2021-2022学年重庆市七校高一上学期12月第十五周联合调研测试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年重庆市七校高一上学期12月第十五周联合调研测试英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了考试结束后，将答题卷交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年重庆市七校高一上学期12月第十五周联合调研测试
英语试题
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4．考试结束后，将答题卷交回。
第I卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束前，你将有两分钟的时间江试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.15. C. ￡9.18.
答案是B。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How is the weather this weekend according to the weatherman?
A. Warm. B. Cool. C. Cold.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I really want to go to the beach this weekend. The weatherman said it’s going to be warm.
M: Good. I hope it doesn’t cool off. You know that the weather in California is really changeable. One minute it’s hot, and then the next minute it’s cold.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the correct order number for the yellow teapot?
A. TP12FS. B. TP12SF. C. PT12FS.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you have an order number there, Mrs. Garcia?
W: Yes It’s TP12FS.
M: One moment, please. Ah, yes. I see the problem. TP12FS is the correct number for the purple teapot. The yellow one you wanted is TP12SF.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is Martin busy doing?
A. Writing a book. B. Reading about Cuba. C. Looking for good news.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: So, Martin, what have you been up to? Anything new?
M: Well, these days I am writing a book about Cuba. It is interesting but I’m so busy that I don’t have time to do anything else.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I was so lucky to get a ticket to the concert last night. It was great fun. I went with my father.
M: What did you do after the concert?
W: I went straight home because I had to finish my homework. OK, Tim. I have to go. See you in class tomorrow.
M: Bye. Anyway, I have to go home and finish my homework.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The man’s toy. B. The man’s father. C. The man’s childhood.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Look, that’s me when I was eight or nine in the photo, holding a model train engine.
W: Was it part of that train set you’ve still got in your room?
M: Yeah, my father and I built all that together. We used to spend hours playing with it.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. Why is the woman looking for the envelope?
A. She wants to send a letter. B. She needs to give it to Jill. C. She put her PIN number in it.
7. What might the woman do next?
A. Find Jill. B. Go to the kitchen. C. Buy an envelope.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, Brad. You didn’t take the envelope that was on the kitchen table, did you?
M: No, why? Do you want to send a letter?
W: Well, actually my new PIN number was in that envelope.
M: You’re kidding me, are you?
W: No, I’m not. I left it here this morning.
M: Go and ask Jill. Maybe she’s seen it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. When does the meeting end?
A. At 8:30. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:30.
9. What do we know about the woman?
A. She was late for work today.
B. She will be the man’s assistant.
C. She is a new worker of the company.
【答案】8. C 9. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, Sarah. Good to see you again. Welcome to the company.
W: Thank you. I know you asked me to come in a little later on my first day, but what time do I normally start work?
M: Well, the office opens at 8:30 and the team starts work at a 9 o’clock meeting.
W: What happens after the meeting?
M: We take a break at 10:30. My assistant Mia makes coffee for us all. Then it’s time to call customers and make sales.
W: That sounds good.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. Why is the man making the call?
A. To have a talk with Tom.
B. To invite the woman to a movie.
C. To introduce a friend to the woman.
11. What is Tom doing?
A. Watching TV. B. Talking on the phone. C. Having fun with Julie.
12. What can we learn about the man?
A. He knows Julie. B. He lives in town. C. He shares a house with a friend.
【答案】10. B 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【详解】【原文】
M: Hey, Tina. This is Sam. How’s it going?
W: Pretty good, Sam. How are you?
M: Great! Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
W: Sorry, we don’t go out on Saturdays. Tom and I always stay at home and watch TV.
M: That’s OK. Is Tom there now?
W: Yes, but he is talking on his cell phone with his sister, Julie. Do you remember her?
M: Yes, of course. She lives in Seattle right now, right?
W: Right, but she’s in town now. She stays with a friend for a few days.
M: That’s nice. Tell her I say hello.
W: Sure.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. What did the man do on Sunday?
A. He went to the museum. B. He visited the old castle. C. He watched a football match.
14. How did the man find the movie?
A. Special. B. Interesting. C. Boring.
15. Who is Helen most likely to be?
A. The man’s friend. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s daughter.
16. What food did the man have?
A. Italian food. B. Thai food. C. Chinese food.
【答案】13 A 14. C 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Ben! How was your weekend?
M: Great, thanks! I visited York with Helen and the kids. York is a really beautiful historic city and there are lots of old buildings. And my friend booked us a really nice hotel.
W: Oh? What did you do while you were there?
M: Well, we visited the old castle on Saturday. I love history and the kids enjoyed exploring all the different rooms. And we visited the museum on Sunday. It’s so interesting. You can see what the town looked like in the past.
