人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 3 知识点

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. That's why I like reading books and I study harder in class. My best friend Yuan Li is quiet too, so we enjoy studying together. I'm shy so it's not easy for me to make friends. But I think friends are like books — you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good. ---Jeff Green
l like: prep. 介词，像 v.动词
I can play the piano like you.
Mary likes playing the guitar/ likes to play the guitar.
l That’s why+结果 She didn’t prepare for this examination well. That’s why she got an A.
That’s because+原因 He didn’t go to school. That’s because he was ill yesterday.
l It is +adj+ for sb. to do sth.
It is important/significant/necessary for you to study hard/get on well with your classmates.
l as long as 只要；和……一样长
We will go as long as the weather is good.
Stay as long as you like.
It is as long as the blackboard.

I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different. My favorite saying is, “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.”（一个真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，能触动你的心灵）My best friend Carol is really kind and very funny. In fact, she's funnier than anyone I know. I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better. We can talk about and share everything. I know she cares about me because she's always there to listen. ---Mary Smith
l care: v. 关心，照顾
Ø take care of（=look after） 照顾，照料
Please take care of /look after the plant in this few days.
Ø care about 关心，担心
My parents always care about us.
l If: conj. 是否（同whether）She asked if/whether I would help.
Go outside and see if /whether it’s raining.
如果 What will you do if you fail?
If the weather is good, I will climb the mountain.
l Make: V. 使
Ø make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Ø make sb. not to do sth. 让某人不要做某事
My mother makes me clean the house clean.
Teacher made students not to play and run in the corridor(走廊).
l Talk about 谈论 talk about sth.with sb. 与某人谈论某事
Talk sth with sb 与某人谈话（=have a conversation with sb）
l Share sth with sb.与某人共享某物，分享

It’s not necessary to be the same. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. He is taller and more outgoing than me. We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. So I’m getting better at tennis. Larry is much less hard-working, though. I always get better grades than he does, so maybe I should help him more. ---Huang Lei
l Be different from 与……不同
Everyone is different from others.
l be similar to 与…….相似
l be the same as 与……相同
same 同样的；相同的。无比较级和最高级。
　the same thing 同样的事情
　at the same time 同时
Ø Thank you all the same.（虽然没有帮上忙，但）仍然谢谢你。
Ø —Happy New Year. 新年快乐。
—The same to you. 也祝你快乐。（该词组通常用于回答对方）
l Be good at =do well in 在某方面擅长
l Maybe 也许，可能。 一般位于句首，句末，不可作谓语。
May be 也许，可能。一般位于句中作谓语。
l not as／so…as”这种结构表示“不如……；不及……”这类概念。例如：
LiuYing is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘英没有她姐姐擅长体育运动。
I’m not as tall as you. 我不如你高。
Our room is not as／so large as theirs. 我们的房间不及他们的大。
This question is not as／so easy as that one. 这个问题不及那个容易。
在肯定句中，表示程度相同的比较用“as…as”，第一个as不能用so替换。as...as中间要用形容词或副词原级。例如：
This book is as new as that one. 这本书和那本书一样新。
Lily is as careful as Mary. 丽丽和玛丽一样仔细。
　I’m as tall as you. 我和你一样高。

1. loudly
【知识点详解】
• loudly副词，意为“喧闹地; 大声地; 响亮地”；
• loudly的比较级和最高级是 more loudly，most loudly
【例句】
Don’t speak loudly. It is impolite.
【真题链接】
1. Eliza is _____, she always talks and laughs_______.
A.loud;loudly B.loud;loud. C.loudly; loudly D loudly;loud

2. quietly
【知识点详解】
quietly意为“安静地; 轻声地; 轻柔地”，是quiet的副词形式。
【例句】
He came into the classroom quietly.
【助记】
quiet(adj.安静的)+y- quietly(adv.安静地)
【知识拓展】
①部分形容词加后-y可构成相应的副词:
quick快的- quickly快地 slow慢的- slowly缓慢地
loud响亮的- loudly响亮地 beautiful 漂亮的- beautifully漂亮地
clear清楚的- clearly清楚地
②如果该形容词以“辅音字+y＂结尾，在变为副词形式时，应先把词尾的y改为i，然后再加-y
happy快乐的- happily快乐地


