中考英语专题8：情态动词

 专题八 情态动词


情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目。中考有关情态动词的考点主要是情态动词的类型、特征、基本用法和词义辨析，预计2019年中考对于情态动词表示可能性推测的考查仍将成为命题者热衷的考点。考查题型主要集中在单项选择、完成句子中，有时在完型填空题中也会涉及情态动词的考查。而且试题立意不偏不怪，情景设置逼近真实，设问角度更趋向于细微化和综合化。
备考时考生要从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语意特征，掌握每个情态动词的用法特点和功能，仔细揣摩语境中说话者的情感、态度和语气。

考点
要求
江苏省五年中考示例
中考预测
基本用法
掌握
2014连云港9；2016宿迁5；2018无锡8
★★★
辨析
掌握
2014常州7；2015苏州5；2016苏州3
★★☆








[来源:学科网ZXXK]


情态动词的类型

(1). 只作情态动词的有：must, can (could), may (might);
(2). 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need;
(3). 可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would), shall (should);
(4). 具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to, ought to, had better.

【即学即练】
一、用can, may, must, need, have to的适当形式填空。
1. You __________ return the library book on time.
2. I ________ (not) find the way to the hospital. _________ you show me the way?
3.—__________ I finish the work right now?
— No, you __________ (not). You ______ do it later.
4. He said he __________ (not) come tonight.
5. Her mother was ill. She _________ stay at home and look after her.
6. It‘s time for class. You _________ stop playing football or you ________ be late for class.


情态动词的特征

(1). 有一定的词义但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。
(2). 无人称和数的变化（have to例外，其第三人称单数形式为has to）。
如：We must stay here. 我们必须待在这。
He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。
(3). 后接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。
如：She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。
(4). 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。
如：—Can you swim? 你会游泳吗？
—Yes, I can. 是的，我会。

【即学即练】
一、用must，can，may，might，shall，should，needn't，mustn't填空。
1. —Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
2.You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
3. If you ________ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
4. —No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
5. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
6. I ________ worry about my weekend. I always have my plans ready before it comes.
7. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.



常用情态动词的基本用法

1. can, could的用法
(1). 表示能力，意为“能，会”。
如：Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？
例题： ---What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word! ---___________. He’s from India, so I guess it is Hindi.
A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So I can D. So can I

(2). 表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：Li Hua can’t be in the classroom. 李华不可能在教室里。
例题：---Did you check the engine of the car?
--- Yes, twice. There _______be anything wrong with it.
A. may not B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
---Whose coat is this? Is it Cindy’s?
---It be hers. Don’t you remember she didn’t come to the picnic?
A. can’t B. might C. must
---I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
---They his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
A. might be B. could be C. can’t be
---Is that Kate in the parking lot?
---No, it be her. She has gone to the winter camp.
A. may B. mustn’t C. can’t

(3). 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may。
如：You can go now. 你现在可以走了。
例题：---What does Justin Bieber’s song Never Say Never impress you most?
---It tells us that we do almost anything is we never give up.
A．can B．have to C．should D. need

(4). could是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。
如：I could swim when I was seven years old. 我七岁时就会游泳。
例题：Jenny finally got the job because she speak English well.
A. might B. must C. could
---Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
---I agree. Even Einstein read until he was seven.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t

(5). 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can’t；以could开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用could和couldn’t。
如：—Could you skate last year? 你去年会滑冰吗？
—Yes, I could. 是的，我会。
—No, I couldn’t. 不，我不会。

2. may与might的用法
might是may的过去式，用来表示委婉语气。
(1). 表示推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。
如：He may come tomorrow. 明天他可能回来。[来源:学科网]
例题： A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man．
A．can't; can B．may not; must C．can't; must D．may not; can
---Wow...another gift! What’s in it?
---I’m not sure. It be the Cool Kids CD, your favorite.
A. must B. should C. might
--Did you hear the noise just now? What was that?
---Yes. It be a cat. But I am not sure.
A. can’t B. might C. must
You climb the mountain on rainy days because you
fall and hurt yourself.
A. needn’t; need B. mustn’t; might C. can’t; must