W: What did you do on Saturday evening?
M: I wanted to go to a football match, but there were no tickets. So we went to see a movie instead. The kids liked it, but I didn’t. It was boring, to be honest.
W: What did you do for food?
M: Helen likes trying new food different from Italian food. So we planned to go to a Thai restaurant. Helen enjoyed it, but the kids didn’t like the food, so we walked to a Chinese restaurant, further along the street.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What difference does the speaker talk about first?
A. Some expressions. B. Traffic rules. C. The food.
18. What does the speaker think of the weather in London?
A. Changeable. B. Great. C. Uncomfortable.
19. When does the speaker finish work now?
A. At 5 p.m. B. At 8:30 p.m. C. At 9 p.m.
20 Where did the speaker use to go on Friday evening in America?
A. To the club. B. To the gym. C. To the restaurant.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, I’m Chris from Florida. Last year, I moved to London, where I’m working for an American company. It’s been a big change, and there have been lots of things to get used to. For example, in the U.S. we drive on the right, while here in Britain I’ve had to get used to driving on the left.
What else? Well, the weather in Florida is usually great, so I’m used to lots of sunshine, and I used to sunbathe a lot. In London it rains so much. I don’t think I’ll ever get used to it, and I always remember to take my umbrella with me.
Food in England is different, too. In America, I used to eat a lot of Mexican food. Here in England, people love Indian food, so I’m getting used to the different tastes. At the company where I work, it’s quite different. I used to work from 9 a.m. till 11 p.m. I hated working so late. Here in England, I start at 8:30 a.m., but finish at 5 p.m. On Friday evening English people like to go to the club with friends, but in America I used to go to the gym. I love sports.
Is there anything else? Some of the words are different. The subway is called the “underground” in London, and British people call the fall “autumn”.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）（改编）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four things that you can't miss in Macao
1. Macao Tower AJ Hackett Bungee Jump
The Macao Tower, 338 meters tall, is the world's 10th highest tower, with different activities, such as gambling, eating and entertainment.
One of the most welcomed activities is the bungee jump. The AJ Hackett Macao Tower Bungee Jump is 233 meters high, making it a Guinness World Record as the highest bungee jump in the world. Persuade yourself to have a try!
2. Grab a traditional Portuguese dinner
Macao was colonized（殖民化）by Portugal before 1999. As a result, Portuguese culture deeply influenced many comers. Many Portuguese settled and opened Portuguese restaurants in the special region, but the flavor is more adaptable to Chinese people.
3. Enjoy a Portuguese egg tart(葡式蛋挞)
One of the must-try local foods in Macao is the Portuguese egg tart. This dessert is different from the traditional Cantonese egg tart(广式蛋挞). One of the visible differences is the slightly burned caramel top. Among all bakeries selling Portuguese egg tarts, tourists prefer to go to Lord Stow's Bakery in Coloane.
4. Visit a museum
Macao, as a little city with only an area of 30.5 square kilometers, has 23 eye-catching museums.
Due to its unique history, both Eastern and Western historical sites can be found. Many of them are preserved(保留) for cultural heritage, tourist spots or museums, such as the Grand Prix Museum, Maritime Museum and Wine Museum.
21. If you are fond of bungee jump, where can you enjoy it?
A. St. Paul’s College B. Wine Palace
C. Macao Tower D. Stow’s Bakery
22. Which is the visible difference beteween Portuguese egg tart and Cantonese egg tart?
A. The color B. The slightly burned caramel top
C. The taste D. The price
23. Which museum cannot be found in Macao?
A. Grand Prix Museum B. Fruit Museum
C Maritime Museum D. Wine Museum
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了到澳门旅游不可错过的四件事情。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Macao Tower AJ Hackett Bungee Jump 部分第二段 “One of the most welcomed activities is the bungee jump.(最受欢迎的活动之一就是蹦极)”可知在澳门塔可以玩蹦极。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Enjoy a Portuguese egg tart(葡式蛋挞)部分“One of the visible differences is the slightly burned caramel top.(明显的差别之一是稍微烤焦的焦糖色顶部)”可知葡式蛋挞和广式蛋挞的区别在于焦糖色的顶部。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据Visit a museum 部分第二段最后一句话“Many of them are preserved(保留) for cultural heritage, tourist spots or museums, such as the Grand Prix Museum, Maritime Museum and Wine Museum.(其中很多都保留成了文化遗产、旅游景点或博物馆，比如大赛车博物馆、海事博物馆和葡萄酒博物馆)”可判断出只有B选项“水果博物馆”是无法在澳门找到的。故选B。
B
On James Owen’s 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself walking with difficulty up to the stage where he was giving a talk. “I looked like an old man,” says Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street.
