2021-2022学年上海市松江二中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市松江二中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了 was elected， Because/As， T seek 4， until 7， wuld change， was crwded， him， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021-2022学年上海市松江二中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Venturing Pilot
Charles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota, where his father ____1____ (elect) to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D.C., and Little Falls, Minnesota. ____2____ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent, in 1921, he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering. ____3____(seek) more challenges, he left university before graduation and became a pilot, who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience in flying. He was particularly delighted in ____4____ he called “wing-walking” and parachute jumping.
_____5_____(train) in air service for a year Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class. He was offered a job in Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis in Missouri where he retained his job _____6_____ 1927, running the routes between St. Louis and Chicago. During this period, he set out to win the Raymond B, Orteig prize of $25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot _____7_____(fly) nonstop from New York to Paris. He knew this ambitious flight _____8_____ (change) his life.
On board the greatest adventure of his time, Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5:52 a.m. on May 20, 1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 p.m. the next day. Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris, but when his plane came to a stop, he found himself _____9_____(crowd) with welcoming people. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium. President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser, the Memphis to bring him back. His accomplishments in flying brought _____10_____ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life.
【答案】1. was elected
2. Because/As
3. To seek 4. what
5. Having been trained/Trained
6. until 7. to fly
8. would change
9. was crowded
10. him
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇人物传记。短文介绍了敢于冒险的美国飞行员Charles Lindberg。
【1题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“in 1907”可知，where引导的定语从句为一般过去时，主语为his father，与谓语elect为被动。故填was elected。
【2题详解】
考查从属连词。分析句子可知，由于Charles Lindberg表现出非凡的机械才能，1921年，他被威斯康辛大学录取，攻读工程学。所以本句为Because/As引导的原因状语从句。所以填从属连词Because/As。故填Because/As。
【3题详解】
考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To seek。
【4题详解】
考查连接代词。分析句子可知，in为介词后接句子做宾语，宾语从句的主语为he，谓语为 called ，call后接双宾语，直接宾语由what来充当。故填what。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主语为Lindberg，谓语为 complete。所以空处应填非谓语动词，train表示的动作发生在complete之前，且与主语在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用现在分词的完成被动形式作状语。也可用过去分词作状语。故填Having been trained/Trained。
【6题详解】
考查介词。分析句子可知，空处应填介词，until表示的是一段时间的终点且符合句意。故填until 。
【7题详解】
考查动词不定式。the+序数词后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to fly。
【8题详解】
考查过去将来时。由“knew，ambitious flight”可知，宾语从句为过去将来时。故填would change 。
【9题详解】
考查形容词短语。be crowded with为固定短语。在本句中作himself的宾语补足语。故填crowded 。
【10题详解】
考查代词。分析句子可知，bring后接双宾语，结构为：bring sb sth。他的成就为他带来了很多的奖励。所以空处应填him作brought的间接宾语。故填him。
【点睛】what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.
二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语、定语.
分析小题4的句子可知，in为介词后接句子做宾语，宾语从句的主语为he，谓语为 called ，直接宾语由what来充当。故填what。
Section B
Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advanced B. concerns C. governance D. data E. determined F. track G. identify H. precautions I. leading J. technological K. transform
The Rise of the Smart City
The information revolution is changing the way cities are run and the lives of its residents. Cities have a long way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they're getting smart pretty fast.
In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on ____11____ about income, traffic, fires, illness, parking tickets and more—to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it's making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big-data technologies are beginning to ____12____ the way cities work.
Cities have just scratched the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in ____13____ smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith，a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School.“In terms of city ____14____ we are at one of the most consequential periods in the last century,” he says.
Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades，the modern practice of civic analytics (民情分析) has only begun to take off past few years, thanks to the ____15____ changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put ____16____ analytical tools, in the hand of city officials, the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can keep ____17____ of vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and feed information about them back to city hall.
All this data collection raises understandable privacy ____18____. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might ____19____ any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless ____20____ are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven't had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard's BerkmanKlein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.
