中考英语专题5：介词

专题五 介词

教学目标

1. 掌握时间介词的用法；
2. 掌握地点介词的用法；
3. 掌握介词的固定搭配；
4. 掌握易混介词的区别
5. 准确完成介词的相关练习。

介词专题

考情分析
介词一般用于名词前，和名词组成介词短语。各地中考试题中，介词是一个重要考点。测试内容包括：时间介词的用法，地点介词的用法，介词的固定搭配，易混介词的区别等。考查题型主要有单项选择，完成句子，句型转换，完型填空等。

自我测试
1. There are two classes _____ Wednesday afternoon.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
2. ______ May 27th,2008,millions of people watched the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay in Nanjing.
A On B In C At D For
3.We will never forget what happened ____ the afternoon of May 12,2008.
A in B by C at D on
4.Peter usually gets up early ____ the morning.
A on B in C at D of
5.The visitors _____ Japan arrived ______ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning.
A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on
6. They arrived ____ Guangzhou ___ the morning of May 25.
A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; during
7. Mr. Smith lives _____ that building. His house is _____ the fifth floor.
A. in, on B. of, to C. on, in D. to, at
8. There were lots of people _____ the bus on my way back home yesterday.
A. on B. at C. by D. for
9. Lily asked her brother, Mike, not to be angry ______ her.
A. in B. to C. with D. for
10. Is everyone here good _____ dancing?
A. at B. on C. to D. for
11. Children are often told not to play ______ fire.
A. on B. for C. with D. under
12.The boy filled the bottle ______ some milk. Now it’s full ______ milk.
A. with; with B. of; with C. with; of D. off; without
13.What’s the difference _____ a sheep and a goat?
A. from B. to C. between D. among
14. Our English teacher was standing _____ us so that she could hear us all clearly.
A. away from B far behind C between D among
15. You can improve your English ______ reading more.
A. in B. with C. by D. of
16.What’s the difference _____ a sheep and a goat?
A. from B. to C. between D. among


知识梳理


考点归纳
【考点1】时间介词
1. at
多用于具体钟点前，如：at seven, at a quarter to one; 也可用于固定搭配中。
如：at noon, at night
例题：We usually have the first class _____ 8:00 in the morning.
A. of B. in C. on D. at

2. in
表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。
如：in the twenty-first century在21世纪，in autumn 在秋天，in the morning 在早晨
还可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
例题：The 31st Olympic Games will take place ________ August, 2016.
A. in B. on C. at

3. on
主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。
如：on Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节 on June 1st 在6月1日
例题：Prime Minister Li Keqiang arrived in Shiyan ____ May 23rd, 2016.
A. at B. on C. in D. from

4. since, from和for
(1). since指从某时一直延续至今，后常接时间点，句子用完成时。
如：He has lived here since 1993. 从1993年开始他一直住在这里。
(2). from说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
如：From now on, I will learn English every morning. 从今以后，每天早晨我将学英语。
(3). for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，句子用完成时。
如：I have studied English for six years. 我已经学英语六年了。
例题： —Junior high school days will be over _______ a week. How are you feeling?
—I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together ________ three years.
A. in; in B. for; in C. in; for D. for; for

5. after
(1). after表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时。
如：They finished the work after two years. 他们两年后完成了这项工作。
(2). after与时间点连用表示将来某个时间之后。
如：I’ll ring you up after two o’clock. 我会在两点后打电话给你。
例题：Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours ______first message on Weibo.
A. before B. since C. after D. until

6. by + 时间点
表示“到……时为止”，如果by后跟一个过去的时间点，句子应用过去完成时。
如：We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上个学期末，我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。

7. during + 时间段
与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。
如：He lives with us during these years. 这些年他跟我们一起住。
例题：They usually go shopping _____ their lunch break.
A. against B. among C. between D. during