He was about 25 pounds overweight and had chronic trouble with his back, knees, and shoulders. But instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal: He wanted to be pain-free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise — even though at the time he couldn’t do a single push-up.
Owen began his new exercise regimen (养生计划) by walking, though he became out of breath after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at the walks every day, along with some stretching. Once he had those basics done, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and to design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push-ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains.
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. The key: getting started, even if you walk just three blocks, which was all he could manage at first. “Think of it as movement, not exercise,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”
Now 81 and retired, Owen exercises an hour a day, six days a week. “It is the best investment I’ve ever made in my life,” he says.
24. Why did Owen make up his mind to do exercise?
A. To celebrate his 70th birthday. B. To get rid of his physical pain.
C. To write a book about exercise. D. To find a hobby after retirement.
25. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The exercise he preferred to do. B. The routine his trainer designed for him.
C. The difficulty he met during exercise. D. The process he undertook to keep fit.
26. What advice did Owen give to the people after 50 in his book?
A. They should invest on Wall Street. B. They should only do some slow exercise.
C. They should do exercise step by step. D. They should exercise an hour a day
27. what does the underline word “investment” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Input B. Money C. Solution D. Impression
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了詹姆斯欧文在生日之时看见自己老态龙钟的样子决定通过一个五年健身计划来改变自己并成功的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“But instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five-year goal: He wanted to be pain-free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise—even though at the time he couldn’t do a single push-up.(但是，欧文没有屈服于年龄，而是决定设定一个雄心勃勃的五年目标：他想要没有疼痛，他决定通过锻炼来实现这个目标——尽管当时他连一个俯卧撑都不会做。)”可知，欧文下定决心锻炼是为了摆脱身体上的疼痛。故选B项。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容，结合该段重点句“Owen began his new exercise regimen by walking(欧文以步行开始他新的运动养生法)”，“Once he had those basics done, he started weight lifting and hired a personal trainer…(一旦他完成了这些基本训练，他就开始举重，并雇了一个私人教练……)”，以及“The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.(最后一件事是找到他喜欢的其他活动，结果是骑自行车和游泳。)”可知，该段从欧文的角度讲述了他逐步进行的锻炼方式：步行，举重，骑自行车和游泳。选项D“The process he undertook to keep fit.(他努力保持健康的过程。)”概括了第三段的核心内容。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段末尾内容“The key: getting started, even if you walk just three blocks, which was all he could manage at first. ‘Think of it as movement, not exercise,’ he says. ‘The key is slow and steady progress.’(关键是：开始，即使你只走三个街区，这是他一开始所能做到的。“把它当成运动，而不是锻炼，”他说。“关键是缓慢而稳定的进展。”)”可知，他在书中给与读者的建议是“关键就是要开始锻炼，并且慢慢取得持续的进步。”故选C项。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章首段内容“‘I looked like an old man,’ says Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street.(“我看起来像个老人，”欧文说，他在华尔街建立了成功的职业生涯。)”中对于欧文的身份介绍可知，他在华尔街建立了成功的职业生涯，由此可推知，他是一位金融家，由此结合常识可推知，划线单词“investment”应是“投资”含义，用在“It is the best investment I’ve ever made in my life”句中表达“这是我一生所做出的最好的投资”，与选项A“Input(投入)”表达含义一致。故选A项。
C
By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. But it is something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing truck is a bicycle that has disappeared. How to give AI the reasoning ability for a seven-month-old child is now a matter of active research.
Modern AI is based on the idea of machine learning. If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels (像素) which could possibly indicate such a sign. Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs. Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common.
Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted. In a recent paper in Artificial Intelligence, Mehul Bhatt of Orebro University in Sweden, describes a different approach. He and his colleagues took some existing AI programs which are used by self-driving cars and bolted onto them a piece of software. In tests, if one car momentarily blocked the sight of another, the reasoning-enhanced software could keep track of the blocked car, predict where and when it would reappear, and take steps to avoid it if necessary. The improvement was not huge. On standard tests Dr Bhatt’s system scored about 5% better than existing software.
However, the question goes beyond self-driving cars to the future of AI itself. “I don’t think we’re taking the right approach right now,” Dr Marcus, who studies psychology and neural science at New York University, says. “It’s not actually the answer to AI. We haven’t really solved the intelligence problem.” One way or another, then, it seems seven-month-olds still have a lot to teach machines.