【答案】11. D 12. K
13. I 14. C
15. J 16. A
17. F 18. B
19. G 20. H
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了随着智慧城市的崛起，信息革命正在改变城市的运行方式及其居民的生活，城市大数据的运用正在解决过去一直无法处理的一系列问题，使城市的运行更科学、更智能化，人们的生活更便捷方便，同时大数据的收集也引发对公民个人隐私的担心。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：就在过去几年里，全国各城市的市长和其他官员开始利用收入、交通、火灾、疾病、停车罚单等数据来处理城市生活中的许多问题。分析句子可知，空格处应作前面介词on的宾语，用名词形式；根据后文所列举的名词，名词data数据，符合句意。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查动词原形。句意：无论是让居民更容易找到停车位，还是向最有可能遭受致命火灾的家庭发出烟雾警报，大数据技术都开始改变城市的工作方式。分析句子可知，空格处在不定式to后，用动词原形。结合句意，此处表达“改变”，应用动词transform。故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学肯尼迪学院（Harvard Kennedy School）政府学教授兼政府创新项目主任斯蒂芬·戈德史密斯（Stephen Goldsmith）表示，城市在利用数据改善运营方面刚刚起步，但一流的智能城市已经在发生重大变化。分析句子可知，空格处是形容词作定语修饰名词短语smart cities。结合句意，此处表达“一流的”，应用形容词leading。故选I项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：“就城市治理而言，我们正处于上个世纪最重要的时期之一，”他说。分析句子可知，空格处作介词of后的宾语，用名词形式。结合句意，此处表示“城市治理”，名词短语city governance符合题意。故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管城市几十年来一直在以各种形式使用数据，但民情分析的现代实践由于技术上的改变，这项技术在过去几年才开始发展。分析句子可知，thanks to中to为介词，后面接名词作宾语，因此空格处修饰后面名词作前置定语，用形容词形式。结合句意，此处表示“技术改变”，形容词technological技术上的，符合句意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：机器学习的新发展将先进的分析工具交给了城市官员。分析句子可知，此句为which引导非限制性定语从句，空格处修饰后面名词tools，作前置定语，用形容词形式。结合句意，此处表示“先进的”，形容词advanced符合句意。故选A项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：互联网和廉价传感器的兴起，这些传感器可以跟踪大量信息，如交通或空气污染。分析句子可知，空格处作动词keep的宾语，用名词形式。结合语境，keep track of追踪，固定搭配，符合句意。故选F项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：所有这些数据收集引起了可以理解的隐私问题关注。分析句子可知，空格处作前面动词raise的宾语，结合句意，此处表达“隐私问题关注”，名词短语privacy concerns符合句意。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：大多数城市都制定了保护公民隐私的政策，并防止发布可能识别任何个人的信息。分析句子可知，that引导定语从句，先行词information在从句作主语，空格处前面由情态动词might,后接动词原形。结合句意，此处表示“识别”，动词identify符合句意。故选G项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：传感器和视频的广泛使用也会带来隐私风险，除非采取预防措施。分析句子可知，空格处在unless引导的从句里作主语，用名词形式。结合语境，此处表达“预防措施”，用名词复数形式。名词复数precautions 预防措施，符合句意。故选H项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness... At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
--Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing ____21____ from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health? ____22____, a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a____23____ greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical (经验主义) ____24____ that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方) for a(n) ____25____.
We are now far____26____ from the natural world of our ancestors...more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to > 70% by 2050). Increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a natural setting is relevant to a less____27____ stress response, and exposure to greenspace____28____ relates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the____29____ of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being. But how does exposure to green space help us____30____, exactly?
