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选择性必修 第二册Lesson 2 The Objectives of Education教案配套课件ppt
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1．bvius adj._________________________2．analysis n．___________________3．inefficient adj.___________________4．wrthy adj.______________________5．apprve vt.___________________
显然的，明显的；易理解的 分析 效率低的 有价值的；值得尊敬的 赞成；赞许；批准
6．urge vt.___________________7．abandn vt.___________________8．assumptin n．___________________9．respected adj.___________________10．wisdm n．___________________11．we vt._____________________________12．shadw n．___________________
强烈要求；敦促 放弃；抛弃 假定，假设 受尊敬的，受敬重的 智慧 有……是由于；把……归功于 阴影
13．cnventinal adj.___________________14．vital adj.______________________15．beneficial adj.___________________16．rank n．___________________17．ryal adj.___________________18．church n．___________________
守旧的；传统的 极其重要的，必不可少的 有利的，有帮助的 等级 皇家的；王室的 教会；教堂
19．universe n．___________________20．primitive adj.___________________21．prisn n．___________________22．kingdm n．___________________23．civilisatin n．___________________24．mankind n．___________________
宇宙 原始的 监狱 王国 文明 人类
1．be wrthy t be dne___________________2．apprve f sb. ding sth.___________________3．urge sb. t d sth.___________________4．be beneficial t…___________________5．shw respect fr___________________6．t start with___________________
值得被…… 赞成某人做某事 敦促某人做某事 对……有益 尊敬 首先
7．be used t ding sth.___________________8．put sb. in prisn___________________9．be built upn…___________________10．we…t…___________________11．g against___________________12．in ther wrds___________________13．at times___________________
习惯于做某事 把某人关进监狱 基于；以……为基础 把……归功于…… 违背 换句话说 有时
1．(P36)…peple like Galile Galilei(1564-1642)，wh prved the idea that “the Earth is nt the centre f the universe”，were ften punished by the church _________________________ (没有人来为他们辩护)．(with的复合结构)
2．(P37)All truths are _________________ (容易理解) nce they are discvered… (it作形式主语，t d作真正的主语)3．(P38)Hw did the writer ______________ t the readers (让他/她的观点很清晰)？(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)【答案】1．with n ne cming t their defence2．easy t understand3．make his/her pinin clear
一、阅读理解( )1．What is the first step t acquire knwledge and understanding?A．T find answers.B．T study the facts.C．T test answers.D．T put frward questins.
( )2．Wh slve/slved the wrld’s prblems by thinking and analyzing wccrding t the passage?A．Peple nwadays.B．Peple in the 17th century.C．Mdern scientists and thinkers.D．The great philspher Aristtle.
( )3．Why didn’t peple in the 17th century believe Galile Galilei?A．Because they believed mre in religin.B．Because the Earth was standing still.C．Because Bacn put frward the view that the Earth must be the center f the universe.D．Galilei culdn’t prve his view that the Earth was nt the center f the universe.
( )4．What’s the aim f the writer when Aristtle and Galilei are referred t in the third paragraph?A．Aristtle was wrng.B．It’s unbelievable fr great men t be wrng.C．Galilei was wrng.D．Everyne can be wrng at times.
( )5．What’s the main idea f the sentence “All truths are easy t understand nce they are discvered; the pint is t discver them”？A．All truths are easy t discver.B．It’s mst imprtant t discver truths.C．It’s mre imprtant t understand truths than t discver them.D．If we want t discver truths，we shuld first understand them.【答案】1-5 DCADB
二、判断正误( )1．In Bacn’s days，the wrking style f the gvernment was very inefficient.( )2．Aristtle prved the idea that the Earth is nt the centre f the universe.( )3．Peple were strngly against Galilei’s studies at first and then urged him t give up.
( )4．Our understanding f the wrld is cnstantly grwing and changing.( )5．Peple in the past were willing t give up what they had always thught as true.【答案】1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．F
三、匹配段落大意【答案】Para. 1：B Para. 2：C Para. 3：D Para. 4-5：A
1．g against 违背；不利于；反对(P36)Hwever，in the 17th century when Francis Bacn (1561-1626) suggested that this type f thinking was the way t gain knwledge，he was ging against the views f the day.【翻译】然而，在17世纪，当弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)认为这种思维是获得知识的途径时，他违背了当时的观点。
【语言提升】If yu g against nature，it will punish yu.如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。g fr 努力获取G fr it，Jhn! I knw yu can win the game.加油，约翰！我知道你能赢得这场比赛。
g in fr 从事；参加；喜欢Mst students in ur class g in fr scientific activities.我们班上大多数学生参加各项科学活动。g thrugh 经历；仔细检查He was ging thrugh a very difficult time.他正处于非常艰难的时期。
g up 上升；上涨；增长The ttal sales went up by 20% cmpared with that f the year befre.与前年相比，总销售额上升了20%。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)N matter what we d，we shuld at n time g ________ nature.(2)I think the best way t keep fit is t g in ________ sprts.
