Unit 4　Living with technology Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第二册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Unit 4　Living with technology

Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.China National Space Administration has released an online 　　　(数据库) of the first batch of lunar samples brought back by the Chang'e 5 probe. 

2.According to the survey results, there are several main things that parents are unhappy about in cartoons: depictions of violent 　　　(犯罪活动), dangerous behavior that is easily imitated, and dark and negative content. 

3.A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer 　　　(网络). 

4.Scientists have made a 　　　(突破)in their treatment of that disease. 

5.The 　　　(贪婪的)boss stopped at nothing to make a profit. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

build castles in the air;be capable of;to name but a few;on demand;break into;fall victim to

1.When taking the train, passengers must show their tickets 　　　　　　. 

2.Just like　　　　　　, this idea raised in the board meeting is totally impractical. 

3.I hate to see you 　　　　　　vanity. Be yourself, and you can be welcomed by others. 

4.We must learn to better understand how our brains 　　　　　　finding new solutions, whatever the situation is. 

5.We had to 　　　　　　the house as we had lost the key. 

6.Lots of our friends are coming: Anne, Ken and George, 　　　　　　. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.The research, based on a seven-year 　　　　(analyse) of 50,000 adults, finds that body weight is linked with when we eat and how often we eat. 

2.I think we need to be cautious—sure, the predicted 　　　　(finance) results look good, but one swallow doesn't make a summer. 

3.If you 　　　　(threat) me or use any force, I shall inform the police. 

4.In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a 　　　　(warn) to you. 

5.The vehicle is equipped with a facial 　　　　(recognize) system that can check the body temperature of vaccine recipients. 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.在西方,力劝别人喝酒是不礼貌的。

It is impolite to　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　in the West. 

2.我要约翰马上去那儿。

I demand that John　　　 　　　　　　at once. 

3.这让学生们觉得他们在很多方面受到尊重。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　that they are respected in many ways. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

　　As AI develops, we can stay in bed and press a button to send a robot to do all the work for us in the future. One of the essential　1　 (aim) of AI is to develop computer intelligence which can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans. The development of computers has made the dream of AI 　2　 reality. A major advancement in AI 　3　 (come) in 1997 and then in 2017, a computer program 　4　 (name) AlphaGo demonstrated a 　5　 (significance) advance in deep-learning AI systems. Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields, from autonomous vehicles to domestic robots. Ordinary people are now using AI 　6　 (get) instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces. 　7　, these benefits also bring concerns and fears 　8　 the thinking machines will 　9　 (threat) the existence of humans. We must make sure that we will not fall victim 　10　 AI. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021湖南师范大学附属中学高二下月考,)

If you frequently google language-related questions, you've probably seen an advertisement for Grammarly, an automated grammar-checker.Grammarly claims that it has the ability not only to fix mistakes, but also to improve style and polish words. Does it achieve what it claims? Maybe not.

Artificial intelligence systems like Grammarly are trained with data.Developers also manually add certain rules to the patterns Grammarly has taught itself. The software then looks at a user's essay: if a string of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the acknowledged mistake most closely resembles one from its training input.

All this shows how far artificial intelligence (AI) is from the humankind.Computers outsmart humans at problems that can be solved with pure mathematical knowledge, such as chess.Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain string of words.

But grammar is the real magic of language. And machines are no match for humans.Computers can analyze grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases.But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyze, precisely because they are ungrammatical.

To correct such essays requires knowing what the writer intended. But computers don't work with meaning or intention.They work with formulae(公式). Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even rather damaged syntax(句法) because of the ability to guess the content of other minds.Grammar-checking computers focus on not how bad humans are with language, but just how good.

1.What's the text mainly about?

A.What AI system Grammarly is.

B.What problems AI has with grammar.

C.How AI system works on grammar.

D.How AI outsmarts humans in language.

2.Why do computers outsmart mankind at chess?

A.Because they are trained with data.

B.Because they have taught themselves.

C.Because they easily spot mistakes.

