形容词作表语,且主语I指人,所以应用形容词pleased。be pleased to do sth.表示“乐于做某事”,故填pleased。

2.featuring　考查非谓语动词。feature表示“以……为特色”,与the Mus?e d'Orsay之间为主动关系,故此处应用现在分词作状语。故填featuring。

3.impression　考查名词。形容词最高级deepest后接名词。故填impression。

4.painters　考查名词复数。根据two of可知,这里用名词复数。故填painters。

5.greatly　考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。故填greatly。

6.which　考查定语从句。由前面的逗号以及one of可知,这里为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的scenes,故填which。

7.However　考查副词。根据上下文可知,这里叙述的是两位画家不同的绘画风格,且空格后有逗号,因此however“然而”符合语境。故填However。

8.a　考查冠词。此处表示泛指,busy以辅音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。

9.also　考查固定结构。分析可知此处为not only...but also...结构,故填also。

10.encouraging　考查非谓语动词。前文已有谓语动词influenced,所以此处应用非谓语动词,提示词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填encouraging。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名画家凡·高的绘画作品《向日葵》的创作背景。

1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he was living in可知,他画向日葵的目的是为他居住的黄色房屋内的被粉刷成白色的墙壁增添色彩。因此凡·高1888年画向日葵是为了装饰他的房子,故选C。A项“把它们送给高更”;B项“谋生”;D项“向他人展示他的艺术天赋”。

2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Gauguin accepted Van Gogh's invitation...Van Gogh painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival that autumn.可知,高更接受了凡·高的邀请……凡·高为那间简朴的卧室画了他最早的四幅《向日葵》画作的最后两幅,在那个秋天,他的客人到达后就可以睡在那间卧室里。句中his guest指代高更,由此可知,凡·高把最后两幅《向日葵》画作放在了高更的卧室里,故选B。

3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,据马丁·盖福德说,高更对《向日葵》画作感到非常惊讶,他一再赞美并索要它们作为礼物,故选D。A项“很差劲”;B项“一般”;C项“很担心”。

4.D　推理判断题。根据第五段可知,凡·高立刻意识到自己创造出了有价值的东西,出自他手的向日葵是如此与众不同。正如他在1889年1月对西奥说的,尽管其他艺术家以画其他花卉而闻名,但向日葵是他的。这解释了为什么凡·高的《向日葵》在今天如此受欢迎。由此可见,凡·高对自己的作品很有自信,意识到《向日葵》会让他闻名遐迩。故选D。由第四段最后一句可知,凡·高在信中说他作画的速度很快,画大向日葵也得心应手,故排除A项(凡·高不擅长画大向日葵);由第四段中的He painted the Sunflowers quickly and with great energy and confidence.可知,凡·高画《向日葵》时很快,精力充沛且相当自信,故排除B项(凡·高画《向日葵》时遇到了很多困难);由第四段中的I think he painted them for the joy of it可知,詹森认为凡·高画这些向日葵是为了从中获得乐趣,因此凡·高当时是喜欢自己的画作的,故排除C项(凡·高当时一点也不喜欢他的《向日葵》)。

【高频词汇】　1.admire vt.欣赏;钦佩　2.brighten up使更艳丽

3.modest adj.朴素的;不太大的　4.stand for代表,象征    5.recognize vt.意识到;承认;认出

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了约翰内斯·维米尔创作的名画《戴珍珠耳环的少女》背后的故事。

5.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的Even during his lifetime, Vermeer's influence was mainly limited to Delft where he earned a reasonable living as a painter and art dealer.(即使在他一生中,维米尔的影响力主要局限于代尔夫特,在那里他以画家兼艺术品经销商的身份过着还算体面的生活。)可知,在维米尔活着的时候,他在他的城市之外并不知名。故选D。A项“他过着非常艰苦的生活”错误;B项“他不是一个有天赋的艺术家”可由第二段中的Vermeer was among the most successful artists排除;C项文中没有提到。