(2). 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。用might语气要委婉些，注意此时的might并不表示过去。
如：May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗？
注意：may表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t，不用may not，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。
如：—May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗？
—No, you mustn’t / can’t. 不，不可以。
例题： —May I watch TV now, Mum?
—No, you . You must clean your room first.
A. may not B. needn't C. can't D. mustn't

(3). 表示祝愿。
如：May you succeed! 祝你成功！

3. must的用法
(1). 表示“必须、应该”。
例题：--- I bring you all the magazines right now?
---No, you don’t have to, but you give them to me tomorrow.
A. May; can B. Should; must C. Can; can D. Must; had better
---Mrs. Tang, I return the magazine this week?
---No, you needn’t. You can keep it for half a month.
A. could B. may C. must
I go now, or I will miss my high-speed train.
A. might B. can C. must

(2). 表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句；在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can，否定句中也可用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而can’t表示“不可能”。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
例题：You be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. may D. shall
---Who cleaned the classroom?
---It be Mary. She took out the rubbish just now.
A. must B. can’t C. might not
---Whose basketball is this?
---It be Carla’s. Only she loves basketball here.
A. must B. can’t C. could

(3). 否定句中，mustn’t表示“禁止”，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn’t，needn’t表示“不需要，不必”，相当于don’t have to。
如：—Must I finish the project today? 我必须今天完成这个项目吗？
—No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。
例题：—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, dad?
—No, you _______,son. You’re free to make your own decision.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
---Excuse me, sir, but must I wait here until 10 o’clock?
---No, you . You can always leave at any time.
A. needn’t B. don’t have C. mustn’t D. must


4. need的用法
词性的判断常为难点，need后加to do说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表被动意义；若need后加do（实义动词原形），则need为情态动词，用need提问或否定。
如：You needn’t come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。
例题：---We’ve got everything ready for the picnic.
---Do you mean I _____________ bring anything with me?[来源:学&科&网]
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t

5. should的用法
(1). should表示义务或责任时意为“应该”：
如：We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
例题：Dogs_____run through soccer games at the park．It's dangerous．
A．should B．shouldn't C．need D．needn't
(2). should 表示建议或劝告时意为“应该”：
如：You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。
例题：---I don’t care how other people feel.
---Well, in fact you _________.
A. might B. could C. would D. should

(3). should 表示推断时意为“应该”、“可能”：
如：They should be there by now, I think. 我想现在他们都已经到了。

(4). should 用于征求意见，主要用于第一人称的疑问句形式：
如：Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？

6. shall的用法
(1). shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中，也用于第三人称)，其意为“要不要”、“…好吗”：
如：Shall I get you a chair for you? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来?

(2). shall在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称：
如：You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。

注意：有时用于第一人称，表示决心：
如：I shall return. 我一定回来。
例题：He is waiting outside, sir. _____ he come in at once?
A. Will B. Shall C. Ought D. Has

7. will与would的用法
做情态动词的will, would与做助动词的will, would的形式相同，但意义差别很大。
(1). 表示意愿：表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。
如：—Can someone help me? 有人能帮一下忙吗》
—I will. 我来帮你。
Mary said she would arrange everything for him.
玛丽说她会为他安排好一切。

(2). 表示请求：与you连用表示请求或要求，用won’t you加强邀请的语气。Would比will更客气，委婉。
如：Will you come this way please? 你能走这条路吗？

(3). will表示规律性的“注定会”。
如：People will die without air or water. 人离开水和空气将会死的。
(4). 表示习惯或特性：will用于现在，would用于过去，带有主观性。
如：We would sit around grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. 过去晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。

【即学即练】
( )1.—Oh, my God! I’ll nearly lose my heart.
—Cheer up. Life _______ be perfect all the time.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
( )2. I thought the new iPhone8 was user-friendly, but it just ______ work. There is something wrong with it.
A. couldn’t B. won’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( )3.You ______ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in the oral test.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
( )4.---_________I return the book tomorrow?
---No, you ________. You may ________ it for a week.
A. May, may not, borrow B. Can, don’t need, keep
C. Must, don’t have to, keep D. Must, needn’t, borrow
( )5.What _____ be done at any time will be done at no time.
A. must B. need C. may D. should