(3)The her went ________ all kinds f hardships in the ld sciety.(4)The prices f hmes ges ________ and peple frm the area cannt affrd t buy a huse there.【答案】(1)against (2)fr (3)thrugh (4)up
2．wrthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的(P36) …his true interest was nt the day-t-day，slw and inefficient wrking style f the gvernment，but the wrthy search fr knwledge.【翻译】……他真正的兴趣并不是政府日复一日、缓慢低效的工作方式，而是对知识的有价值的探索。
【语言提升】The mney we raise will be ging t a very wrthy cause.我们筹集的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。be wrthy f sth. 值得……的The bank might think yu’re wrthy f a lan.银行也许会认为你具备贷款的条件。
be wrthy t be dne 值得被做This suggestin is wrthy t be cnsidered.这个建议是值得考虑的。be wrthy f being dne 值得被……James is wrthy f being trusted.詹姆斯值得信任。
【归纳拓展】be (well) wrth ding sth. (很)值得做某事This technlgy is wrth spreading.这项技术值得推广。It is wrthwhile t d/ding sth. 值得做某事It is wrthwhile t read/reading the science fictin.这个科幻小说值得一读。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The Minister says the idea is wrthy ________ cnsideratin.(2) ________ is wrthwhile making an appintment befre yu g.
(3)Qingda was wrth ________ (visit) because it gave me a deep impressin.(4)I think the way she runs her bkshp is wrthy f ________ (study)．【答案】(1)f (2)It (3)visiting (4)being studied
3．apprve vt. 赞成；赞许；批准(P37)At first，peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue…【翻译】起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究……
【语言提升】Chairman Liu said that he wuld nt apprve this plan.刘主席说他不批准这项计划。apprve f sth. 赞成某事D yu apprve f my idea?你同意我的想法吗？
apprve f sb. /ne’s ding sth. 赞成某人做某事She desn’t apprve f me/my leaving schl this year.她不同意我今年离校。apprval n．赞成；同意；批准D the plans meet with yur apprval?这些计划你赞成吗？
apprving adj. 赞成的；同意的He gave me an apprving nd.他向我点头表示同意。
【归纳拓展】disapprve vi. 不同意；不赞成disapprval n．不同意；不赞成disapprving adj. 不赞成的；反对的
【针对练习】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Her father will never _____________________ such a lazy fellw.她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。
(2)Her parents did nt apprve ________ her decisin.(3)The city fficials have just given final ________ (apprve) t a new stadium.【答案】(1)apprve f her marrying (2)f (3)apprval
4．urge vt. 强烈要求；敦促(P37)At first，peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue…【翻译】起初，人们赞同他的研究，并敦促他继续下去……
【语言提升】urge sb. t d sth. 敦促某人做某事It is implite t urge ther peple t drink in the west.在西方，过分劝酒是不礼貌的。
urge that…(shuld) d sth. 强烈要求……The reprt urged that all children (shuld) be taught t swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。urge n．强烈的冲动；欲望the urge t d sth. 做某事的欲望/冲动He had an urge t pen a shp f his wn.他很想自己开一家店。
【拓展联想】urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I was embarrassed，but I fught the urge ________ (run) ff the stage.(2)He urged that everyne ________ (cntribute) t ur mtherland.(3)Jenny urged me ________ (eat) the strange fd.【答案】(1)t run (2)(shuld) cntribute (3)t eat
5．assumptin n．假定，假设(P37)Peple make the assumptin that if smene imprtant and respected says that smething is right，then it must be s.【翻译】人们认为，如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么它就一定是对的。
【语言提升】We are wrking n the assumptin that it was a gas explsin.我们假设这是一场燃气爆炸事故。assume vt. 假定，假设；承担I made a mistake and I will assume respnsibility fr it.我犯了错误，我愿意为此承担责任。
assume…t be… 以为/假定……是……We assumed the yung man in black t be ur new math teacher.我们以为那个穿黑衣服的年轻人是我们新的数学老师。
assuming that… 假设……(作状语)Assuming that yu are right，we’ll make a great deal f mney frm the prject.假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。It is assumed that… 假设……；人们认为……It is generally assumed that stress is caused by t much wrk.人们普遍认为压力是由过多的工作引起的。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)We are wrking n the ________ (assume) that everyne invited will turn up.(2) ________ (assume) that I am chsen t be a vlunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games，I will serve the peple heart and sul.
(3)It is ________ (assume) that yu have a gd knwledge f cmputer.【答案】(1)assumptin (2)Assuming (3)assumed
6．respected adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的(P37)Peple make the assumptin that if smene imprtant and respected says that smething is right，then it must be s.【翻译】人们认为，如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么它就一定是对的。
【语言提升】He is highly respected fr his nvels and plays.他的小说和剧本使他非常受人敬重。respect vt. 尊敬，尊重 n．尊敬；方面respect sb. fr… 因……尊敬某人She has always been hnest with me，and I respect her fr that.她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。
shw/have respect fr… 尊敬……I have the greatest respect fr yur brther.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。with respect t 关于；就……而言The tw grups were similar with respect t incme and status.这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。
【归纳拓展】respectful adj. 尊敬的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 受人尊敬的
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Accrding t his students，he is a hard-wrking and ________ (respect) teacher.(2)The yung shuld have respect ________ their elders.
(3)Yu are ________ (respect) fr yur hnesty and integrity.(4)I am writing with respect ________ the cmplaint yu made last week.【答案】(1)respectable (2)fr (3)respected (4)t
7．at times 有时；偶尔；不时(P37)But even thugh Aristtle was a great man wh inspired many great scientists and philsphers after him，he was wrng at times.【翻译】但即使亚里士多德是一个伟大的人，在他之后激发了许多伟大的科学家和哲学家，他有时也是错的。
【语言提升】The match tk nearly three hurs and was interrupted at times by rain.比赛进行了将近3个小时，几次因雨而暂停。at the same time 同时We can’t hld the tw meetings at the same time.我们不能同时开这两个会。
frm time t time 不时，有时Her daughters visited him frm time t time when he was ill.他生病的时候她的女儿们时常去探望他。at n time 在任何时候都不；绝不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)At n time can we give up learning.在任何时候，我们都不能放弃学习。
in n time 立刻，马上After the accident，the injured were taken t the nearest hspital in n time.事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。in time 及时；最终n time 按时；准时
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)That machine went ut f rder ________ times.(2)It’s impssible t get everybdy tgether at ________ same time.