8. until
until与否定词连用，意为“直到…才”，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；until用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。
如：I didn’t leave until my mother came back. 直到我妈妈回家我才离开。
I waited for my mother until she came home. 我一直等到妈妈回家。
9. before和after in和after表示时间
分别意为“在……之前”和“在……之后”。
如：Please bring your homework before 10 o’clock. 请于十点前把你们的作业拿来。
例题：Look out! Look at the traffic lights ____crossing the road.
A．before B．after C．since

10. in和after表示时间的区别
(1). in表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用；对时间状语“in+时间段”（表将来）提问可以用how soon。
注意：in the past意为“在过去”，与过去时连用；in the past/ last+时间段，意为“在过去的……中”表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。
如：In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年中，我们学校的变化很大。
(2). “after + 时间段”常与过去时连用，“after + 时间点”常与将来时连用。
例：—You've been here ______ a month. Don't you miss your parents?
—Yes, I plan to come back home _____ a month.
A. in; in B. for; in C. for; after D. after; after


【考点2】地点介词
1. 表示方位的in, on和to
in表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外（不属于改范围）；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。
如：Fujian Province is in the south-east of China. 福建省位于中国的东南部。
China is to the west of Japan. 中国在日本的西边。
例题：Taiwan lies ______ the east of Fujian, ______ the southeast of China.
A. on; in B. to; in C. on; to

2. over, above和on的用法
over有“正上方”“越过”“覆盖在上面”之意；above指在上方，不一定表示正上方；on指在上面，表示两物体接触。
如：Raise your hands above your head. 把你的手举过你的头。
There is a cup on the table. 桌子上有一个杯子。
例题：Mr. Green is writing _____ the blackboard.
A. in B. on C. at

3. at, in和on的用法区别[来源:Zxxk.Com]
at与较小的地点连用；in与较大的地点连用；on表示在一个平面上。
如：at home 在家；in China 在中国；on the farm 在农场
例题：Paul's mother is a nurse. She works _____ a hospital.
A. with B. on C. of D. in

4. in front of, in the front of和before
(1). in front of表示“在……的前面”（范围外）。
如：There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。
(2). in the front of表示“在……的前部”（范围内）。
如：Put the shortest flowers in the front of the bunch. 把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。
(3). before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同，表示“在……前面”。
如：He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。
例题：Jim sits behind me, so I sit _____ him.
A. at the end of B. in front of C. in the middle of

5. below, under
(1). below表示“在下方或位置低于……”，不一定有垂直在下之意；under表示“在……正下方”。
如：There are many bikes under the trees. 树下有许多自行车。
The coat reaches below the knees. 这件外套到了膝盖下面。

【考点3】介词的固定搭配
1. 介词与名词的固定搭配
in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中
in time 及时 at sea 在海上
on time 准时，按时 in town 在城里
on foot 步行 in English 用英语
in a low voice 小声地 in the distance 在远处
in public 公开地 in the middle of… 在……中间
in trouble 处于困境 of course 当然（可以）
in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地
in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 in the street 在街上
by the way 顺便说 at the meeting 在会上
in the end 最后 in space 在太空
in order 适宜，正常 on display 陈列，展出
in the day 在白天 at the foot of 在……脚下
at the table 在桌子旁 on show 展出
day by day 逐日 at school 在上学
in silence 安静的 at the back of 在……后面
in this way 用这种方法 out of breath 上气不接下气
at the same time 同时 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
by hand 手工，（信件）亲手交付 by the end of 到……结束时，
in the air 在空中 out of sight 消失，看不见
on duty 值日 out of work 失业
on top of 除……之外 on the left/ right 在左/右边
on the other side of 在……的另一边 to one’s surprise/ joy 使某人吃惊/高兴的是
例（2016漳州）The Blacks usually have milk and bread _____ breakfast.
A. for B. on C. about