【真题链接】
2. Kate sat there q (安静地)and said nothing
3. Your answer is not right. Please think about it______
A. differently B.carefully C.comfortably D.beautifully
4. Can you see the words on the blackboard （清晰地）， Joe?
5. Please speak a little louder. I can’t hear you___. It’s noisy outside.
A. truly
B. quietly
C. clearly
D. simply
6. —Please talk ______. My baby is sleeping.
—Sorry, we will go to another room to talk.
A loudly B quietly C clearly D truly

3. Oh，which one was Lisa?
【知识点详解1】
which此处用作形容词，意为“哪一个;哪一些”
【例句】
Which girl is your sister?
Which photos do you like?
【知识拓展】
which还可用作代词，意为“哪一个;哪一些”
【例句】
Which is more interesting, this book or that one？
【知识点详解2】
one作代词，用于泛指前面提到过的名词，相当于“a/an+单数可数名词”

【例句】
Your coat is good. I want to buy one.
【知识拓展】
it和one都可以指代上文提到过的事物，但用法有所不同:
①作代词，可用来代替上文提到的同一人或事物，其复数形式为they
I bought a radio yesterday, but it doesn’t work well.
②one所代替的是前面所提到的人或物同类中的一个，井不是同一事物，其复数形式为ones
I have a new hat and several old ones.
③one或ones前面可以加冠词和形容词，it则不能
The sweater is too small. I want a larger one.
【真题链接】
7. I bought a smartphone (智能手机)yesterday, and it works well. Would you like to buy ________like this?
A. this
B. it
C. one
D. that
8. —1 can't find the magazine I bought this morning.
—Well, Jack is reading over there. Why not go and see if it is yours?
A. it B. that C. one D. some
9.——______ do you like better, this pen or that pen?
——Oh, I can’t decide.
A.Who B. How C. Why D. Which

4. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
【知识点详解1】
win在此处用作不及物动词，意为“获胜”; win还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得;在…中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛项目、奖品或战争等。

【例句】
He is sure to win.
He won the first prize.
Who won the race?
【辨析】win与beat
win“得;获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等
beat“打赢;战胜’，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手
【例句】
We won the basketball game.
Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-meter race.
【知识点详解2】
though此处作副词，意为“不过; 可是; 然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开.
【例句】
Jim said that he would come; he didn’t，though.
【知识拓展】
though用作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，与 although同义，用来引导让步状语从句，与but不能同时出现在一个句子中
【例句】
Although/ Though he is not rich, he is happy. = Although/ Though he is not rich，yet he is happy.= He is not rich，but he is happy.
【真题链接】
10. Everybody wants to be the w (获胜者) in the competition.
11. Class Seven _______ Class Two and _______the game last month.
A.beat；won B.won;won C.won;beat D.beat；beat
12. ______he's busy with his studies, he helps his parents with housework.
A. If B. Because C. Though D. When

5. A good friend is talented in music.
【知识点详解】
• talented形容词，意为“有天赋的，有才能的，有才干的”, 常用结构为 be talented in“在…方面有天赋”。
• talented的比较级为 more talented
【例句】
She is a talented musician.
The boy is talented in dancing.
【真题链接】
13. Cindy is t (有天赋的) in speaking English.
14. My mother isn't good _____cooking but she is talented _____ making clothes.
A.at,with B. for,in C.at,in D.for,with