情态动词词义辨析

1. can和be able to
can和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to有现在时，过去时和将来时。
如：Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。
We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。

2. can和may表示可能性时的区别
(1). 在肯定句中用may表示可能。
如：You had better ask the policeman. He may know. 你最好问那个警察，他可能知道。
(2). 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can’t；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not。
如：Mr. Li can’t be in. He has gone to Beijing for a holiday. 李老师不可能在家，他去北京度假了。
例题：Those streams are so small that they be shown in the maps.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. may

3. would, should, could, might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。
如：Would you open the door, please? 请你打开门好吗？

4. must和have to
must和have to的意思均为“必须”，常可互换使用。但have to强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”，must表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。
如：We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 我们必须去问张红了。
We must wok hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。
例题： —How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I take the bus to school.
A. must B. might C. have to

5. maybe和may be
may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中；maybe为副词，意为“大概，也许”，相当于perhaps。

6. can’t和mustn’t
表示否定推测是应用can’t, 是“不可能”的意思；mustn’t是“禁止，不允许”的意思，不能用来表推测，而must在肯定句中表推测，意为“一定”。
例题：You ________ tell others about this—it’s a secret.
A. can B. mustn’t C. could D. needn’t

【即学即练】
( )1. —________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number.
—Sure. Here it is.
A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must
( )2. —May I go to the cinema, mum? — Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( )3. You ______ get there by bus.
A. don’t need B. needn’t to C. don’t need to D. need don’t to
( )4. You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
( )5. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please?
—Sorry, I’m not sure . But it _______ be.
A. might B.mustn’t C.can’t D.must
( )6. ---Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
---I’d like to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
A.need B.must C.have to D.should



( )1. —Who’s the man in our classroom? It be Mr. Brown. He is much taller than Mr. Brown.
—You mean the man in white? He is exchange student from England.
A.can B.may C.can’t D.mustn’t
( )2. ---There is somebody at the door. Who ______ it be?
---I’m not sure. It ________ be a postman.
A. may; will B. will; can C. may; must D. can; may
( )3. I ________ use a clock to wake myself up because at six o’clock every morning the train comes by my house.
A. must B. can C. needn’t D. mustn’t
( )4.--- Someone is sleeping next door. Is it Mr. Wu?
--- It be him. He called me from England just now.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( )5.—You _________ be excited that you’re going to get the award. —Yes, I can’t wait for it.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
( )6. --- I take my umbrella with me?
--- better to do so. The weather is changeable.
A. Must; You'd  B. Shall; It's  C. Need; You'd D.Would; It's 
7.---You have been chosen as the general manager of our company. Congratulations!
---Thank you very much. I never thought I _________ (get) the position. I will work harder.
8. Don’t miss Dr. Li’s speech. I’m sure each of us
_________ (attract).
9.The weather report said the temperature ________ (not rise) until the next week
10.我们想知道他要离开家多久。
We wondered how long his hometown.
11.天气一变，这种疾病就会爆发，所以请一定保重．
The disease　 　the weather changes．So please take care!
12.上海迪斯尼乐园将于2016年6月16日对公众开放．
Shanghai Disneyland　 　 on 16June，2016．

答案：7.would get 8. will be attracted 9.wouldn’t rise
10. he would be away from
11.will break out as soon as
12.will be open to the public

( )1. John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( )2. They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to
( )3. —May I take this book out? —No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( )4. You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D. would
( )5. —Can you speak Japanese? —No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( )6.—He___ be in the classroom, I think.
—No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
( )7.—Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?
—Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.
A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
( )8.Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( )9.He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can B. shall C. must D. has to
( )10.The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
( )11.You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to
( )12.—Must I do my homework at once? —No, you___.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not
( )13.His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to
( )14.—Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? —________
A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
( )15.—Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? —Thanks, ___.
A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may
( )16. —___ I take the newspaper away?
—No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.
A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must
( )17.—Would you like to go boating with us? —Yes, ___.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
( )18.—Must we do our homework first? —No, you___. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't