2. 介词与形容词的固定搭配
careful about 小心 sure about/ of 肯定
certain about/ of 确定 good at 擅长
good for 对……有好处 surprised at 对……惊奇
famous for 因……而出名 ready for 为……做好了准备
known for 因……而出名 late for 迟到
different from 与……不同 successful in 在……成功
interested in 对……感兴趣 disappointed in 对……失望
proud of 为……感到骄傲 tired of 厌倦
afraid of 害怕 short of 短缺
full of 充满 similar to 与……相似
familiar to 为……所熟悉 satisfied with 对……满意
busy with 忙于 friendly to 对……友好
angry with 生……的气 strict with sb. 对某人要求严格

3. 介词与动词的固定搭配
laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加
think of 想出 go on with 继续
worry about 为……担心 look after 照看，照料
look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
hear from 收到……的来信 listen to 听
arrive in 到达（大地方） arrive at 到达（小地方）
get to 到达 wait for 等候
agree with 同意，赞同 think about 考虑
catch up with 赶上，追上 come from 来自
pay for 付钱买…… shout at 对……叫嚷
talk about 谈论 play with 与……玩耍
point at 指向 point to 指向，暗示
hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望
do well in 在……学/做的好 fall behind 落后
ask for 要求，请求 take away 拿走，带走
turn…into…把……变成…… help…with… 帮助……做……
take/ catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定
take care of 照顾 hand in 上交
have nothing to do with 与….无关 base on 以……为根据
keep…out of 不让……进入 leave for 离开去（另一地）
talk to 与……谈话 go in for 爱好
look at （有意识地）看 speak to sb. 对某人说
deal with 处理 tie…to… 把……系在……上
pass on 传递 smile at 对……微笑
believe in 信任 belong to 属于
look around 向四周看 write to 给……写信
regard…as 把……看作
【考点4】易混介词的区别
1. in和on的区别
(1). on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”；in the tree表示人或其他东西“在树上”；
(2). on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”；in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。

2. between和among的区别
between常指“在……（两者）之间”，among用于指“（三者或三者以上的人或物）之间”。如果把三者或三者以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between。
如：Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. 玛利亚坐在露西和莉莉之间。
Miss Wang stands among her students. 王老师站在她的学生中间。

3. across, through, over和past的区别
across和through都用于表示“穿过”。across着重指从一条直线或一物体表面的一边到另一边，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意。
如：He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 她必须挤过人群才能到她的儿子跟前。
over多指在空间范围上“穿越”，而past指“经过”。
如：The plane flew over a line of mountain in the southeast. 飞机从东南部的一座座山上飞过。
They walked past a tall tree. 他们从一棵大树旁走过。
例题：—Dad, can we walk ____ the road now?
—No, we____. We have to wait until the light turns green.
A. across；needn't B. across；mustn't C. through；can't D. through；mustn't

4. for, to和towards的区别
for常用在leave, start后，表示运动的方向或目的。
如：They’ll leave for Beijing to attend a meeting next month. 他们下月将出发去北京参加一个会议。
to接在go, come, return, move等词之后，表示目的地。
如：When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday? 假期后你何时回广州的？
towards意为“朝、向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思。
They are running towards the sea. 他们跑向大海。
例题：Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them _____ food or clothing.
A. in B. with C. about D. for

5. after与behind的区别
两个词都有“在……后”之意，behind表示位置方面的“后”，不表示时间上的，而after表示时间、次序上的“后”。
如：behind the school, after 5 o’clock, after you

6. in, with和by表示“用”时的区别
in主要表示“用语言、声音等”；with表示“用具体有形的东西”；by表示“用……手段或方式”，后常接动名词。
如：Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗？[来源:学科网]
I write my homework with a pen. 我用钢笔写作业。
The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩通过卖花挣钱。
例题：I go to school _____ bus every morning.
A. in B. on C. at D. by

7. but, besides和except的区别
but表示“除……之外”，常与含否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do或其相关形式时，but后接动词原形；except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，只从整体中排除except所接的人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及一些复合词；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。
如：We can do nothing but wait. 除了等，我们什么也做不了。
All the students went to the zoo except Jim. 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去动物园了。
I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。
例题：—All the workers went home yesterday _____ Mr. White. Why?
—Because he was on duty.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside

8. to和at表行为对象时的区别
at与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to只表示方向，无恶意。
如：Don’t laugh at others. It’s impolite. 不要嘲笑别人，那是不礼貌的。
She came to me and shook my hand warmly. 她走到我面前，热情地和我握手。

9. of和in用于最高级结构中的区别
of后一般接数词或可数名词复数；in后一般是可数名词的单数形式。
如：Tom is the tallest boy of the four. 汤姆是这四个男孩里最高的那一个。
Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是这个班级中最高的男孩。

10. by, in和on表旅行方式
by: (1). 不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如：by sea, by air;
(2). 涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数形式，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by。如by ship, by plane。
on或in：当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时用on或in，交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on, 在封闭型工具前用in。如：on my bike, in a car。
例题：I go to school _____ bus every morning.
A. in B. on C. at D. by

11. with与without的区别
with意为“和、对、附带、有”，常用搭配有：with the help of…, play with, talk with。
without意为“没有”，常用搭配有：without saying a word, without breakfast。

12. of sb.与for sb.的区别
(1). of sb. 用于“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
如：It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真好。
(2). for sb. 用于“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句型中，形容词为easy, important等描述真正的主语不定式特征的词，形容词表示的是主语对于for后的人物来说的性质。
如：It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。
例题：It is very important _____ people to have food and water every day.
A. for B. of C. with D. about

13. to既是介词，又是动词不定式符号
是动词不定式符号时，后面跟动词原形；是介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
下面含有to的词组中to都是介词，在使用时应特别注意，如果它们后面跟的是动词，则用动名词形式。
pay attention to, make a contribution to, according to, get used to, prefer…to…, look forward to

14. “动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的区别
英语中动词短语有两类：“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”，前者宾语只可放在介词后，后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后，当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。
(1). 属于“动词+介词”型短语的词组有：look after, look like, look at, get to, listen to, talk with, agree to, agree with, point at, hear from等；
(2). 属于“动词+副词”型短语的词组有：put on, take off, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up, put away, write down, knock in, look up, try on等。

15. on与about的区别
(1). on: 关于，侧重论述，多用于比较重大、涉及比较深广诸如国际形势、政治、理论、学术报告、专著等方面的问题。
(2). about: 关于，侧重于叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍、文章等较浅显的问题。

基础演练
一、用适当的介词填空。
1. —How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
—I’m going there _______ my car.
2. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at Zhonglou Restaurant.
3. Hangzhou is famous ______ the West Lake.
4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ______ a camera.
5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ______ March, 25th?
6. We all agree ______ you. Let’s start at once.
7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.
8. —Which necklace have you lost?
—The one you gave me _____ my birthday.
9. You should take more exercise. It’s good ______ your health.
10. It is clear that fish cannot live _______ water.

二、单项选择。
1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on
2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. beside B. about C. except D. with
3. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.
A. on B. as C. for D. of
4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since B. in C. on D. by
5. —What is a writing brush, do you know?
—It’s _______ writing and drawing.
A. with B. to C. for D. by
6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
7. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.
A. Under B. In C. With D. On
8. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in
9. —You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
—It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.
A. in B. of C. with D. off
10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to B. in C. about D. at




巩固提升
一、用适当的介词填空。
1. You’d better not go _______ the forest. It’s dangerous.
2. Which room are you going to live ______?
3. The building is ______ fire. There are some people ______ the top floor.
4. Before 2000 there was no airline _______ the two cities.
5. It’s not good to come late _______ school.
6. What’s wrong _______ your bike?
7. Thank you very much _______ coming to see me.
8. I couldn’t finish it _______ your help.
9. Don’t laugh _______ others’ mistakes.
10.—How do you usually come to school every day?
—Sometimes _______ bike, sometimes _______ foot.