Dr. Gregory Bratman’s group at Stanford has published a couple of paper following a small group of healthy volunteers told to have a 5 kilometers walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an____31____ walk. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs. More natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had____32____ activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and roll over ideas and worry, ____33____ to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive benefits. In the hyper-urban world to come, designing accessible, safe____34____ may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. ____35____ , a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
21. A. resistance B. isolation C. interruption D. distance
22. A. Currently B. Generally C. Historically D. Fortunately
23. A. local B. imposing C. fascinating D. standard
24. A. assistance B. evidence C. belief D. approach
25. A. cycling B. swimming C. adventure D. hike
26. A. removed B. rid C. driven D. dropped
27. A. slight B. severe C. similar D. negative
28. A. dominantly B. lively C. merely D. significantly
29. A. exposure B. link C. availability D. necessity
30. A. tolerate B. unwind C. swing D. resolve
31. A. casual B. earnest C. upright D. scenic
32. A. reduced B. increased C. intensified D. balanced
33. A. responses B. contribution C. approach D. exposure
34. A. communities B. transportations C. greenspaces D. facilities
35. A. In a word B. For instance C. In the meantime D. In particular
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了绿色空间对于人们心理健康的好处。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们现在的生活方式和我们进化的过去的生活方式之间的一个主要区别是，随着城市化进程的加快，我们越来越远离自然环境。A. resistance抵制；B. isolation隔离；C. interruption中断；D. distance距离。根据下文“a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city.（如果有办法的话，治疗身体不好或情绪低落的一种方法就是把某人送去乡间或海滨的宁静之地，远离城市的喧嚣。）”可知，这里说的是人们越来越远离自然环境，故选择B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前，如果有办法的话，治疗身体不好或情绪低落的一种方法是把某人送去乡间或海滨的宁静之地，远离城市的喧嚣。A. Currently现在；B. Generally大体上；C. Historically历史地D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上文“One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing isolution from natural settings with increased urbanization.（我们现在的生活方式和我们进化的过去的生活方式之间的一个主要区别是，随着城市化进程的加快，我们越来越远离自然环境。）”，可知，说的是现在，针对现在的生活方式有一种可行的方法，故选择A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、野营、户外运动，甚至在迷人的绿色空间散步以放松头脑，这些都很受欢迎，这说明了一些经验证据表明，大自然确实抚慰了这头野蛮的野兽。A. local当地的；B. imposing壮观的；C. fascinating迷人的；D. standard标准的。根据上文“The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque（到美丽的国家公园度假、野营、户外运动，甚至到风景如画的公园度假都很受欢迎）”可知，这里说的都是适合户外活动的地方，包括迷人的绿色空间，故选择C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. assistance援助；B. evidence证据；C. belief信仰；D. approach方法。根据下文“nature does soothe the savage beast.（大自然确实抚慰了这头野蛮的野兽）”可知，上文说的那些证据能够表明，这一道理，故选择B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，科学家们正在研究自然疗法的想法，其严肃程度要比一张匆忙开出的远足处方要高一些。A. cycling骑自行车；B. swimming 游泳；C. adventure冒险；D. hike徒步旅行。根据上文“The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a fascinating greenspace to clear the mind（人们喜欢去美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外运动，甚至在迷人的绿色空间里散步，放松一下头脑）”可知，这里所说的处方应该是徒步旅行，故选择D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区（到2050年将增加到70%以上）。A. removed 移开；B. rid摆脱；C. driven 驾驶；D. dropped掉落。根据下文“more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to > 70% by 2050).（超过50%的人生活在城市地区，到2050年将增加到70%以上）”可知，人们现在离自然越来越远，故选择A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项为期二十年的大型研究中，在自然环境中成长与较不严重的压力反应有关，而在绿色空间中成长与健康的积极影响显著相关。A. slight稍微；B. severe严重的；C. similar相似的；D. negative消极的。根据下文“A large survey of mental health and neighborhood green space in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the availability of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.（威斯康星州的一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的存在与较低的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平之间存在着显著的相关性。）”可知，在自然环境中成长，压力水平较低，故选择B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dominantly占优势地；B. lively活泼的；C. merely仅仅；D. significantly显著地。根据下文“Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli.（自然环境的图像和声音可以减轻人们在受到负面刺激时的压力。）”可知，绿色空间与健康显著相关，故选择D项。
29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：威斯康星州的一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的存在与较低的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平之间存在着显著的相关性。A. exposure面临；B. link联系；C. availability利用率；D. necessity必然性。根据下文“There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being（有许多研究表明，自然暴露、放松和幸福感之间存在类似的关系）”可知，这里说的是心理健康与自然利用率之间存在着联系，故选择C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，接触绿色空间究竟是如何帮助我们放松的呢？A. tolerate容忍；B. unwind放松；C. swing摆动； D. resolve解决。根据上文“There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being.（许多研究表明，自然暴露、放松和健康之间存在类似的关系）”可知，这里问的是，绿色空间如何帮助我们放松？故选择B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一半人沿着一条繁忙的街道散步，另一半人则在风景优美的地方散步。A. casual随便的；B. earnest真诚的； C. upright垂直的；D. scenic风景优美的。根据下文“The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street.