D.Because maybe sound matches words.

3.Which of the following can be done well by AI?

A.Analyzing ungrammatical sentences.

B.Figuring out meaning and intention.

C.Identifying nouns and verb phrases.

D.Understanding damaged syntax.

4.What's the writer's attitude toward grammar-checking computers?

A.Doubtful.　　　　　　　B.Favorable.

C.Indifferent. D.Worried.

B

(2021湖北部分重点中学高二上月考,)

Cloud computing is set to change how people communicate, work and learn.But do you know it may also affect how you are hired for a job in the future?

It was once more common for people to find jobs advertised in the newspaper and then physically send applications to organizations.Now we primarily look online using job sites and apply for those jobs using cloud recruitment(招聘) services.

However, many new technologies, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), are changing recruitment and the way we communicate with those holding the key to our dream jobs.

AI recruitment technology, such as ENGAGE Talent, is making it easier for recruiters to find potential employees by analyzing networking sites, like LinkedIn, for appropriate candidates.Primarily based on keywords, circumstance changes or current company performance, it can find candidates that haven't clearly expressed an interest in changing jobs.Helen Poitevin, research director of IT research firm Gartner, stated, “This method of finding a passive candidate is the subject of a lot of investment and innovation today.”

Another innovation designed to help recruiters is AI assistants, similar to Apple's Siri.CNN reported that graduates in the future might have to be overseen by a virtual assistant before getting a real interview for highly competitive graduate programs.

Companies such as HireVue have already developed software that plays prerecorded questions for candidates and analyzes their responses for different factors, including grammar, facial expressions and tones.It can then produce a result that defines the candidate's qualities and recommends whether they should be considered.

The US graduate Sarah Ali has been through eight HireVue interviews.She told CNN, “Once I understood the AI interview process, I started thinking of it as a game and how I could optimize(优化) myself.”

This interview process has yet become the mainstream outside the US, but with the power of cloud computing, how long will it be before this tech is used worldwide?

5.According to the passage, how did people commonly find a job?

A.By using cloud recruitment services.

B.By submitting an online application form.

C.By searching for information on the Internet.

D.By reading job advertisements in the newspaper.

6.What can we know about the AI recruitment technology?

A.ENGAGE Talent is currently the only form of it.

B.Helen Poitevin didn't think it was an innovative investment.

C.It is designed to help recruiters to find appropriateemployees.

D.It can leave out the candidates greatly interested in changing jobs.

7.Why does the author refer to the US graduate, Sarah Ali?

A.To show some companies have developed software for AI recruitment.

B.To show AI assistants have been widely adopted outside the US.

C.To explain how to optimize oneself.

D.To show Sarah knew well about the AI interview process.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020山东新高考质量测评联盟高二上月考,)

How Mobile Technology Has

Changed Our Lives Forever

The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology was incredible.　1　 Here we highlight the most common aspects that technology is changing our lives today. 

·Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.

The advancement of technology has made communication unbelievably fast and convenient.

In the past, writing a letter or finding a wired telephone was the best way to communicate remotely with someone. 　2　 You can send them a message on social media, text them, have a video chat with them, email them, or call them. 

·Mobile technology creates the “Everything” device.

With many functions mobile technology has brought about, there are some products that they have made out of date. Now just one device has replaced the portable (便携式的) music player, alarm clock, GPS, calculator, camera, flashlight, calendar and many more.　3　 

·Mobile technology leads to ever-present distraction.

In many places, it's common to see just about everyone with a mobile phone within arm's reach. In the first two ways listed above, that can be useful.　4　 As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today's society, research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects, the majority of which are related to mental health. 

　5　 We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improves our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings. In my opinion, its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. 

A.We cannot ignore its disadvantages.

B.All in all, mobile devices greatly benefit our lives.

C.However, instant access is not always a good thing.

D.While these things do still exist, they are no longer absolutely essential.

E.Nowadays, you have more efficient options at your fingertips.

F.The conventional way of doing the shopping has also changed beyond imagination.