(3) ________ n time shuld we abandn the dream!(4)Frm time ________ time，James remained at hme with his family.【答案】(1)at (2)the (3)At (4)t
8．in ther wrds 换句话说；换言之(P37) In ther wrds，we learn mre every day and nne f us can ever sit back and say，“We knw it all. ”【翻译】换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，没有人什么都不做就说：“我们什么都懂。”
【语言提升】In ther wrds，China is nw rich enugh t d smething abut its pllutin.换句话说，中国现在够有钱了，可以开始治理污染了。in a wrd 总而言之In a wrd，learning English is nt nly necessary but als imprtant.总而言之，学习英语不仅是必要的，而且也很重要。
have a wrd with sb. 和某人说句话I want t have a wrd with yu after the meeting.会后我想跟你讲句话。keep ne’s wrd 遵守诺言He prmised that he wuld keep his wrd，and s he did.他向我保证会信守诺言，他做到了。
Wrd came that…消息传来……Wrd came that the Chinese team had wn the match.消息传来，中国队赢了这场比赛。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)In ________ wrds，ur habits make us wh we are.(2)In ________ wrd，he is tired f discussing the trublesme things.(3)Wrd came ________ Linda wn the first prize in the English test yesterday.【答案】(1)ther (2)a (3)that
9．we vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于(P37)We we s much f ur knwledge and understanding f the wrld t peple like Bacn and Galilei…【翻译】我们对这个世界的认识和理解都要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人……
【语言提升】we sth. t sb. ＝we sb. sth.欠某人某物；把……归功于某人She still wes her father ￡3 000．＝She still wes ￡3 000 t her father.她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。
He wes his success t hard wrk.他的成功是靠勤奋工作。wing t 由于He was ut f wrk wing t a physical injury.他因为受伤而失业了。
【温馨提示】表示“由于”的其他表达方式；because f; as a result f; due t; n accunt f; thanks t等。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I we my success ________ my educatin.(2) ________ (we) t the help frm his teachers，he has made rapid prgress.【答案】(1)t (2)Owing
10．beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的(P37)These men knew that knwledge and understanding are things t fight fr; mre vital t a man，and mre beneficial t mankind，smene might say，than all the mney in the wrld.【翻译】这些人懂得，知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有些人(甚至)可能认为，对个人或人类来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。
【语言提升】be beneficial t… 对……有益A balanced diet is beneficial t health.均衡的饮食有益于健康。
benefit n．好处；益处be f (great) benefit t… 对……有益My English knwledge will be f great benefit t my future wrk.我的英语知识对我将来工作有好处。
be f n benefit t…＝be nt beneficial t…对……没好处Smking is f n benefit t yu.吸烟对你没有好处。
benefit vi. &vt. (使)受益；有益于benefit sb. /sth. 使某人/某物受益It’s a skill that will benefit yu thrughut yur life.这是一个将使你受益终身的技能。benefit frm… 从……中受益Yu will benefit frm this experience in the end.你最终会从这次经历中获益。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Walking is extremely ________ (benefit) t yur bdy shape.(2)This dictinary is ________ great benefit t students.(3)I might benefit ________ getting my teeth fixed.【答案】(1)beneficial (2)f (3)frm
1．(P36)…peple like Galile Galilei (1564-1642)，wh prved the idea that “the Earth is nt the centre f the universe”，were ften punished by the church with n ne cming t their defence.【翻译】像伽利略(1564-1642)这样的人，他证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的观点，经常受到教会的惩罚，却没有人来为他们辩护。
【句式剖析】本句中“with n ne cming t their defence”是with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，此结构在句中作状语，其中cming…是现在分词作宾语补足语。
【句式提升】在介词with的复合结构中，第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当。
(1)with＋宾语＋ding (ding表主动或正在进行的动作)With spring cming n，trees turn green.随着春天的到来，树木变绿了。(2)with＋宾语＋t d (t d表示将来的动作)I can’t g shpping with yu with s many tasks t finish.有这么多任务要完成，我不能和你去购物了。
(3)with＋宾语＋dne (dne表被动或已完成的动作)He went t sleep happily with his tasks finished.任务完成后，他愉快地去睡觉了。(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj. /adv.My teacher walked int the classrm with a bk in her hand.我的老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)T his surprise，the by came ut ________ the watch in his hand.(2)They sat tgether arund the table，with the dr ________ (clse)．
(3)With the by __________ (lead) the way，they easily fund the huse.(4)With a lt f wrk ________ (d)，he had t stay at hme.【答案】(1)with (2)clsed (3)leading (4)t d
2．(P37)All truths are easy t understand nce they are discvered…【翻译】真理一旦被发现，就很容易理解……【句式剖析】本句中运用了“be＋adj. ＋t d”的结构，其中t d用主动形式表被动意义。
【句式提升】在“be＋性质形容词＋t d”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，cmfrtable，fit，dangerus，safe，light，heavy，pleasant，imprtant，impssible，interesting，nice等。