28. Why does the author mention seven-month-old children in the first paragraph?
A. To explain a rule. B. To prove a theory.
C. To make a prediction. D. To lead to a topic.
29. How does the author explain “machine learning” in paragraph 2?
A. By using data. B. By listing facts.
C. By introducing a concept. D. By giving an example.
30. What do we know about Dr Bhatt’s system?
A. It improves self-driving cars greatly.
B. It makes self-driving cars safer than before.
C. It has the intelligence of a seven-month-old child.
D. It uses the same method as previous machine learning.
31. What is Dr Marcus’s attitude to the present situation of AI?
A. Dissatisfied. B. Favorable.
C. Uninterested. D. Unclear.
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。自动驾驶汽车不具有识别推理暂时被挡住的车的能力，尽管Mehul Bhatt和同事研究了一款软件系统使自动驾驶汽车比以前更安全，但Marcus博士还是不满意人工智能的现状。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. But it is something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. (到7个月大的时候，大多数孩子已经知道即使看不见东西，它们仍然存在。但这是自动驾驶汽车所不具有的。这是个问题)”可知，作者在第一段中提到了7个月大的孩子以此引出本文的话题。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels (像素) which could possibly indicate such a sign. Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs. (如果一个工程师想让电脑识别一个停车标志，他不会试图写成千上万行代码来描述可能指示这个标志的每一个像素模式。相反，他编写了一个可以自我学习的程序，然后向该程序展示数千张停车标志的图片)”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式解释机器学习的原理。故选D项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“On standard tests Dr Bhatt’s system scored about 5% better than existing software. (在标准测试中，Bhatt博士的系统比现有的软件得分高出约5%)”可知，Bhatt博士的系统使自动驾驶汽车比以前更安全。故选B项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I don’t think we’re taking the right approach right now,” Dr Marcus, who studies psychology and neural science at New York University, says. “It’s not actually the answer to AI. We haven’t really solved the intelligence problem.”(在纽约大学研究心理学和神经科学的Marcus博士说：“我认为我们现在采取的方法不对。这实际上不是人工智能的答案。我们还没有真正解决智能的问题。”)”可知，Marcus博士并不满意人工智能的现状。故选A项。
D
Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀).
Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors—like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be.
It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are rucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.
However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts to heat-tapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22% of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that grows to 40% by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
32. Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion?
A. Damaging storms. B. Wave erosion. C. Coastal building. D. Sea level rise.
33. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. It is hard to protect coastal beaches. B. One third of storms take place near beaches.
C. Beaches are of great significance to our lives. D. Most Australians live on beach tourism.
34. People use various methods to protect beaches except ________.
A. Trucking in thousands of tons of sand to repair eroded shorelines.
B. Developing coastal buildings.
C. Building sea walls to hold sand in place.
D. Building breakwaters to keep sand in place.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Half beaches could disappear by 2100. B. Climate change is doing harm to our lives.
C. The beach is more than a vacation destination. D. Governments are taking action to fight wave erosion.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于气候的变化尤其是海平面的上升，到2100年，可能有多达一半的沙滩消失，甚至到2050年，一些海岸线也可能无法从我们今天看到的情况中辨认出来，其中10%到12%的海岸线将面临严重的侵蚀。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors—like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be. (研究人员还考虑了海浪侵蚀等自然过程，以及沿海建筑开发等人为因素，所有这些因素都会影响海滩的健康。研究发现预计海平面上升将超过这些其他因素，而且人类向大气中排放的吸热气体越多，对世界海滩的影响可能就越严重)”可知，海平面上升是造成严重海滩侵蚀的最大因素。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year. (很难夸大世界海滩的重要性。它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，保护沿海地区免受风暴的侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其他活动。在一些地区，海滩不仅仅是度假目的地。在澳大利亚等地，海岸附近的生活在一年的大部分时间里都围绕着海滩)”可知，从第三段中推断出海滩对我们的生活意义重大。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“Places like Miami Beach are rucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. (迈阿密海滩等地正在用成千上万吨的沙子修补严重侵蚀的海岸线，而其他一些地方则建造了海堤和防波堤，试图将珍贵的沙子保留在适当的位置)”可知，人们用成千上万吨的沙子修补严重侵蚀的海岸线，建造了海堤和防波堤来保护海滩，并未提及B项“开发沿海建筑”来保护海滩。故选B项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段“Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀). (一项新的研究发现，气候变化对世界沙滩构成威胁，到2100年，多达一半的沙滩可能消失。甚至到2050年，一些海岸线也可能无法从我们今天看到的情况中辨认出来，其中10%到12%面临严重侵蚀)”可知，本文主要讲述了由于气候的变化尤其是海平面的上升，到2100年，可能有多达一半的沙滩会消失，A项“到2100年，一半的海滩可能消失”符合句意。故选A项。
第二节：七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（改编）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many friendships go through tough times, but a difficult fight may leave your relationship beyond repair. However, if you really care about this person, it will be worth the effort to fix a broken friendship. ____36____
Be the first one to reach out. If you aren’t talking to each other, someone will have to make the first move. Let it be you this time! ____37____ You need to try a few different ways to reach them.