G.Since then, advances in mobile technology have shaped our lives in various ways.

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

答案全解全析

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.database　2.crime　3.network　4.breakthrough　5.greedy

Ⅱ.1.on demand　2.building castles in the air　3.fall victim to　4.are capable of　5.break into　6.to name but a few

Ⅲ.1.analysis　考查名词。句意:在对5万名成年人7年的分析的基础上,研究发现体重与进食时间和进食频率相关。由前面的a seven-year和后面的of可知,空处应用名词。故填analysis。

2.financial　考查形容词。句意:我认为我们需要谨慎点,的确,预测的财务结果看起来不错,但好事可能纯属偶然。results是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填financial。

3.threaten　考查动词。句意:如果你威胁我或动武的话,我就报警。空处是If引导的条件状语从句的谓语,应用动词的一般现在时表将来。故填threaten。

4.warning　考查名词。句意:在某种程度上说,你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴,因为它会作为对你的警告。不定冠词后应用名词。故填warning。

5.recognition　考查名词。句意:车上配备了可以给疫苗接种人员测体温的人脸识别系统。recognition system识别系统,此处用名词作定语。故填recognition。

Ⅳ.1.urge other people to drink　2.should go there　3.It makes students feel

Ⅴ.1.aims　考查名词单复数。句意:人工智能的基本目标之一是开发能够像人类一样从经验中学习、适应新的输入和执行任务的计算机智能。“One of the+形容词”后应用名词复数。故填aims。

2.a　考查不定冠词。句意:计算机的发展已经使人工智能的梦想成为现实。make...a reality是固定短语,意为“使……成为现实”,reality表示“现实的东西”时为可数名词,其前用不定冠词。故填a。

3.came　考查时态。句意:在1997年人工智能取得了重大发展,然后在2017年,一个叫阿尔法围棋的电脑程序说明了深度学习的人工智能系统的一个重大进展。由时间状语in 1997可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填came。

4.named　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词demonstrated,所以　　　 (name) AlphaGo应是非谓语动词作后置定语修饰computer program,且computer program与name之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填named。 

5.significant　考查形容词。advance是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填significant。

6.to get　考查非谓语动词。句意:现在普通人正在用人工智能来随时翻译外语文本,机器可以识别指纹甚至人脸。use sth. to do sth.是固定结构,意为“用某物做某事”。故填to get。

7.However　考查副词。上文讲到人工智能给人们带来的便利,下文讲到这些好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧,故上下文是转折关系,设空处后面有逗号,故用副词however表示转折。注意首字母大写。

易错分析

　　语法填空位于句首的单词首字母需大写是一个经典的易错点,考生可通过在做题时多加留意,并在做题后检查的方法避免这种错误。

8.that　考查同位语从句。句意:然而,这些好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧,即会思考的机器会威胁到人类的生存。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明concerns and fears的具体内容,且从句意思和成分完整,应用that引导。故填that。

9.threaten　考查动词。情态动词will后应加动词原形。故填threaten。

10.to　考查固定短语。句意:我们必须确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。fall victim to是固定短语,意为“成为……的受害者”。故填to。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了像Grammarly这样的人工智能系统在核查语法时会遇到的问题,解释了人工智能比人类更聪明的原因以及人工智能在语言方面比人类逊色的地方。

1.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Grammarly claims that it has the ability...Maybe not.(Grammarly声称它不仅有能力修复错误,也有能力提升语言规范性和润色文字。它实现了它所宣称的了吗?或许没有。)”并结合下文内容可知文章主要阐述了像Grammarly这样的人工智能系统在核查语法时会遇到的问题,解释了人工智能比人类更聪明的原因以及人工智能在语言方面比人类逊色的地方。由此可知,文章的主要内容是人工智能系统在核查语法时会碰到的问题。故选B。