中考英语真题分类汇编题型之介词及介词短语
1.---Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school?
---Yes. It’s ________ the fifth floor.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
2. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon _______20 July 1969.
A. in B. on C. at D. for

3.1 stopped _____the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.
A. at B. for C. until D. through
4.The program I’m a singer is quite popular ______ students these days. They often talk about it between classes.
A. for B.with C. in
5.The earth goes_________ the sun.
A. around B. through C. between D. across
6. Our class are much sure to win the basketball game_______ Class Three.
A. of B.in C.against D. from
7. Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift _____you.
A. for B. in C. with D. from
8. In China, we are using the FAST to find stars_____ . Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜) in the world.
A. in person B. in public C. in space
9.Except for working hard, we should give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep._______ , health always comes first.
A. For example B. After all C. So far
10. Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July.
A. on B. in C. at D.of
11.Just walk down this road and you’ll see the museum ___ your right.
A. on B. in C. at D. by
12.It’s very kind _______ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
13. —Did you get Wechat Red (微信红包) ____________ the Spring Festival?
—Yes. It’s actually the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now.
A. with B. for C. during D. after
14.I can’t see Lucy because she is _____the tree.
A. in front of B. behind C. next to
15.—Look in the mirror. What happened ______ your face?
—Oh, there’s some ink on my face.
A. to B. on C. in
16.To my pleasure, my family is always ______ me whatever I decide to do.
A. above B. behind C. from D. through
17.The whole family were_____ agreement about what they should do next.
A.about B. of C. in D. On
18.—Do you know the student _____ David and Jack?
一Yeah. It’s Jim.
A. among B. in C. between D. around
19.Cao Yinpeng is a 9-year-old Chinese boy. He is known ____ saving his father’s life.
A.for B. at C. by
20._____April 22nd,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways.
A. In B. At C. On
21.He knew his subject ____A to Z.
A. from B. at C. on
22.. 一I'm thirsty. I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Dad?
一I prefer a cup of coffee _______ nothing in it.
A. with B. without C. for D. to
23.Over 10,000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ____ May 7,2017.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
24. Nora opened the box. To her surprise, ______ it was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
25. —If someone is ______ your way, what will you do?
—I will wait until he or she moves instead of pushing past.
A. in B. on C. by D. along
26.Your gloves should be made _____ leather, for they feel soft and smooth.
A. in B. on C. for D. of
27.______April 1, China announced that it would build the Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province.
A. On B. In C. At D. To
28. We all like watching the TV programme Readers_______ Saturday evening.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
29.—Thanks ______ our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week.
—That’s for sure! And we’ll have a sports meeting ______ one month.
A. for; in B. to; in C. for; after D. to; after
30. The Dragon Boat Festival is _______ the fifth day of May on the lunar calendar (阴历).
A. in B. on C. at D. by
31.Doctors say that the first 10 minutes _______ a traffic accident is important for saving a life.
A. in B. before C.after D. during
32. _______ the scientists’ hard work, Tianggong II was launched(发射) successfully.
A.As for B. Thanks to C. Instead of D. According to
33. A woman stood ______ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A. past B. through C. across D. by
34. A couple from Australia welcomed five babies ____January.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
A. at B. in C. for D. on
35. —Which is your new English teacher?
—The young lady _________ red over there.
A. with B. in C. on D. for
36. Everyone is born ____the ability___ learn.
A.into,to B. with, to C. on, in D. with, by
37. —_________, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.
—I agree with you. The universe is so large after all
A.To my surprise B. To be honest C. In my opinion D. Again and again
38. He did all this ______ silence, and very rapidly.
A. at B. in C. with D. of
39.—Most of the wild animals are because of their bad living environment.
—So we must do something to save them.
A. in need B. on duty C. at work D. in danger
40. When you’re invited to have dinner at home by an American friend, you should be________ or a little later. It’s different from our Chinese custom.
A. on time B. on business C. on show
41. Miss Li, ________, is active all the time. Although she has not been well these days, her class is still full of laughter.
A. as you know B. all in all C. to start with
42.___________ May 5th, 2017, the C919 took off successfully for the first time at Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
A. On B. In C. At D. Of
43.—Where is Mary lying?
—She is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _________ the morning of July.
A. at B. on C in D. of