____38____ Explain what you feel is the problem and be honest about it. Then ask them to do the same. Really listen and don’t cut in. This way, you both get to tell your side of the story and get everything out on the table.
Apologize (道歉) to them and accept their apology. Even if you didn’t do anything and you believe the situation is their fault, opening with an apology sets the tone. You could say, “I’m really sorry that things have gotten to this point. ____39____” If you did something wrong, apologize to them frankly. If they apologize to you, accept their apology kindly.
Take things slowly. If you and your best friend had a major falling out, hanging out every day after school as you used to do probably isn’t the healthiest way to rebuild things. ____40____
This will give you both time to heal and rebuild your friendship together.
A. Communicate about the problem honestly and openly.
B. It shows that you’re serious about settling things.
C. Examine the way you treat each other.
D. The following tips will help you know how to make it.
E. I want things to be better between us.
F. Instead, you should start slowly with occasional hangouts or phone calls.
G. Thus, you should stop making an argument and trust your friend.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是几种恢复友谊的方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“However, if you really care about this person, it will be worth the effort to fix a broken friendship.（然而，如果你真的在乎这个人，修复一段破裂的友谊是值得的。）”和下文的建议可知，空处承上启下，引出下文的建议。D项：The following tips will help you know how to make it.（下面的建议将帮助你了解如何做到这一点。）符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上句“Let it be you this time!（这次就让你来吧！）”以及本段的中心句“Be the first one to reach out.（做第一个主动伸出援手的人）”可知，设空处说明第一个主动伸出援手的人表明的是你的什么态度。B项：It shows that you’re serious about settling things.（这表明你对解决问题很认真。）符合语境。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Explain what you feel is the problem and be honest about it. Then ask them to do the same. Really listen and don’t cut in. This way, you both get to tell your side of the story and get everything out on the table.（解释你的问题所在，并诚实地面对它。然后让他们也这样做。认真倾听，不要插话。这样，你俩都能说出自己的看法，把一切都摊开来讲。）”可知，本段在说要诚布公地沟通问题。“communicate”对应；“honestly”和“honest”对应。A项：Communicate about the problem honestly and openly.（诚实和公开地沟通这个问题。）符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上句“I’m really sorry that things have gotten to this point.（事情发展到这一步，我感到非常抱歉。）”可知，选项承接上文说明对我们之间关系的期望，进而表明自己的态度。E项：I want things to be better between us.（我希望我们之间能好起来。）符合语境。故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If you and your best friend had a major falling out, hanging out every day after school as you used to do probably isn’t the healthiest way to rebuild things.（如果你和你最好的朋友大吵了一架，像你以前那样每天放学后一起出去玩可能不是重建关系的最健康的方式。）”可知，设空处应该提出重建关系的好的方式是什么。F项：Instead, you should start slowly with occasional hangouts or phone calls.（相反，你应该从偶尔的聚会或打电话慢慢开始。）符合语境。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）（改编）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls as they throw paper and howl with laughter. They won’t listen to me. I never wanted to ____41____. I wanted to be a writer. But when I arrived in London, they were ____42____ of teachers.
My efforts at teaching were ____43____. When the bell finally rang, I ____44____ to the staff room, red with anger. The other teachers weren’t ____45____. “That’s 4B, the worst class in school.”
But I couldn’t give up. I ____46____ formal lessons. Instead, I brought topics for class discussion. One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had with their ____47____
They paid attention and were ____48____ to share about their family lives. Then I had them write about themselves. As time went on, their essays became a ____49____ between us. I ____50____their humor, toughness and eagerness, and I think they appreciated my interest in their lives.
The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End and I asked if they’d like to see the musical. They thought I was joking and did not take it ____51____ since no teacher had ever suggested taking them out. A few weeks later, 4B and I were ____52____ in theater. They loved the musical and the characters.
Near the end of the term, two most rebellious (叛逆的) girls with flowers were knocking on my door. I was ____53____ to know I had touched their hearts and made a difference to their lives, but they had also touched mine. I enjoyed teaching and getting along with ____54____
When I returned to Australia several years later, I still ____55____ to be a writer. Teaching wasn’t the end of my writing career; it was the beginning.