The machine is easy t perate.这台机器操作方便。The sentence is hard t understand.这个句子很难理解。The picture is pleasant t lk at.这照片看起来很舒服。
【归纳拓展】(1)上述结构中的主语与不定式之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。The glasses are cmfrtable t wear.这副眼镜戴起来很舒服。(glasses与wear之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)
(2)上述结构中不定式的动词必须是及物动词，否则后面要添加相应的介词。He is easy t get alng with.他很容易相处。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The traveller’s behaviur n the jurney is hard ________ (explain)．(2)The result f the ftball match is nt easy ________ (predict)．【答案】(1)t explain (2)t predict
3．(P38)Hw did the writer make his/her pinin clear t the readers?【翻译】作者是如何让读者明白他/她的观点的？【句式剖析】句中“make his/her pinin clear”是make的复合结构，即make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；其中his/her pinin作宾语，形容词clear作宾语补足语。
【句式提升】make复合结构的具体用法：(1)make＋宾语＋d sth. 让……做某事The stranger eventually made her believe that he was her friend.这位陌生人最终让她相信他是自己的朋友。
(2)make＋宾语＋dne 让……被……My English teacher raised her vice t make herself heard.我的英语老师提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到她的话。(3)make＋宾语＋adj. /n. 让……变得……T my surprise，they all want t make me their mnitr.令我吃惊的是，他们都想让我当他们的班长。
(4)make＋it＋adj. /n. ＋t d sth. (it作形式宾语，t d sth. 为真正的宾语)The heavy rain made it impssible fr us t g fr a picnic.大雨使我们无法去野餐。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Jenny explained the questin again t make herself ________ (understand)．(2)My parents made ________ a pint fr their tw kids t spend time utside，n matter the weather r seasn.【答案】(1)understd (2)it
英语中同一个名词可以和不同的动词或动词短语搭配到一起，构成不同的含义。在阅读文章时，我们要细心查看这些动词和同一名词的搭配，以便更准确地理解句意，体会作者的情感，把握文章的主题。如：
acquire knwledge 获得知识master knwledge 掌握知识lack knwledge 缺乏知识search fr knwledge 求知extend knwledge 扩充知识面
Many Chinese lack knwledge f tax system.许多中国人缺乏对税收制度的了解。Yu can extend yur knwledge by reading bks.你可以通过读书来增长知识。
like the idea喜欢这个想法apprve f the idea赞成这个提议cme up with the idea 提出想法give up the idea 打消念头
He gives up the idea f ging abrad.他放弃了出国的念头。I really apprve f the idea f helping peple.我非常赞同帮助他人的提议。
slve the prblem 解决问题find the prblem发现问题cause the prblem导致问题deal with the prblem处理问题
His effrts at slving the prblem failed.他企图解决这一问题的努力失败了。It was yur mistake that caused the prblem.是你的错误造成了这个问题。
ignre the fact忽视事实believe in the fact相信真相hide the fact 隐瞒事实face the fact面对现实accunt fr the fact解释事实
It’s abut time yu learned t face the facts.现在该是你学会正视事实的时候了。Hw d yu accunt fr the fact that unemplyment is still rising?你如何解释失业人数仍在增加这个现实？
用下列短语的正确形式填空ignre the fact; cme up with the idea; hide the fact; give up the idea; deal with the prblem; acquire knwledge1．We can ____________________ nt nly frm bks but als thrugh scial practice.2．She made n attempt t __________________ .3．Wh ____________________ f Fathers’ Day?
4．We must take actin t __________ befre it spreads t ther areas.5．Nwadays，when it cmes t summer，we can’t ________________ that the temperature grws higher and higher.6．He _____________ f ging t America fr lack f funds.【答案】1．acquire knwledge 2．hide the fact3．came up with the idea 4．deal with the prblem5．ignre the fact 6．gave up the idea
一、单词拼写1．It was impssible t make ________ (假设) abut peple’s reactins.2．With these utstanding features，even thugh it is __________ (效率低的)，is still widely used.3．Using cmputers has __________ (有利的) effect n children’s learning.
4．The plice play a __________ (极其重要的) rle in ur sciety.5．I didn’t __________ (赞成) f what she was saying，s I walked away.6．Yu shuldn’t a________ the gal，r yu will return t yur bad habits.7．Yu can ask fr a chemical a________ f yur tap water.
8．We all shuld r________ ur parents and teachers.9．Such an explanatin seems t simple，and t ________ .10．The museum is w________ t be visited.【答案】1．assumptins 2．inefficient 3．beneficial4．vital 5．apprve 6．abandn 7．analysis 8．respect 9．bvius 10．wrthy
二、单句语法填空1．Her neighburs respect her ________ her kindness.2．It can be ________ (benefit) t share yur feelings with smene yu trust.3．Share yur ________ (wise) and stry with us in the cmment sectin.4．________ ther wrds，he was unwilling t leave the city.
5．Such prblems are a ________ (universe) feature f ld age.6．If yu g ________ yur father’s wishes，yu will have t leave hme.7．He wed his survival ________ his strength as a swimmer.8．We shuld cnstantly urge urselves ________ (study) hard.
