Unit 3　Back to the past Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

这是一份Unit 3　Back to the past Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共11页。
Unit 3　Back to the past
Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She volunteered to attend to the worst injured soldier because there was a serious　　　(短缺) of nurses. 
2.The manager was deeply concerned about the company’s f　　　 situation, and he decided to cut back on the daily expenses. 
3.There is no convincing 　　　(证据)that children with good education can surely have career prospects. 
4.Located in the northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace is by far the city’s best-preserved　　　 (皇家的)complex. 
5.Shortly after the train 　　　(离开), the conductor comes to collect tickets. 
Ⅱ.选词填空
on behalf of; regardless of; allow for; take charge of
1.I am sorry for being unable to visit you this Saturday afternoon because I will be attending a lecture about garbage classification　　　　　　 my class at that time. 
2.She arrives early every day, ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges　　　　　　 whether or not she has done anything similar. 
3.The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user,　　　　　　space to move around. 
4.Teachers must motivate students to　　　　　　 their own learning—they can’t depend on others all the time. 
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.At last the young man had no choice but to acknowledge 　　　　(steal) the computer from the office. 
2.The play-well-with-others quality may 　　　　(strong) schoolyard friendships, and promote interpersonal skills in life and work. 
3.Yet we remain 　　　　(convince) that the hard winter cannot stop the arrival of spring and darkness can never shroud the light of dawn. 
4.The Chinese merchant ship loaded 　　　　porcelain (瓷器) left a southern port to sell its wares along the ancient trade route known as the Marine Silk Road. 
5.As we grow up, we get to know many things which we would be 　　　　(astonish) to see as kids. 
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China’s greatest explorers, set out on his 　1　 (one) voyage. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He represented the Ming Dynasty on seven voyages. His fleet, 　2　(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, visited more than 30 countries and regions. Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. His efforts contributed to the development and 　3　 (strengthen) harmonious relations with the countries and regions where he set foot, 　4　 (expose) foreigners to Chinese culture, and giving Chinese people a better 　5　(understand) of overseas lands. Zheng He’s achievements are now widely acknowledged and he is considered 　6　 (be) one of China’s most influential explorers. 
Columbus insisted 　7　 finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite all the challenges, Columbus succeeded in 　8　 (keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and courage. Finally, the crew spotted land in the 　9　 (distant). His voyages marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration 　10　 witnessed many important geographical discoveries. The period also promoted the international exchange of ideas and cultures. 
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 



能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A

(2020辽宁本溪高二联考,)
In early November of 1503, during Christopher Columbus’s fourth and final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.
At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus’s group was soon in serious trouble.
Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse(月全食)on the evening of February 29, 1504 and how long it would last.
Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the moon to punish them. The moment Columbus finished talking, just as he had planned, the moon began disappearing.
The local leaders grew panicked and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus’s god had to return the moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the moon would stay completely hidden for about 48 minutes, Columbus returned just before the moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.
1.The local people became angry because the Europeans 　　　. 
A.looked very different
B.had nothing to trade
C.were cheats and thieves
D.wanted to take their land
2.Where did Columbus learn about the total lunar eclipse?
A.From a book. B.From the moon.
C.From his group. D.From the locals.
3.What did Columbus do after returning to his ship on the night of the meeting?
A.He discussed the problem with his god.
B.He waited for the total lunar eclipse to finish.
C.He read about the stars and planets.
D.He told his men what happened.
4.What can we learn about the Europeans from the passage?
A.They all believed in God.
B.They never returned to Spain.
C.They admired the local people.
D.They caused their own problems.
B