41. A. guide B. perform C. teach D. explore
42. A. suitable B. short C. afraid D. fond
43. A. special B. successful C. powerful D. hopeless
44. A. rushed B. wandered C. slid D. marched
45. A. impressed B. surprised C. annoyed D. delighted
46. A. recommended B. advanced C. registered D. quitted
47. A. classmates B. parents C. friends D. teachers
48. A. worried B. unwilling C. fluent D. eager
49. A. secret B. challenge C. bridge D. adventure
50. A. pretended B. admired C. arranged D. contacted
51. A. seriously B. gracefully C. extremely D. obviously
52. A. working B. playing C. acting D. sitting
53. A. anxious B. curious C. proud D. confused
54. A. actors B. teenagers C. teachers D. writer
55. A. stressed B. intended C. doubted D. exchanged
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一心想成为作家，没想到却成为学校最差班级的一名老师。作者用自己的爱心与智慧影响了一群狂野的女生，自己也从中得到了写作的素材，真正地成为了一名作家。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没想到会去教书。A. guide指导；B. perform表演；C. teach教；D. explore探索。根据“I wanted to be a writer. But when I arrived in London, they were 2 of teachers.”可知，作者本来想成为一名作家，没想到来到伦敦之后他们缺老师，作者去当了老师，所以此处指作者没想过去教书。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当我到伦敦之后，才知道他们缺老师。A. suitable合适点的；B. short短缺的；C. afraid 害怕的；D. fond喜欢的。根据“I wanted to be a writer. But when I arrived in London,”可知，作者本来想成为一名作家，又根据转折词but可推知，他们缺老师，be short of意为“短缺”，符合语境。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我教书的努力是没有希望的。A. special特别的；B. successful成功的；C. powerful 强大的；D. hopeless没有希望的。根据下文“When the bell finally rang. I 4 to the staff room, red with anger. The other teachers weren’t 5 . “That’s 4B, the worst class in school.””可知，学生在课堂上的表现让作者很生气，并且其他老师也说作者带的班级是学校最差的班，所以可以推断，作者认为自己教学的努力是没有希望的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲进办公室，气得满脸通红。A. rushed冲；B. wandered徘徊；C. slid滑落；D. marched前进。根据“red with anger”可知，作者上完课很生气，所以可以推断作者冲进了办公室。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他老师并不吃惊。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. surprised吃惊的；C. annoyed恼怒的 ；D. delighted开心的。根据下文“That’s 4B, the worst class in school.”可知，其他老师知道作者带的班级是全校最差的，所以他们看到作者上完课的反应自然不会吃惊。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我放弃了正规的课程。A. recommended推荐；B. advanced前进；C. registered注册；D. quitted放弃。根据“Instead, I brought topics for class discussion.”可知，作者放弃了原定的正规课程而带来课堂讨论的话题。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中最活跃的谈话是关于她们和父母的争吵。A. classmates同学；B. parents父母；C. friends朋友；D. teachers老师。根据“They paid attention and were 8 to share about their family lives.”可知，学生谈论最活跃的话题是她们与父母的争吵。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们关注并渴望分享她们的家庭生活。A. worried担心的；B. unwilling不情愿的；C. fluent流利的；D. eager渴望的。根据“One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had with their 7 .”可知，家庭生活的话题是学生们感兴趣的，因此她们渴望分享这一话题。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她们的文章成为我们之间的桥梁。A. secret秘密；B. challenge挑战；C. bridge桥梁；D. adventure 冒险。根据前文“Then I had them write about themselves.”可知，作者让学生写她们自己，她们所写的文章成为师生交流的桥梁。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我欣赏她们的幽默、坚韧和热切，我想她们也感激我对她们的生活感兴趣。A. pretended 假装；B. admired欣赏；C. arranged安排；D. contacted联系。根据后文“and I think they appreciated my interest in their lives.”可知，作者和学生们彼此欣赏对方，所以此处指作者欣赏学生们的幽默，坚韧和热切。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她们以为我是在开玩笑，并没有认真对待，因为从来没有老师建议带她们出去。A. seriously严肃地；B. gracefully优雅地；C. extremely 极度地；D. obviously明显地 。根据“They thought I was joking”可知，学生们认为作者是在开玩笑，所以对作者说的话没有认真对待。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周后，我和4B班的同学坐在剧院里。A. working工作；B. playing玩；C. acting表演；D. sitting坐。根据“They loved the musical and the characters.”可知，作者和女孩们坐在了剧院里看音乐剧《窈窕淑女》。故选D项。
53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很自豪地知道，我触动了她们的心灵，对她们的生活产生了影响，但她们也触动了我。A. anxious焦虑的；B. curious 好奇的；C. proud自豪的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“Near the end of the term, two most rebellious(叛逆的) girls with flowers were knocking on my door.”可知，作者改变了这群叛逆的女孩子，由此可以推断作者因此而感到自豪。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢教书，也喜欢和青少年相处。A. actors演员；B. teenagers青少年；C. teachers老师；D. writer作家。根据文章第一句“I’m standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls”可知，作者所教的学生是一群青少年，因此作者喜欢上了教书，也喜欢和青少年相处。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我几年后回到澳大利亚时，我仍然想成为一名作家。A. stressed强调；B. intended想要；C. doubted怀疑；D. exchanged交换。根据“Teaching wasn’t the end of my writing career; it was the beginning.”可知，作者想要成为一名作家的梦想并没有因为教书的经历而改变。故选B项。
第II卷
第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）（原创）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peng Liyuan, ____56____ wife of President Xi Jinping, has called for unity and cooperation (合作) ____57____（advance）girls' and women's education around the world.