（与沿着繁忙的街道散步相比，自然步行更具吸引力。）”可知，上文说的是风景优美的地方散步，故选择D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，自然行走者在特定的大脑区域，即膝下前额叶皮层的活动减少。A. reduced 减少；B. increased增加；C. intensified使加强；D. balanced平衡的。根据下文“This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.（大脑的这一区域与反刍有关，或者一遍又一遍地为同样的问题担忧，这一问题通常在抑郁症和焦虑症中描述。）”可知，缓解压力和减少抑郁，就是要降低大脑这一区域的活动，故选择A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在这样一个世界和环境中，我们的大脑在加班加点地工作，我们思考和反复思考各种想法和担忧，接触大自然似乎能让我们头脑清醒，并可能带来积极的好处。A. responses答复；B. contribution贡献；C. approach方法；D. exposure接触。根据第三段中“There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being.（有许多研究表明，接触自然、放松和幸福感之间存在类似的关系。）”可知，接触自然与放松，让头脑清醒有关，故选择D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来的超级城市世界中，设计无障碍、安全的绿色空间可能有助于人们的心理健康，而保护我们的自然景观，让我们的子孙后代享受，将继续是国家的一项要务。A. communities社区；B. transportations交通；C. green spaces绿色空间；D. facilities设施。根据第三段中“But how does exposure to green space help us unwind, exactly?（但是，接触绿色空间究竟是如何帮助我们放松的呢？）”可知，这里说的是绿色空间对于人们的心里健康由好处，故选择C项。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：总之，一张周末徒步旅行的处方可能会对大脑产生一些真正可见的好处。A. In a word 总之；B. For instance例如；C. In the meantime在此期间；D. In particular尤其。根据下文“a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.（一张周末徒步旅行的处方可能会对大脑产生一些真正可见的好处）”可知，这里是对全文进行总结概括，In a word“总之”符合题意，故选择A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures.
After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was “the ancient healthcare centre of southern England” because of the existence of “bluestones”---the smaller columns of dolerite（辉绿岩）that formed an earlier stone structure.
By dating pieces of remains to around 7330BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University, and Goff Wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000BC. Professor Wainwright added: “I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. We’re able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument.”
The research reveals the importance of the henge’s famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells.
Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC, three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer”---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument.
36. Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people .
A. to recover from poor health B. to observe star movements
C. to hold religious ceremonies D. to gather huge bluestones
37. What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage?
A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best.
B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected.
C. Some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge.
D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000BC.
38. The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be
A. a devoted religious person from Stonehenge
B. one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge
C. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones
D. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge
39. Which the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest B. Stonehenge: Still Making News
C. Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers D. Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。巨石阵研究又出新结果。巨石阵是一处史前康复中心而非原先所认为的观星台或庙宇。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center”可知，巨石阵可能是史前的健康中心。所以最近巨石阵被认为是人们从健康不佳中恢复的地方。故A正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段第二句话the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire.可知, 这是其中约80块重4吨半的蓝石从普雷舍里山被拖到威尔特郡150多英里的关键原因。所以推断出，一些巨大的青石并不是在巨石阵中产生的。故C正确。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句话“The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument可知，教授们认为他是一个虔诚的宗教人士，希望这个著名的建筑能治愈他的疾病。所以短文中生病的旅行者应该是一个希望治愈巨石阵能治愈他传染病的病人。故选D项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures”可知，科学家昨日表示，巨石阵可能是史前健康中心，而不是观察星星的场所或悼念死者的寺庙。40多年前在世界遗产遗址出土的新证据表明，这座建筑物是一个患病和受伤者成群结队寻求治疗的地方。这对读者来说是一个大的新闻。所以短文的最佳标题是“巨石阵:仍在产生新闻”。故选B项。
(B)
Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour
Overview
Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition is the world’s largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London’s Bankside, the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare’s world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.
Highlights
Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare’s day
All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition
Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare’s world to life
Schedule
April 23 to October 9
9:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at 12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.
October 10 to March 31
10:00am to 5:00pm.
Important note:
Rehearsals(排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead.
Additional info
Inclusions: Entrance fee and all day access to Exhibition
Guided tour of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)
Exclusions(不包含项目): Hotel pickup and drop off
Food and drinks, unless specified
Pricing
Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.