6.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句可知,由于他画中的模特戴着头巾,许多艺术历史学家认为维米尔的画不应该被视为肖像画。相反,大多数学者赞成《戴珍珠耳环的少女》属于一种叫Tronie的画。因此,少女不寻常的着装使一些学者认为《戴珍珠耳环的少女》是一种Tronie作品。故选B。A项“这个女孩特殊的表情”;C项“模特不清晰的手势”;D项“模特的背景画”。

7.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的While it is impossible to identify Vermeer's model, due to a complete lack of evidence可知,由于完全缺乏证据,无法确定维米尔的模特的身份。由此可知,这幅画的模特的身份很神秘。故选A。由最后一段首句可知,这幅画曾被称为《戴头巾的女孩》或《年轻女孩》,直到不到一个世纪前才有了现在的名字《戴珍珠耳环的少女》,因此目前没有争议,故排除B项“这幅画的名字仍然有争议”;C项“这幅画在一个世纪前被严重损坏”与文中描述不符;D项“这幅画的灵感来自这个画家的一个女儿”只是文中的推测,并未证实,故排除。

8.C　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了维米尔的著名画作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》背后的故事,包括作者的情况、该画作的类型和特点、画作中模特的神秘身份等。因此这篇文章的最佳标题就是“《戴珍珠耳环的少女》背后的故事”。故选C。A项“约翰内斯·维米尔的人生经历”、B项“《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的模特”和D项“约翰内斯·维米尔的画的特点”都是文章内容的一部分。

【高频词汇】　1.be limited to...被局限在……　2.earn a living谋生　3.what's more另外;而且　4.negative adj.缺乏热情的,消极的　5.originally adv.起初;原来　6.be considered as...被认为是……　7.note vt.指出;特别提到　8.existence n.存在

9.due to由于

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。列奥纳多·达·芬奇将艺术和科学联系起来进行创作。

1.B　由设空处前两句可知,在现代世界,艺术和科学是两个截然不同的活动,但在列奥纳多的时代,它们是紧密相连的。科学意味着数学和医学研究。由设空处后两句可知,数学包括测量土地以绘制地图、测量天空中星星的运动等实践任务。艺术家可能需要测量身体的不同部位。由此看来,B项(那这些是如何与艺术联系起来的呢?)可以合理衔接上下文。故选B。

2.G　空前指出,他还可以使用数学方法在素描画或油画中把东西合理放置,安排多者之间的关系。从该句中可以提取两点信息:一是in a drawing or painting;二是place things。G项(你会在画作《最后的晚餐》里看到这种放置的绝佳范例)符合语境,故选G。

3.F　由本段首句可知,本段叙述的是数学与音乐的关系。由空后句中的More than that可知,空后句与设空处构成逻辑上的递进关系,设空处应体现列奥纳多与音乐的关系,因此F项(列奥纳多本身就是一位非常优秀的音乐家,喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌)与此意切合。故选F。

4.E　从空前的叙述可知,实践经验对他来说比观点更重要,由空后两句可知他的目的是考察这个世界,以便能够把它复制在自己美丽的绘画和雕塑中;他也想从大自然巧妙解决问题的方法中学习。由His purpose was...和He also wanted to...可见E项(最重要的是,列奥纳多想要理解事物是如何运作的,又为什么会这么运作)切合题意,故选E。

5.A　由空后两句可知,他的快速小素描通常是在外面闲逛时完成的,帮助他捕捉一个动作或一个形状。他会在桌子上用钢笔和尺子画出更细致的素描画。设空处在本段的开头,有总起本段的作用,而后文所说的事情都与画画有关,故A项(列奥纳多一直在作画)符合文意。

【高频词汇】　1.practical adj.实际的;实用性的　2.scene n.场面;情景　3.detail n.细节　4.solution n.解决方法　5.above all最重要的是