9．________ (bvius)，she desn’t want t talk abut her childhd.10．________ times，she likes sitting n a beach.【答案】1．fr 2．beneficial 3．wisdm 4．In5．universal 6．against 7．t 8．t study9．Obviusly 10．At
三、完成句子1．We have made ________ a habit ________________ fr a walk after dinner.我们已经养成了饭后散步的习惯。2．With _____________________ ，the students are busy preparing fr the exams.随着寒假的到来，学生们正忙着准备考试。
3．As far as I’m cncerned，the way f learning English is _______________ .就我而言，学习英语的方法很容易掌握。4．It is knwn that exercise is ____________________ human health.众所周知，运动对人体健康有很大好处。
5．I _________________________ peple ut when they’re in truble.当人们有困难的时候，我就有帮助他们的冲动。【答案】1．it; t g 2．the winner hliday cming3．easy t master 4．f great benefit t5．have an urge t help
1．bvius adj._________________________2．analysis n．___________________3．inefficient adj.___________________4．wrthy adj.______________________5．apprve vt.___________________
显然的，明显的；易理解的 分析 效率低的 有价值的；值得尊敬的 赞成；赞许；批准
6．urge vt.___________________7．abandn vt.___________________8．assumptin n．___________________9．respected adj.___________________10．wisdm n．___________________11．we vt._____________________________12．shadw n．___________________
强烈要求；敦促 放弃；抛弃 假定，假设 受尊敬的，受敬重的 智慧 有……是由于；把……归功于 阴影
13．cnventinal adj.___________________14．vital adj.______________________15．beneficial adj.___________________16．rank n．___________________17．ryal adj.___________________18．church n．___________________
守旧的；传统的 极其重要的，必不可少的 有利的，有帮助的 等级 皇家的；王室的 教会；教堂
19．universe n．___________________20．primitive adj.___________________21．prisn n．___________________22．kingdm n．___________________23．civilisatin n．___________________24．mankind n．___________________
宇宙 原始的 监狱 王国 文明 人类
1．be wrthy t be dne___________________2．apprve f sb. ding sth.___________________3．urge sb. t d sth.___________________4．be beneficial t…___________________5．shw respect fr___________________6．t start with___________________
值得被…… 赞成某人做某事 敦促某人做某事 对……有益 尊敬 首先
7．be used t ding sth.___________________8．put sb. in prisn___________________9．be built upn…___________________10．we…t…___________________11．g against___________________12．in ther wrds___________________13．at times___________________
习惯于做某事 把某人关进监狱 基于；以……为基础 把……归功于…… 违背 换句话说 有时
1．(P36)…peple like Galile Galilei(1564-1642)，wh prved the idea that “the Earth is nt the centre f the universe”，were ften punished by the church _________________________ (没有人来为他们辩护)．(with的复合结构)
2．(P37)All truths are _________________ (容易理解) nce they are discvered… (it作形式主语，t d作真正的主语)3．(P38)Hw did the writer ______________ t the readers (让他/她的观点很清晰)？(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)【答案】1．with n ne cming t their defence2．easy t understand3．make his/her pinin clear
一、阅读理解( )1．What is the first step t acquire knwledge and understanding?A．T find answers.B．T study the facts.C．T test answers.D．T put frward questins.
( )2．Wh slve/slved the wrld’s prblems by thinking and analyzing wccrding t the passage?A．Peple nwadays.B．Peple in the 17th century.C．Mdern scientists and thinkers.D．The great philspher Aristtle.
( )3．Why didn’t peple in the 17th century believe Galile Galilei?A．Because they believed mre in religin.B．Because the Earth was standing still.C．Because Bacn put frward the view that the Earth must be the center f the universe.D．Galilei culdn’t prve his view that the Earth was nt the center f the universe.
( )4．What’s the aim f the writer when Aristtle and Galilei are referred t in the third paragraph?A．Aristtle was wrng.B．It’s unbelievable fr great men t be wrng.C．Galilei was wrng.D．Everyne can be wrng at times.
( )5．What’s the main idea f the sentence “All truths are easy t understand nce they are discvered; the pint is t discver them”？A．All truths are easy t discver.B．It’s mst imprtant t discver truths.C．It’s mre imprtant t understand truths than t discver them.D．If we want t discver truths，we shuld first understand them.【答案】1-5 DCADB
二、判断正误( )1．In Bacn’s days，the wrking style f the gvernment was very inefficient.( )2．Aristtle prved the idea that the Earth is nt the centre f the universe.( )3．Peple were strngly against Galilei’s studies at first and then urged him t give up.
( )4．Our understanding f the wrld is cnstantly grwing and changing.( )5．Peple in the past were willing t give up what they had always thught as true.【答案】1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．F
三、匹配段落大意【答案】Para. 1：B Para. 2：C Para. 3：D Para. 4-5：A
1．g against 违背；不利于；反对(P36)Hwever，in the 17th century when Francis Bacn (1561-1626) suggested that this type f thinking was the way t gain knwledge，he was ging against the views f the day.【翻译】然而，在17世纪，当弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)认为这种思维是获得知识的途径时，他违背了当时的观点。
【语言提升】If yu g against nature，it will punish yu.如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。g fr 努力获取G fr it，Jhn! I knw yu can win the game.加油，约翰！我知道你能赢得这场比赛。
g in fr 从事；参加；喜欢Mst students in ur class g in fr scientific activities.我们班上大多数学生参加各项科学活动。g thrugh 经历；仔细检查He was ging thrugh a very difficult time.他正处于非常艰难的时期。
g up 上升；上涨；增长The ttal sales went up by 20% cmpared with that f the year befre.与前年相比，总销售额上升了20%。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)N matter what we d，we shuld at n time g ________ nature.(2)I think the best way t keep fit is t g in ________ sprts.
(3)The her went ________ all kinds f hardships in the ld sciety.(4)The prices f hmes ges ________ and peple frm the area cannt affrd t buy a huse there.【答案】(1)against (2)fr (3)thrugh (4)up
2．wrthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的(P36) …his true interest was nt the day-t-day，slw and inefficient wrking style f the gvernment，but the wrthy search fr knwledge.【翻译】……他真正的兴趣并不是政府日复一日、缓慢低效的工作方式，而是对知识的有价值的探索。
【语言提升】The mney we raise will be ging t a very wrthy cause.我们筹集的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。be wrthy f sth. 值得……的The bank might think yu’re wrthy f a lan.银行也许会认为你具备贷款的条件。
be wrthy t be dne 值得被做This suggestin is wrthy t be cnsidered.这个建议是值得考虑的。be wrthy f being dne 值得被……James is wrthy f being trusted.詹姆斯值得信任。
【归纳拓展】be (well) wrth ding sth. (很)值得做某事This technlgy is wrth spreading.这项技术值得推广。It is wrthwhile t d/ding sth. 值得做某事It is wrthwhile t read/reading the science fictin.这个科幻小说值得一读。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The Minister says the idea is wrthy ________ cnsideratin.(2) ________ is wrthwhile making an appintment befre yu g.