Peng mentioned China's tireless efforts to secure the goal of getting rid of absolute poverty across the country, saying that anti-poverty program through advancing education ____58____(be) one of the important measures in achieving that goal. She also underlined the need to strengthen the determination to advance girls' and women's education in order to enable more of them to receive a good education. As COVID-19 is still spreading ____59____(global), Peng said that no girls should be left behind due to the pandemic. She called for international cooperation, more financial input ____60____ more creative steps to deal with the challenges. She said that education should focus ____61____ helping people improve their ability to promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature, ____62____(add) that she is confident that the world in the future will be ____63____(beautiful) as a result of education. Peng expressed her hope ____64____ governments from all countries, international _____65_____(organize), civil society and individuals could take active measures to empower women with education, and push for girls' and women's education to make greater progress .
【答案】56. the
57. to advance
58. is 59. globally
60. and 61. on
62. adding 63. more beautiful
64. that 65. organizations
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国国家主席习近平的夫人彭丽媛呼吁团结合作，推进全球女童和妇女教育。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国国家主席习近平的夫人彭丽媛呼吁团结合作，推进全球女童和妇女教育。此处特指是“习近平主席的夫人”，需用定冠词the。故填the。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处应填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to advance。
【58题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：彭提到了中国为实现在全国范围内消除绝对贫困的目标所做的不懈努力，她说，通过推进教育扶贫项目是实现这一目标的重要措施之一。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为anti-poverty program，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：COVID-19仍在全球范围内传播，彭说，不应该因为大流行而让女孩掉队。修饰动词is spreading需用副词作状语。故填globally。
【60题详解】
考查连词。句意：她呼吁国际合作，更多的资金投入和更多的创造性措施来应对这些挑战。more financial input和more creative steps为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她说，教育的重点应该是帮助人们提高自己促进人与自然和谐共处的能力，并补充说，她相信未来的世界将因为教育而更加美丽。focus on为固定短语，意为“专注于，集中在”。故填on。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，She和add为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填adding。
【63题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。be动词后面需加形容词作表语，结合语境可知，此处表示“更加美丽的”，需用形容词比较级。故填more beautiful。
【64题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：彭丽媛表示，希望各国政府、国际组织、民间社会和个人积极采取措施，赋予妇女受教育的权利，推动女童和妇女教育取得更大进步。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明hope的具体内容，从句不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。空处和countries并列，需填名词，organization为可数名词，此处表泛指，需填名词复数形式。故填organizations。
第三节：单句填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
66. The ability to keep calm is one of her many________ (strong). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】strengths
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。many修饰可数名词复数。所以填strengths。故填strengths。
67. Students learned the practical ________(apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】application
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。practical为形容词，作定语修饰名词，结合句意“应用”可知，应填名词application，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填application。
68. By the way, does your package need ________(pack )? (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】packing##to be packed
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：顺便问一下，你的包裹需要打包吗？根据句意，空处表示“某事需要被做”，为need doing 或need to be done。故填packing或to be packed。
69. He ________(work) in a bank since leaving school. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has been working
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他毕业后就在一家银行工作。分析句子可知，此空应该填谓语动词，根据时间标志词since和语意，可知，这里应该用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时的基本结构是：have/ has been doing，因为句子主语是He，所以用has。故填has been working。
70. Michael Jordan, who has won six titles with the ChicagoBulls, encouraged us with his words “I can accept ________(fail) but I can’t accept not trying”. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】failure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：迈克尔·乔丹曾在芝加哥公牛队获得过6次总冠军，他鼓励我们说：“我可以接受失败，但我不能接受不去尝试。”分析句子可知，空处要用名词做accept的宾语，failure意为“失败”，符合句意，且为不可数名词。故填failure。
71. Can I rely on you to behave ________(responsible) while I am away. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】responsibly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我能指望你在我不在的时候表现得负责任吗？空处修饰动词behave，应填副词作状语。故填responsibly。