(2021江苏扬州中学高二阶段检测,)
A valuable sketch(素描) from World War Ⅰ has turned up in a garage sale in Perth. It’s a sketch of soldiers playing soccer during an unofficial truce(停战期) between German and Allied soldiers on the Western Front in 1914. The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.
The artwork was given to Private Jack Shelley, a British soldier, when he was defending the town of Frelinghien, France. The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides proof that the tales of enemy soldiers socialising together are true. But for Private Shelley’s descendants(后代) it has even greater value, since it was his prized possession. Jessie Shelley, Jack’s great-granddaughter, has fond memories of the old man sharing stories about his experiences in the war when he came to live permanently in Australia in 1930. The family lost track of the artwork after Jack’s possessions were moved during the sale of his house when he died in 1984.
“Great-grandpa had a tobacco tin filled with a dozen or so buttons from the uniforms of men from both sides. He told us all the details of every one of those buttons. To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn’t come home from the war. He had at least two buttons from German uniforms that he told us were exchanged between the men involved in the Christmas Truce.”
On Christmas Day of 1914, the soldiers came out of their trenches(战壕) into no-man’s-land and shared food, drinks and cigarettes. Some even exchanged small gifts. The men even played football games together. Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.
This fascinating image of peace humanity during the war has continued through the years. The sketch is a symbol of the potential of humanity, hope and kindness to exist even in the most violent circumstances.
5.In what situation was the sketch made?
A.It was made in a garage.
B.It was made on the front line.
C.It was made during a formal soccer match.
D.It was made by a soldier fighting in Germany.
6.Why is this sketch an important historical document?
A.It explains the specific reason for the war.
B.It shows the war on the Western Front came to an end.
C.It proves enemy soldiers could live in peace sometimes.
D.It is evidence that soldiers could adapt quickly to society.
7.What did Private Shelley say about the buttons in the tobacco tin?
A.They were from German uniforms.
B.Some of them represented his honor.
C.Some of their owners didn’t survive the war.
D.They were collected on Christmas Day in 1914.
8.What impact did the Christmas Truce have?
A.It brought about more truces.
B.It started wide information exchanges.
C.It led to no agreement between the sides.
D.It resulted in more celebrations between the sides.
Ⅱ.七选五

(2020福建泉州高二联合考试,)
The night the Titanic sank
From a high place on the ship, Fred Fleet, who worked on the Titanic, saw the iceberg just a few hundred metres away. He rang the bell to warn the people to stop the ship. 　1　 Soon after that, one passenger, Major Peuchen, noticed that the ship wasn’t straight in the water. But nobody listened to him.  
　2　 Another ship, the Californian, was about 30 kilometres north of the Titanic. When the Californian saw the iceberg, it stopped. It also sent a radio message to warn other ships in the area. At about 11:15 pm, the Californian’s radio operator turned off the radio, and went to bed. The Titanic sent a message back, giving its position—wrongly! 　3　  
Soon after midnight, the crew of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the Titanic. Their captain said, “Fireworks! 　4　 ”The radio wasn’t turned on again, and the Californian didn’t move. At 12:25 am on the Titanic, people began to get into the lifeboats.  
　　At 2:20 am on April 15th the Titanic finally sank. Another ship, the Carpathia, heard the Titanic’s last call for help. 　5　 At 4:10 am, the Carpathia saw the Titanic’s lifeboats floating on the dark water, and rescued the survivors. Later, the Californian turned the radio back on, and heard that the Titanic had sunk.  
A.The accident happened at about 11:40 pm.
B.Everyone was very proud of the Titanic.
C.The passengers of the Titanic are having a party.
D.It was 58 miles away,but it raced to help the ship.
E.But it was travelling too fast to stop, and it hit the iceberg.
F.Before the accident,the Titanic had received an ice warning.
G.A lot of people stayed on the ship instead of trying to escape.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 






