(3)Qingda was wrth ________ (visit) because it gave me a deep impressin.(4)I think the way she runs her bkshp is wrthy f ________ (study)．【答案】(1)f (2)It (3)visiting (4)being studied
3．apprve vt. 赞成；赞许；批准(P37)At first，peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue…【翻译】起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究……
【语言提升】Chairman Liu said that he wuld nt apprve this plan.刘主席说他不批准这项计划。apprve f sth. 赞成某事D yu apprve f my idea?你同意我的想法吗？
apprve f sb. /ne’s ding sth. 赞成某人做某事She desn’t apprve f me/my leaving schl this year.她不同意我今年离校。apprval n．赞成；同意；批准D the plans meet with yur apprval?这些计划你赞成吗？
apprving adj. 赞成的；同意的He gave me an apprving nd.他向我点头表示同意。
【归纳拓展】disapprve vi. 不同意；不赞成disapprval n．不同意；不赞成disapprving adj. 不赞成的；反对的
【针对练习】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Her father will never _____________________ such a lazy fellw.她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。
(2)Her parents did nt apprve ________ her decisin.(3)The city fficials have just given final ________ (apprve) t a new stadium.【答案】(1)apprve f her marrying (2)f (3)apprval
4．urge vt. 强烈要求；敦促(P37)At first，peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue…【翻译】起初，人们赞同他的研究，并敦促他继续下去……
【语言提升】urge sb. t d sth. 敦促某人做某事It is implite t urge ther peple t drink in the west.在西方，过分劝酒是不礼貌的。
urge that…(shuld) d sth. 强烈要求……The reprt urged that all children (shuld) be taught t swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。urge n．强烈的冲动；欲望the urge t d sth. 做某事的欲望/冲动He had an urge t pen a shp f his wn.他很想自己开一家店。
【拓展联想】urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I was embarrassed，but I fught the urge ________ (run) ff the stage.(2)He urged that everyne ________ (cntribute) t ur mtherland.(3)Jenny urged me ________ (eat) the strange fd.【答案】(1)t run (2)(shuld) cntribute (3)t eat
5．assumptin n．假定，假设(P37)Peple make the assumptin that if smene imprtant and respected says that smething is right，then it must be s.【翻译】人们认为，如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么它就一定是对的。
【语言提升】We are wrking n the assumptin that it was a gas explsin.我们假设这是一场燃气爆炸事故。assume vt. 假定，假设；承担I made a mistake and I will assume respnsibility fr it.我犯了错误，我愿意为此承担责任。
assume…t be… 以为/假定……是……We assumed the yung man in black t be ur new math teacher.我们以为那个穿黑衣服的年轻人是我们新的数学老师。
assuming that… 假设……(作状语)Assuming that yu are right，we’ll make a great deal f mney frm the prject.假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。It is assumed that… 假设……；人们认为……It is generally assumed that stress is caused by t much wrk.人们普遍认为压力是由过多的工作引起的。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)We are wrking n the ________ (assume) that everyne invited will turn up.(2) ________ (assume) that I am chsen t be a vlunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games，I will serve the peple heart and sul.
(3)It is ________ (assume) that yu have a gd knwledge f cmputer.【答案】(1)assumptin (2)Assuming (3)assumed
6．respected adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的(P37)Peple make the assumptin that if smene imprtant and respected says that smething is right，then it must be s.【翻译】人们认为，如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么它就一定是对的。
【语言提升】He is highly respected fr his nvels and plays.他的小说和剧本使他非常受人敬重。respect vt. 尊敬，尊重 n．尊敬；方面respect sb. fr… 因……尊敬某人She has always been hnest with me，and I respect her fr that.她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。
shw/have respect fr… 尊敬……I have the greatest respect fr yur brther.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。with respect t 关于；就……而言The tw grups were similar with respect t incme and status.这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。
【归纳拓展】respectful adj. 尊敬的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 受人尊敬的
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Accrding t his students，he is a hard-wrking and ________ (respect) teacher.(2)The yung shuld have respect ________ their elders.
(3)Yu are ________ (respect) fr yur hnesty and integrity.(4)I am writing with respect ________ the cmplaint yu made last week.【答案】(1)respectable (2)fr (3)respected (4)t
7．at times 有时；偶尔；不时(P37)But even thugh Aristtle was a great man wh inspired many great scientists and philsphers after him，he was wrng at times.【翻译】但即使亚里士多德是一个伟大的人，在他之后激发了许多伟大的科学家和哲学家，他有时也是错的。
【语言提升】The match tk nearly three hurs and was interrupted at times by rain.比赛进行了将近3个小时，几次因雨而暂停。at the same time 同时We can’t hld the tw meetings at the same time.我们不能同时开这两个会。
frm time t time 不时，有时Her daughters visited him frm time t time when he was ill.他生病的时候她的女儿们时常去探望他。at n time 在任何时候都不；绝不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)At n time can we give up learning.在任何时候，我们都不能放弃学习。
in n time 立刻，马上After the accident，the injured were taken t the nearest hspital in n time.事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。in time 及时；最终n time 按时；准时
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)That machine went ut f rder ________ times.(2)It’s impssible t get everybdy tgether at ________ same time.