VIEW PRICING AND AVAILABLE
Theatre Tour and Exhibition
Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition
$22.34
Theatre Tour and Afternoon Tea
Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition plus Afternoon Tea at 3:00pm in the Swan Brasserie or Bar.
$62.89

40. The passage can be found ___________.
A. in a newspaper B. in a magazine
C. on the Internet D. in a guidebook
41. In this Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour, we can _________.
A. visit the original Globe Theatre
B. enjoy a British afternoon tea for free
C. experience Shakespeare’s world in an interactive way
D. visit the exhibition in the Globe Theatre
42. What is true about the tour according to the passage?
A. Rehearsals may affect the tour.
B. The pricing remains the same.
C. Performances take place throughout the year.
D. The opening hours are the same in May and in November.
【答案】40. C 41. C 42. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了莎士比亚环球剧院与巡回展览的相关信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。由Pricing 中的“Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.”可知，文章来源于网上。故C选项正确。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。由Overview中的 “..... brings Shakespeare’s world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations..”可知，在这次莎士比亚环球剧院之旅中，我们可以以一种互动的方式体验莎士比亚的世界。故C选项正确
【42题详解】
细节理解题。由Important note中的“Rehearsals(排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run.”可知，排练可能影响旅行。故A选项正确。
(C)
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference?
Well when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study?
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant?
A Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven?
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都有一种假笑的倾向，尤其是当我们生活中的权威人物试图说一个无法成功的笑话时。事实证明，即使你认为你的强迫笑听起来很真实，人们通常很擅长区分真笑和假笑。一项针对真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异的研究发现，区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是声音之间的呼吸次数。文章中两位研究人员对此进行了一些说明。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.”可知加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异，他们发现一些与真笑相关的声音“真的很难假装”。由此可知，加州大学的研究人员想在这项研究中发现了假笑和真笑的区别。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration —or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it.可知区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是持续时间，或者更具体地说，是声音之间的呼吸次数。假笑比真笑需要更多的努力和注意力，所以人们在假装笑的时候，往往会在“哈哈大笑”的间隙停顿更多。由此可知，你的假笑比你想象的更引人注目，这主要是因为当你试图假笑时，你会做更多的呼吸。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech,and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”可知“其结果是，笑声中有一些微妙的特征听起来像在说话，而且……人们在不知不觉中对它们相当敏感。”由此可推知，根据Greg Bryant 的说法，B选项“人们可能会在不知道原因的情况下注意到假笑声”正确。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.可知她说：“在我们的研究中，当参与者听到别人发出的笑声时，他们会激活大脑中与精神化相关的区域，试图理解对方的情绪和精神状态。”由此可知，Carolyn McGettigan 2014年的研究证明了当别人笑的时候，我们可以感觉到他们的情绪状态。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Luwak Coffee Indonesia
Luwak coffee is one of the most expensive coffees in the world, because it has extraordinary value and its availability is very rare. Indonesian Luwak coffee, or civet(麝香猫) coffee, sells well and is very popular with coffee lovers because it is considered to have a smooth and friendly taste in the stomach.
___47___ Many are disgusted with the basic ingredients that come from animal feces(粪便). Because of this, these drinks also get bad nicknames in various countries. Even so, the Indonesian Luwak coffee industry seems uninterrupted and still sells well at high prices.
___48___ These three factors are a long production process, the amount of harvest that is not as large as ordinary coffee beans, and the taste of coffee that is not thick.
Initially, this drink was discovered by local people who are curious about the taste of coffee. They find seeds that are still complete in the feces of a cat - like animal, so they process seeds from the dirt, bake, then make a drink. The enjoyment of this drink is heard by the Dutch government. They then collect and sell Indonesian civet coffee at very high prices.
The process begins when coffee plants enter the harvest period. Fruit that is ready for harvest will begin to turn reddish. ___49___ The fruit eaten will be digested by this animal, strangely the digestion of this animal cannot destroy the layer of coffee. The dirt or feces from the civets will later be collected to be cleaned.
After cleaning, the next process is roasting. The roasting process is only up to the medium roast level. The reason is to maintain a unique sense of character. The roasted seeds are then packaged in whole beans or powder for sale. ___50___
A. In fact, coffee beans in each region have different taste character.
B. Luwak has the habit and ability to choose the best quality coffee fruit, so this animal will eat fruit with good seeds.