答案全解全析

Unit 3　Back to the past

Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.shortage　2.financial　3.proof　4.royal　5.departed
Ⅱ.1.on behalf of　2.regardless of　3.allowing for　4.take charge of
Ⅲ.1.having stolen/stealing　考查动名词。句意:最后那个年轻人没有选择,只能承认从办公室偷了电脑。acknowledge后接动名词形式,此处steal的动作在acknowledge之前就已经完成,故填动名词的完成式。如果不强调动作的先后顺序,这里也可以直接用动名词stealing。
2.strengthen　考查动词。句意:这种与他人玩得好的品质可以加强校园友谊,提高生活和工作中的人际交往能力。分析句子可知,此处作谓语,再根据前面的may可知,此处用动词原形,故填strengthen。
3.convinced　考查形容词。句意:但我们仍然坚信,寒冬阻挡不了春天的到来,黑夜遮蔽不住黎明的光。此处作remain的表语,故填形容词convinced,表示“坚信的”。
4.with　考查固定搭配。句意:这艘满载瓷器的中国商船离开了南部港口,沿着被称为“海上丝绸之路”的古老贸易路线出售其商品。固定短语“(be) loaded with”意为“装载,装满”,故填with。
5.astonished　考查形容词。句意:随着我们的成长,我们会了解很多小时候看到会感觉惊奇的事情。根据句意可知,此处表示“感到惊讶的”,应用以-ed结尾的形容词作表语,故填astonished。
Ⅳ.1.first　考查序数词。句意:1405年夏天,中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和动身踏上了他的第一次航行。根据下文的“seven voyages”可知,此处指第一次航行,故填first。
2.loaded　考查过去分词。句意:他的船队满载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他珍宝作为礼物送给外国统治者,访问了30多个国家和地区。be loaded with意为“装满”,此处作His fleet的后置定语,相当于which was loaded,故填loaded。
3.strengthened　考查动词时态。句意:他的努力有助于发展,加强了与他踏足的这些国家和地区的和谐关系,让外国人接触中国文化,让中国人更好地了解海外地区。根据第一个and可知此处和contributed并列作谓语,应用一般过去时,故填strengthened。
4.exposing　考查现在分词。此处expose的逻辑主语是His efforts,二者为主动关系,故填exposing。
5.understanding　考查名词。此处作giving的直接宾语,故填名词understanding。
6.to be　考查不定式。句意:郑和的成就现在被广泛承认,他被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。此处考查consider的用法,be considered to be...意为“被认为是……”,故填不定式to be。
7.on/upon　考查介词。句意:哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋寻找通往东印度群岛的直接航线。insist on/upon,意为“坚持”,故填on或upon。
8.keeping　考查动名词。句意:尽管面临所有挑战,哥伦布凭借他的知识和勇气,成功地让每个人都脱离了危险。succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事,故填keeping。
9.distance　考查名词。句意:最后,全体船员发现了远处的陆地。in the distance意为“在远处”,故填distance。
10.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:他的航行标志着大航海时代的开始,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。此处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词the Age of Exploration在从句中作主语,故用that或which。

能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哥伦布在登上美洲大陆后,为了让当地人给他们食物和衣服,利用其害怕月全食的心理来骗他们的故事。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,as months passed,the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests,who were tricking and stealing from them.”可知,当地人对他们的客人越来越不满,因为这些客人总是欺骗他们,偷他们的东西。A、B、D三个选项在文中没有提及。故选C项。
2. A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Luckily for Columbus,he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship.It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky.”以及其后的“a total lunar eclipse”可知,哥伦布是从书中了解到月全食的。故选A项。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知,为了让当地人给他们食物和衣服,哥伦布利用其害怕月全食的心理来骗他们。哥伦布回到船上假装与他的神讨论什么时候让月亮出来,其实哥伦布只是待在船上等待月全食结束,由此可以判断A项不符合文意。C项“他读了有关恒星和行星的书”以及D项“他把发生的事情告诉了他的手下”原文未提及。故选B项。
4.D　推理判断题。首先A和B选项出现了绝对化的描述,即all和never, 我们从文中找不到这两个选项的依据,所以排除A、B。此外,通读全文后可知欧洲人欺骗了当地人而非崇拜他们,故C项不符合文意。从第二段中的“who were tricking and stealing from them”可以判断欧洲人欺骗当地人,偷他们的东西,引起当地人的不满,导致了问题。故选D项。
【高频词汇】　1.seriously adv.严重地　2.survive v.生存;幸存　3.trick v.欺骗,哄骗　4.steal from从……偷东西　5.work out计算;找到　6.hidden adj.隐藏的