(3) ________ n time shuld we abandn the dream!(4)Frm time ________ time，James remained at hme with his family.【答案】(1)at (2)the (3)At (4)t
8．in ther wrds 换句话说；换言之(P37) In ther wrds，we learn mre every day and nne f us can ever sit back and say，“We knw it all. ”【翻译】换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，没有人什么都不做就说：“我们什么都懂。”
【语言提升】In ther wrds，China is nw rich enugh t d smething abut its pllutin.换句话说，中国现在够有钱了，可以开始治理污染了。in a wrd 总而言之In a wrd，learning English is nt nly necessary but als imprtant.总而言之，学习英语不仅是必要的，而且也很重要。
have a wrd with sb. 和某人说句话I want t have a wrd with yu after the meeting.会后我想跟你讲句话。keep ne’s wrd 遵守诺言He prmised that he wuld keep his wrd，and s he did.他向我保证会信守诺言，他做到了。
Wrd came that…消息传来……Wrd came that the Chinese team had wn the match.消息传来，中国队赢了这场比赛。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)In ________ wrds，ur habits make us wh we are.(2)In ________ wrd，he is tired f discussing the trublesme things.(3)Wrd came ________ Linda wn the first prize in the English test yesterday.【答案】(1)ther (2)a (3)that
9．we vt. 有……是由于；把……归功于(P37)We we s much f ur knwledge and understanding f the wrld t peple like Bacn and Galilei…【翻译】我们对这个世界的认识和理解都要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人……
【语言提升】we sth. t sb. ＝we sb. sth.欠某人某物；把……归功于某人She still wes her father ￡3 000．＝She still wes ￡3 000 t her father.她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。
He wes his success t hard wrk.他的成功是靠勤奋工作。wing t 由于He was ut f wrk wing t a physical injury.他因为受伤而失业了。
【温馨提示】表示“由于”的其他表达方式；because f; as a result f; due t; n accunt f; thanks t等。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I we my success ________ my educatin.(2) ________ (we) t the help frm his teachers，he has made rapid prgress.【答案】(1)t (2)Owing
10．beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的(P37)These men knew that knwledge and understanding are things t fight fr; mre vital t a man，and mre beneficial t mankind，smene might say，than all the mney in the wrld.【翻译】这些人懂得，知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有些人(甚至)可能认为，对个人或人类来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。
【语言提升】be beneficial t… 对……有益A balanced diet is beneficial t health.均衡的饮食有益于健康。
benefit n．好处；益处be f (great) benefit t… 对……有益My English knwledge will be f great benefit t my future wrk.我的英语知识对我将来工作有好处。
be f n benefit t…＝be nt beneficial t…对……没好处Smking is f n benefit t yu.吸烟对你没有好处。
benefit vi. &vt. (使)受益；有益于benefit sb. /sth. 使某人/某物受益It’s a skill that will benefit yu thrughut yur life.这是一个将使你受益终身的技能。benefit frm… 从……中受益Yu will benefit frm this experience in the end.你最终会从这次经历中获益。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Walking is extremely ________ (benefit) t yur bdy shape.(2)This dictinary is ________ great benefit t students.(3)I might benefit ________ getting my teeth fixed.【答案】(1)beneficial (2)f (3)frm
1．(P36)…peple like Galile Galilei (1564-1642)，wh prved the idea that “the Earth is nt the centre f the universe”，were ften punished by the church with n ne cming t their defence.【翻译】像伽利略(1564-1642)这样的人，他证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的观点，经常受到教会的惩罚，却没有人来为他们辩护。
【句式剖析】本句中“with n ne cming t their defence”是with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，此结构在句中作状语，其中cming…是现在分词作宾语补足语。
【句式提升】在介词with的复合结构中，第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当。
(1)with＋宾语＋ding (ding表主动或正在进行的动作)With spring cming n，trees turn green.随着春天的到来，树木变绿了。(2)with＋宾语＋t d (t d表示将来的动作)I can’t g shpping with yu with s many tasks t finish.有这么多任务要完成，我不能和你去购物了。
(3)with＋宾语＋dne (dne表被动或已完成的动作)He went t sleep happily with his tasks finished.任务完成后，他愉快地去睡觉了。(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj. /adv.My teacher walked int the classrm with a bk in her hand.我的老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)T his surprise，the by came ut ________ the watch in his hand.(2)They sat tgether arund the table，with the dr ________ (clse)．
(3)With the by __________ (lead) the way，they easily fund the huse.(4)With a lt f wrk ________ (d)，he had t stay at hme.【答案】(1)with (2)clsed (3)leading (4)t d
2．(P37)All truths are easy t understand nce they are discvered…【翻译】真理一旦被发现，就很容易理解……【句式剖析】本句中运用了“be＋adj. ＋t d”的结构，其中t d用主动形式表被动意义。
【句式提升】在“be＋性质形容词＋t d”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，cmfrtable，fit，dangerus，safe，light，heavy，pleasant，imprtant，impssible，interesting，nice等。
The machine is easy t perate.这台机器操作方便。The sentence is hard t understand.这个句子很难理解。The picture is pleasant t lk at.这照片看起来很舒服。
【归纳拓展】(1)上述结构中的主语与不定式之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。The glasses are cmfrtable t wear.这副眼镜戴起来很舒服。(glasses与wear之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)