6. A good friend truly cares about me.
【知识点详解1】
truly为副词，意为“真正地;确实”，常位于连系动词、情态动词或助动词之后，实动词之前。
【例句】
I feel truly sorry.
He truly wants to go home.
【知识拓展】
①true形容词，意为“真实的，真的，符合事实的”
【例句】
This is a true story.
②truth名词，意为“事实，实情”
【例句】
How do we know you’re telling the truth?
【知识点详解2】
care在此处作动词，意为“在意; 担优; 关心”; care about意为“关心; 在意”; care for 意为“喜欢; 照顾”
【例句】
Your mother truly cares about you.
My father doesn’t care for tea.
He has to care for his sister at home.
【真题链接】
15.-Do you like John?
－No, I don't. He only thinks about himself and never_____others.
A. cares about B. looks like C. shouts at D. talks to
16. As a teacher, Tom always c .(关心) about his students.
17. Do you think he’s telling the ________ (true)?
18.Some students in our school are __ (真正地) talented.

7. I think a good friend makes me laugh.
【知识点详解】
make在本句中的意思为“使，让”，是使役动词，其用法是:“make+名词/代词+动词原形(省略to的动词不定式)”
【例句】
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
My mother made me clean my room once a week.
【知识拓展】
①make sb/sth.+形容词”意为“让某人/某物……”，该结构中的形容词作宾语补足语。
Her words made me very happy.
②make还可以作动词实意，意为“制作，制造”，其后常接双宾语，即 make sb. sth.，相当于 make sth. for sb
I made her a card.= I made a card for her.
【真题链接】
19. Our English teacher is very funny, She often makes us____ in class
A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughing

8. They’ re both tall.
【知识点详解】
both意为“两者都，两个都”，在本句中作同位语。它常位于连系动词、情态动词之后、行为动词之前。
【例句】
We are both students.
They both like beautiful clothes.
【辨析】both，all，either.与 neither
both表示“两者都”
all表示“三者或三者以上都”
either表示两者中的任何一个，意为“任何一个的”
neither表示“两者都不”
【例句】
Lily and Lucy are my good friends. They are both friendly.
All of the students went to Mount Tai.
-Which would you like to eat, dumplings or noodles?
Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor.

【真题链接】
20.Tom jumped as far as Bill, so they___won first place.
A.both B. all C.either D.none
21. We ____ sports, and we ____ outgoing.
A.like both; are both
B. both like; both are
C. both like; are both
D.like both; both are
22．Both players are in hard work, ________ wanted to lose the game.
A.either B.neither C.another D.the other
23. —Do you have any brothers, Bill?
—Yes, I have two brothers. of them live in London.
A. Each B. None C. All D. Both

9. you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
【知识点详解】
as long as意为“只要”，可引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词can时，as long as引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来。
【例句】
As long as the weather is fine tomorrow, we’ll go hiking.
【真题链接】
24. you don't give up, your dreams will come true.
A. As long as B. As soon as C. As well as D. As often as
25.________friends are good, you don' t need a lot of them.
A.As soon as B.As long as C.As well as D.As often as

10. My best friend Larry is quite different from me.
【真题链接】
be different from…意为“与…不同”，其反义词组为 be the same as… 意为“与……样”
【例句】
He is quite different from his brother.
My way of life is different from hers.
【真题链接】
26. —Are you different _____ your friend?
—No, we are similar ____ each other! 
A. to, from     B. from, to C. to, to       D. from, from
27. My sister likes to do the same thing____ me, but her hobby is different____ mine in some ways.
A. at; in
B. in; at
C. as; from
D. from; as

11. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.
【知识点详解】
bring out意为“使显现;使表现出”
bring out the best/ worst in sb. 意为“把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来”
【例句】
Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.
【真题链接】
28. The English Competition______the best in her. As a result,she is more active now-
A. checked out B.tried out C.left out D.brought out

12. I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
【知识点详解】
• 此句中作连词，意为“是否”，引导的是宾语从句，作care的宾语。由 if/whether引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的。
• 宾语从句要用陈述语序
• 一般说来，在宾语从句中if与 whether可以互换使用，但在动词不定式前只能用whether，不用if
【例句】
I wonder if/whether they will come to our party.
【知识拓展】
if还可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。在含有if引导的条件状语从包的主从复合句中，主句若是一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”
【例句】
I will tell her the news if she comes.
【真题链接】
29．--Let’s go to the community if it ________ tomorrow．
--But nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow．
A．won’t rain；rains B．doesn’t rain；rains
C．doesn’t rain；will rain D．won’t rain；will rain