2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Artificial intelligence systems like Grammarly are trained with data.(像Grammarly这样的人工智能系统是用数据进行训练的。)”以及第三段中“Computers outsmart humans at problems that can be solved with pure mathematical knowledge, such as chess.(在可以用纯粹的数学知识解决的问题上,比如国际象棋,计算机比人类更聪明。)”可知,计算机在国际象棋方面比人类更聪明是因为它们是用数据训练的。故选A。

3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Computers can analyze grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases.(计算机可以很好地分析符合语法规则的句子,标明名词和动词短语等东西。)”可知,C项“识别名词和动词短语”人工智能可以做得很好。故选C。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,它们很难处理那些很难分析的句子,正是因为它们不合语法。故A项说法不正确。根据最后一段第二、三句“But computers don't work with meaning or intention.They work with formulae.”可知,B项说法不正确。根据最后一段中的“Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even rather damaged syntax(相比之下,人类通常甚至可以理解相当不完整的句法)”可知,D项说法不正确。

4.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Does it achieve what it claims? Maybe not.(它实现了它所宣称的了吗?或许没有。)”以及最后一段中“But computers don't work with meaning or intention...but just how good.(但是计算机并不是利用思想或意图工作,它们利用公式工作。相比之下,由于人类具有猜测他人思想内容的能力,人类通常甚至可以理解相当不完整的句法。语法检查计算机关注的不是人类在语言方面的弱点,而仅仅是强项。)”可推知,作者对语法检查计算机持怀疑的(doubtful)态度。故选A。B项“支持的”;C项“漠不关心的”;D项“担忧的”。

【高频词汇】　1.claim v.宣称;声称;断言　2.a string of 一系列;一连串　3.spot v.发现　4.input n.输入的信息;投入资源;输入　5.impressive adj.令人赞叹的;给人印象深刻的　6.be no match for...不是……的对手　7.label v.用标签标明

8.by contrast 相比之下

长难句分析

原句　Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain string of words.

分析　本句为主从复合句。主句为Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词speech recognition,其中whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain string of words为同位语从句,解释guess的具体内容。

句意　例如,语言技术的进步在语言识别方面给人留下了深刻的印象,语言识别涉及另一种统计猜测——一段声音是否与某串单词相匹配。

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云计算中的AI(人工智能)正在改变人们的求职方式。

5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It was once more common for people to find jobs advertised in the newspaper and then physically send applications to organizations.(人们找报纸招聘广告上的工作,然后亲自向组织机构递交申请,曾经这种情况更常见。)”可知,人们(以前)找工作通常是通过报纸上的招聘广告。故选D。此题要注意题干问的是how did people commonly find a job[人们(之前)通常是如何找工作的],定位要准确。

6.C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“AI recruitment technology, such as ENGAGE Talent, is making it easier for recruiters to find potential employees by analyzing networking sites, like LinkedIn, for appropriate candidates.(人工智能招聘技术,比如ENGAGE Talent,正使得招聘人员更容易通过分析社交网站,比如LinkedIn,找到合适的候选人,从而找到潜在雇员。)”可知,人工智能招聘技术的目的是帮助招聘人员找到合适的候选人。故选C。根据第四段第一句和第五段第一句可知,A项说法不正确。根据第四段Helen Poitevin所说的话“This method of finding a passive candidate is the subject of a lot of investment and innovation today.(这种寻找被动候选人的方法是很多当今投资和创新的主题。)”可知,B项说法不正确。根据第四段中的“Primarily...it can find candidates that haven't clearly expressed an interest in changing jobs.(主要根据关键词、环境变化或目前的公司表现,它可以找到还没有明确表达对换工作有兴趣的候选人。)”可知,它不会把对换工作十分感兴趣的人排除在外,D项说法不准确。

7.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容并结合第六段中“Companies such as HireVue...facial expressions and tones.(HireVue 这样的公司已经开发出软件,可以向候选人播放预先录制好的问题,并针对不同的因素分析他们的回答,包括语法、面部表情和语气。)”可推知,某些公司已经研发出软件用于人工智能招聘。故选A。

【高频词汇】　1.application n.申请表;申请　2.apply for申请　3.potential adj.潜在的;可能的　4.appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的　5.candidate n.候选人;应试者　6.innovation n.改革;创新;新方法　7.assistant n.助手 adj.助理的　8.competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的　9.response n.反应;回答

长难句分析

原句　Primarily based on keywords, circumstance changes or current company performance, it can find candidates that haven't clearly expressed an interest in changing jobs.