(2)上述结构中不定式的动词必须是及物动词，否则后面要添加相应的介词。He is easy t get alng with.他很容易相处。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The traveller’s behaviur n the jurney is hard ________ (explain)．(2)The result f the ftball match is nt easy ________ (predict)．【答案】(1)t explain (2)t predict
3．(P38)Hw did the writer make his/her pinin clear t the readers?【翻译】作者是如何让读者明白他/她的观点的？【句式剖析】句中“make his/her pinin clear”是make的复合结构，即make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；其中his/her pinin作宾语，形容词clear作宾语补足语。
【句式提升】make复合结构的具体用法：(1)make＋宾语＋d sth. 让……做某事The stranger eventually made her believe that he was her friend.这位陌生人最终让她相信他是自己的朋友。
(2)make＋宾语＋dne 让……被……My English teacher raised her vice t make herself heard.我的英语老师提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到她的话。(3)make＋宾语＋adj. /n. 让……变得……T my surprise，they all want t make me their mnitr.令我吃惊的是，他们都想让我当他们的班长。
(4)make＋it＋adj. /n. ＋t d sth. (it作形式宾语，t d sth. 为真正的宾语)The heavy rain made it impssible fr us t g fr a picnic.大雨使我们无法去野餐。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Jenny explained the questin again t make herself ________ (understand)．(2)My parents made ________ a pint fr their tw kids t spend time utside，n matter the weather r seasn.【答案】(1)understd (2)it
英语中同一个名词可以和不同的动词或动词短语搭配到一起，构成不同的含义。在阅读文章时，我们要细心查看这些动词和同一名词的搭配，以便更准确地理解句意，体会作者的情感，把握文章的主题。如：
acquire knwledge 获得知识master knwledge 掌握知识lack knwledge 缺乏知识search fr knwledge 求知extend knwledge 扩充知识面
Many Chinese lack knwledge f tax system.许多中国人缺乏对税收制度的了解。Yu can extend yur knwledge by reading bks.你可以通过读书来增长知识。
like the idea喜欢这个想法apprve f the idea赞成这个提议cme up with the idea 提出想法give up the idea 打消念头
He gives up the idea f ging abrad.他放弃了出国的念头。I really apprve f the idea f helping peple.我非常赞同帮助他人的提议。
slve the prblem 解决问题find the prblem发现问题cause the prblem导致问题deal with the prblem处理问题
His effrts at slving the prblem failed.他企图解决这一问题的努力失败了。It was yur mistake that caused the prblem.是你的错误造成了这个问题。
ignre the fact忽视事实believe in the fact相信真相hide the fact 隐瞒事实face the fact面对现实accunt fr the fact解释事实
It’s abut time yu learned t face the facts.现在该是你学会正视事实的时候了。Hw d yu accunt fr the fact that unemplyment is still rising?你如何解释失业人数仍在增加这个现实？
用下列短语的正确形式填空ignre the fact; cme up with the idea; hide the fact; give up the idea; deal with the prblem; acquire knwledge1．We can ____________________ nt nly frm bks but als thrugh scial practice.2．She made n attempt t __________________ .3．Wh ____________________ f Fathers’ Day?
4．We must take actin t __________ befre it spreads t ther areas.5．Nwadays，when it cmes t summer，we can’t ________________ that the temperature grws higher and higher.6．He _____________ f ging t America fr lack f funds.【答案】1．acquire knwledge 2．hide the fact3．came up with the idea 4．deal with the prblem5．ignre the fact 6．gave up the idea
一、单词拼写1．It was impssible t make ________ (假设) abut peple’s reactins.2．With these utstanding features，even thugh it is __________ (效率低的)，is still widely used.3．Using cmputers has __________ (有利的) effect n children’s learning.
4．The plice play a __________ (极其重要的) rle in ur sciety.5．I didn’t __________ (赞成) f what she was saying，s I walked away.6．Yu shuldn’t a________ the gal，r yu will return t yur bad habits.7．Yu can ask fr a chemical a________ f yur tap water.
8．We all shuld r________ ur parents and teachers.9．Such an explanatin seems t simple，and t ________ .10．The museum is w________ t be visited.【答案】1．assumptins 2．inefficient 3．beneficial4．vital 5．apprve 6．abandn 7．analysis 8．respect 9．bvius 10．wrthy
二、单句语法填空1．Her neighburs respect her ________ her kindness.2．It can be ________ (benefit) t share yur feelings with smene yu trust.3．Share yur ________ (wise) and stry with us in the cmment sectin.4．________ ther wrds，he was unwilling t leave the city.
5．Such prblems are a ________ (universe) feature f ld age.6．If yu g ________ yur father’s wishes，yu will have t leave hme.7．He wed his survival ________ his strength as a swimmer.8．We shuld cnstantly urge urselves ________ (study) hard.
9．________ (bvius)，she desn’t want t talk abut her childhd.10．________ times，she likes sitting n a beach.【答案】1．fr 2．beneficial 3．wisdm 4．In5．universal 6．against 7．t 8．t study9．Obviusly 10．At
三、完成句子1．We have made ________ a habit ________________ fr a walk after dinner.我们已经养成了饭后散步的习惯。2．With _____________________ ，the students are busy preparing fr the exams.随着寒假的到来，学生们正忙着准备考试。
3．As far as I’m cncerned，the way f learning English is _______________ .就我而言，学习英语的方法很容易掌握。4．It is knwn that exercise is ____________________ human health.众所周知，运动对人体健康有很大好处。
5．I _________________________ peple ut when they’re in truble.当人们有困难的时候，我就有帮助他们的冲动。【答案】1．it; t g 2．the winner hliday cming3．easy t master 4．f great benefit t5．have an urge t help
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