13. My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s less hard-working than me.
【知识点详解】
similar形容词，意思是“相似的;相仿的”，常与to连用，构成短语 be similar to意为“与…相像的、类似的”，相当于 be like
【例句】
Your new hairstyle is similar to mine.
【辨析】 similar与same
similar意为”相似的; 类似的; 相仿的”
same意为＂相同的; 同样的”前面需要加定冠词the。表示“与…相同”时，应用the same as...结构
【例句】
The two sisters look very similar.
Our children go to the same school as theirs.
【真题链接】
30. I’m s __________ to my best friend. We both like swinning.
31. No one in the school is ______ hard-working as Jenny.
A. the same B. more C. so D. enough

14. Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.
• information作不可数名词，意为“信息; 消息”
• 表示“一条信息“用 a piece of information”
【例句】
Can you give me some information about this matter?
【真题链接】
32. Please find out more i (信息)about the talent show
33. Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more i__________
There are millions of websites on Internet and there ______ a lot of useful ______ on the websites.
A. are, informatioms B. is, message C. is, information D. are, news

项目
内容
例子
形容词、副词的比较级的构成
一般情况下，单音节和部分双音节形容词、副词，在原级后加-er构成比较级
tall→taller; small→smaller;
fast→faster; long→longer
以字母e结尾的，直接加-er构成比较级
nice→nicer；cute→cuter；late→later
以“辅音字母十y结尾的双音节形容词、副词，
变y为i，再加-er构成比较级
easy→easier；early→earlier
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er构成比较级
big→bigger；hot → hotter
thin→thinner；fat→fatter
多音节和部分双音节形容词、副词，在原级前加more构成比较级
careful→more careful；
quickly→morequickly
不规则变化
good/well→better；old → older
bad/ill/badly→worse；little→less
many /much → more；
far→ farther /further
比较
级的用法
形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事(物)之间的比较，意为“更”
Tom is more careful than his father.



例句：
Sam has longer hair than Tom.
Tina plays the piano better than Mary.
Paul is shorter than Peter.
Peter is heavier than Paul.
形容词/副词比较级结构：________________________________________________

练习：1.我比妹妹更外向/聪明/幽默。
_____________________________________________
2.我认为她唱的比Nelly更高。
_____________________________________________
3.他性格外向，喜欢交朋友。
_____________________________________________
4.Lily比Lucy更文静。
_____________________________________________

I'm Ashley. Kate is my best friend. She is tall and thin 1 long straight hair. I first met 2 in the school dining hall.
One day，I had lunch in the dining hall. I knocked over（打翻）my soup and wet myself. Other students 3 at me but Kate didn't. She helped me clean the floor and shared her soup with me. It really 4 my heart. Then we became good friends.
I like Kate，5 we're different in some ways. She is very funny，but I'm a little 6，so she has more friends than me. She works much 7 than me, so she can always get better grades. We like different 8. She likes writing and playing the piano, but I like dancing. Kate plays tennis very well, and she always 9 tennis games. I am good at badminton.
Kate 10 everything with me and truly cares about me. How lucky I am to have such a good friend!
（ ）1.A. to B. from C. as D. with
（ ）2.A. him B. her C. you D. them
（ ）3.A. brought B. picked C. laughed D. Climbed
（ ）4.A. touched B. broke C. disliked D. cared
（ ）5.A. if B. though C. so D. when
（ ）6.A. outgoing B. smart C. talented D. serious
（ ）7.A.harder B. more clearly C. farther D. more easily
（ ）8.A.mirrors B. competitions C. facts D. activities
（ ）9.A.grows B. wins C. reaches D. worries
（ ）10.A.leaves B. fights C. shares D. forgets