72. There comes a time ________ China will do much good to all the people in the world, including the Chinese and all foreign friends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个时代来临了，在这个时代中国会为全世界人民创造许多福祉，包括中国人和所有外国友人。分析句子结构可知，空白前句主干成分完整，后句主干成分完整，考虑定语从句，先行词为a time，表时间，考虑后句缺少时间状语，应使用关系副词when。故填when。
73. It is for this reason _______ Spanish is the main official language of Peru. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是因为这个原因，西班牙语成为秘鲁的主要官方语言。分析句子结构可知去掉It is与空处，余下部分可以构成完整句子，可推知此处为强调句结构“It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分”，当被强调部分为人时，that可替换为who，此处被强调部分为for this reason，故应用that。故填that。
74. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and make ________ difficult to focus on other things in life. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：但在网上花费太多时间是很不健康的，且会让人难以专注于生活中其他事情。分析句子可知，使役动词make后缺少宾语，difficult为宾补，由句意可知真正的宾语是后面的不定式，则此处需要形式宾语it。故填it。
75. We requested that the next meeting ________(hold)on a Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】be held##should be held
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：我们要求下次会议在星期五举行。request意为“要求”，后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语使用（should）do，the next meeting和hold为被动关系，使用被动语态。故填（should）be held。
76. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______ (recognize). （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】being recognized
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位电影明星戴着墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。介词without后用动名词形式；recognize和句子主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用动名词的被动形式being done。故填being recognized。
77. Dog’s owners should be responsible if their pets do an ________(injure) to other people or cause damage to their property. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】injury
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果他们的宠物对人们造成伤害或者对财产造成损失，狗的主人应该为此负责。分析句子可知，设空处前面有不定冠词an，此空填名词。空处缺少名词作宾语，不定冠词 an表明用可数名词单数。故填injury。
【点睛】
78. ________(compare) with last year, the price of beef has increased. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】compared
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has increased，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the price of beef和compare为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared。
79. He defeated other ________(compete)and won the world high jump title. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】competitors
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他击败了其他竞争者，赢得了跳高世界冠军。根据句意可知，空处意为“竞争者”，为名词competitor，other表示应该用复数。故填competitors。
80. If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 pm next Thursday so that we will make necessary ________ (arrange). （用所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】arrangements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你感兴趣的话，请在下周四下午5点之前到办公室报名，以便于我们做出必要的安排。分析句子结构，可知空前是形容词，修饰名词，所以空处需填名词，根据句意，空处名词应是可数名词，空前没有不定冠词修饰，故填arrangements。
第四部分：写作（满分25分）
81. 假定你是李华。你的美国网友Eric打算寒假期间到中国来旅游。最近，他来信向你询问来中国旅游时的注意事项。请你用英语给他回封邮件。内容包括：
1. 交通工具的选择；
2. 购物付款方式；
3. 天气、饮食和住宿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Eric,
I’m glad to know you’re coming to China to travel in the winter vacation. Here re some tips for you during your stay here.
You can take the plane if you travel to a faraway place. By the way, high-speed railway, which is fast and comfortable, is very popular in China today. While shopping, you can use your credit card or cash. But there’s a new and interesting way of paying called Alipay or WeChat pay. As for the weather, it’s cold in winter here. So do wear thick and warm clothes. Hotels are easy to find and the Chinese food is distinctive and delicious. I’m sure you will enjoy yourself here.
Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，要求为写一封电子邮件；你的美国网友Eric打算寒假期间到中国来旅游。最近，他来信向你询问来中国旅游时的注意事项。请你用英语给他回封邮件。内容包括：1. 交通工具的选择；2. 购物付款方式；3. 天气、饮食和住宿。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：glad to（高兴做某事），some tips （一些建议），By the way（顺便说一句），high-speed railway（高速铁路），distinctive and delicious（独特而美味）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I’m glad to know you’re coming to China to travel in the winter vacation. 运用宾语从句；By the way, high-speed railway, which is fast and comfortable, is very popular in China today.运用了定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。