长难句分析
原句　The moment Columbus finished talking,just as he had planned,the moon began disappearing.
分析　本句为主从复合句。The moment在此处充当连词,相当于as soon as,意思为“一……就”,引导时间状语从句。as在此句中意思为“按照,如同”,用作从属连词,引导方式状语从句。
句意　哥伦布刚按他的计划讲完,月亮就开始消失了。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。创作于第一次世界大战时期的一幅宝贵的素描证实了敌对双方的战士也有友好相处的时候。这充分证明,即便在极端暴力的情况下也会有人性、希望和友善存在。
5.B　细节理解题。由第一段中的 “The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.”可知,这幅画是战争期间西线的一位不知名的德国士兵画的,由此可判断这幅画是在前线创作的。所以A项“它是在车库里创作的”以及C项“它是在一场正式的足球比赛中创作的”与原文不符。注意易错选项D项“这是一个在德国作战的士兵创作的”,当时的作战地是the Western Front,不是德国。故选B项。
6.C　推理判断题。由第二段中的 “it provides proof that the tales of enemy soldiers socialising together are true”可推断,它证明了敌兵有时也能生活在和平之中,因此这幅画的历史意义在于它能够证明双方战士有和平相处的时候。A项“它解释了战争的具体原因”以及D项“这是士兵能很快适应社会的证据”在文章中没有提及。根据文章内容来看,当时的战争并没有结束,这只是一次休战,因此B项“它表明西线的战争结束了”不符合文意。故选C项。
7.C　细节理解题。由第三段中的 “To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn’t come home from the war.”可知,有些扣子的主人没能在战争中存活下来。由第三段中的 “Great-grandpa had a tobacco tin filled with a dozen or so buttons from the uniforms of men from both sides.”可知,这些扣子来自双方士兵,因此A项错误。文章没有提及B、D两项的内容。故选C项。
8.A　推理判断题。由第四段中的 “Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.”可知,后来这种合作精神在双方的非正式协议中继续存在,即在吃饭时停止射击,甚至士兵在户外工作时也停止射击。可见,圣诞节休战带来了后续更多的休战。由此也可以判断C项“它导致双方没有达成协议”与文章不符。B项“它开始了广泛的信息交流”以及D项“它导致了双方之间更多的庆祝活动”文章没有提及。故选A项。
【高频词汇】　1.turn up出现;被发现,被找到　2.possession n.私人物品,财产;拥有　3.permanently adv.永久地　4.lose track of不了解……的动态　5.represent v.代表,象征　6.exchange v.交换　7.(be)involved in参与　8.cooperation n.合作
9.potential n.可能性　10.circumstance n.环境,状况

长难句分析
原句　The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides proof that the tales of enemy soldiers socialising together are true.
分析　该句是一个主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句,其中that引导的是一个同位语从句,解释说明proof的内容。
句意　这幅素描是一份重要的历史文献,因为它提供了证据,证明敌兵一起交往的传闻是真实的。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了“泰坦尼克”号沉没之夜发生的事。
1.E　由上文的 “saw the iceberg just a few hundred metres away”和下文的“the ship wasn’t straight in the water”可知,冰山近在咫尺,虽已被发现,但“泰坦尼克”号还是因速度过快撞上了冰山。故选E项。
2.F　由下文的 “It also sent a radio message to warn other ships in the area.”可知,“泰坦尼克”号在撞击冰山前收到过警告。故选F项。
3.A　由文中出现的时间节点可知,“泰坦尼克”号于当晚约11点40分撞上了冰山。故选A项。
4.C　由下文的 “the Californian didn’t move”可知,“加利福尼亚”号没有去营救,因为该船船长看到“泰坦尼克”号上燃放的烟火,以为他们正在举办派对。故选C项。
5.D　D项中的“it raced to help the ship”与下文的 “the Carpathia saw the Titanic’s lifeboats...and rescued the survivors”相呼应。故选D项。
【高频词汇】　1.iceberg n.冰山　2.straight adj.直的　3.operator n.接线员　4.turn on打开　5.survivor n.幸存者