分析　本句为主从复合句。主干为it can find candidates。Primarily based on keywords, circumstance changes or current company performance为过去分词短语作状语; that haven't clearly expressed an interest in changing jobs为定语从句,修饰先行词candidates。

句意　主要根据关键词、环境变化或目前的公司表现,它可以找到还没有明确表达对换工作有兴趣的候选人。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从生活中几个常见的方面介绍了移动技术对我们生活的改变,告诉我们尽管移动技术存在缺陷,但它已经成为生活中的一部分,并使我们的生活变得更好。

1.G　根据空格处上句“The invention of the mobile phone and mobile technology was incredible.(移动电话和移动技术的发明是不可思议的。)”和下句“Here we highlight the most common aspects that technology is changing our lives today.(在这里我们重点介绍技术正在改变我们今天生活的最常见的几个方面。)”可知,本段主要讲述了移动技术影响了我们的生活。G项“从那时起,移动技术的进步从各个方面影响了我们的生活。”符合段落主旨,能够引起下文,选项中的“shaped our lives”和下文的“changing our lives”相呼应。故选G。

2.E　根据主旨句“Mobile technology has changed how we communicate.(移动技术改变了我们的沟通方式。)”可知,本部分讲述的是移动技术对沟通方式的改变。空前句介绍的是过去的沟通方式。E项“如今,你手头有了更有效的选择。”选项中“Nowadays”和上文的“In the past”形成对照关系,能够引出下文对现在的沟通方式的举例。故选E。

3.D　根据空格处上句“Now just one device has replaced...and many more.(现在只用一种设备就取代了便携式音乐播放器、闹钟、GPS、计算器、照相机、手电筒、日历以及更多的东西。)”可知,由于移动技术的发展,现在的一种设备可以替代多种设备。D项“虽然这些东西确实仍然存在,但它们不再是绝对必要的了。”能够承接上文,选项中的“these things”指代上文提到的“the portable (便携式的) music player...”。故选D。

4.C　根据空格处下句“As mobile technology...the majority of which are related to mental health.(随着移动技术在当今社会变得越来越普遍,研究已经开始将日常大量使用移动技术与很多副作用联系起来,其中大部分副作用与心理健康有关。)”可知,本段讲述的是移动设备带来的副作用。C项“然而,立刻能够使用并不总是一件好事。”能够引出下文提到的副作用。选项中“not always a good thing”与下文“a number of side effects”相呼应。故选C。

5.B　根据空格处下句“We should accept that mobile technology is here to stay and improves our lives for the better in spite of its shortcomings.(我们应该接受尽管移动技术存在缺点,但它已经成为生活中的一部分,并使我们的生活变得更好。)”可知,移动技术虽然有缺点,但对我们的生活是有利的。B项“总之,移动设备极大地造福了我们的生活。”符合文章要表达的观点。故选B。

【高频词汇】　1.incredible adj.难以置信的　2.highlight v.突出;强调　3.bring about 引起;导致　4.out of date 过时的;过期的

5.distraction n.分散注意力的事物　6.side effect n.副作用

7.be related to和……相关　8.instant adj.立即的;立刻的;速食的　9.have sth. at one's fingertips某人手头有某物(可供随时使用);某人对某物了如指掌

长难句分析

原句　As mobile technology has become more and more widespread in today's society, research has begun to connect heavy day-to-day use with a number of side effects, the majority of which are related to mental health.

分析　本句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句;the majority of which are related to mental health为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词side effects。

句意　随着移动技术在当今社会变得越来越普遍,研究已经开始将日常大量使用(移动技术)与很多副作用联系起来,其中大部分副作用与心理健康有关。