C. Not everyone can appreciate this drink.
D. Some breeding areas even open a civet coffee cafe so that visitors can enjoy the most expensive coffee immediately after baking.
E. There are three main factors that make Indonesian Luwak coffee more expensive than coffee in general.
F. What is the actual production process of civet coffee?
【答案】47 C 48. E 49. B 50. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印尼麝香猫咖啡是世界上最昂贵的咖啡之一，因为它有非凡的价值和它的供应非常稀少。文章说明了导致印尼麝香猫咖啡昂贵的三个因素，以及这种咖啡的发现和制作过程。
【47题详解】
根据后文Many are disgusted with the basic ingredients that come from animal feces.可知许多人对来自动物粪便的基本成分感到厌恶。由此可知，并不是每个人都喜欢喝这种麝香猫咖啡。故C选项“不是每个人都喜欢这种饮料”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据后文These three factors are a long production process, the amount of harvest that is not as large as ordinary coffee beans, and the taste of coffee that is not thick.可知这三个因素是一个漫长的生产过程，收获量不像普通咖啡豆那么大，咖啡的味道不浓。由此可知，本段是在说明印尼麝香猫咖啡比一般咖啡贵的三个主要因素。后文中These three factors可对应到E选项中three main factors。故E选项“印尼麝香猫咖啡比一般咖啡贵，主要有三个因素”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据后文The fruit eaten will be digested by this animal, strangely the digestion of this animal cannot destroy the layer of coffee.可知吃下的水果会被这种动物消化，奇怪的是，这种动物的消化不能破坏咖啡层。由此可知，本句是在说明麝香猫有吃下咖啡水果的习惯，故B选项“麝香猫有习惯和能力选择品质最好的咖啡水果，所以这种动物会吃有好种子的水果”符合上下文语境，故选B。
【50题详解】
结合上文After cleaning, the next process is roasting. The roasting process is only up to the medium roast level. The reason is to maintain a unique sense of character. The roasted seeds are then packaged in whole beans or powder for sale.可知清洗后，下一个步骤是焙烧。烘焙过程只达到中等烘焙水平。原因是要保持一种独特的个性。烤过的种子然后包装成整粒豆子或粉末出售。由此可知，本段是在说明人们享用这种咖啡的一些方式，本句承接上文说明一些养殖区域甚至还开设了麝香猫咖啡馆，让游客在烘焙后立即享用最昂贵的咖啡。故D选项“一些养殖区域甚至还开设了麝香猫咖啡馆，让游客在烘焙后立即享用最昂贵的咖啡”符合上下文语境，故选D。
V. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
e-learning: Hazy past—better future?
How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used.
However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.
【答案】Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了尽管专家说现代技术对课堂学习有显著的影响，作者却持有不同的观点。学校投入了大量资金将计算机应用到课堂教学中，但这并没有改变课堂教学，因为老师教什么更重要。但是计算机使那些不能上学的人能够自学。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
V. Translation
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in the brackets.
52. 书里夹着张纸条，上面写着“功在不舍”。(consist)（汉译英）
【答案】A note consisted in the book, saying “Success relies on never giving up”.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和句式结构。由句意可知，可以以纸条为主语，分别表述“纸条夹在书里”和“纸条上写着……”，其中一个为非谓语部分。所给词consist可搭配介词in表示“存在于”，前句作为主句属于主谓宾结构，时态不明确默认为一般过去时，可译为a note consisted in the book；而表示“（纸上）写着”可用动词say，作为状语部分与主句主语a note之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式，关键在于文言文“功在不舍”的翻译，结合其原文的语境和含义应该表达“成功在于坚持、不放弃”，可译为success relies on never giving up。故翻译为A note consisted in the book, saying “Success relies on never giving up”.
53. 船长突然想到，他忘记提醒船员们集合时间了。(occur) （汉译英）
【答案】It occurred to the captain that he had forgotten to remind the crew of the assembly time.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句中涉及固定句型“It occurred to sb. that…”，意为“某人突然想到……”， “captain”意为“船长”，“It occurred to the captain that”表示“船长突然想到”，从句“忘记”的动作发生在主句动作之前，故应用过去完成时，“remind sb. of sth.”意为“提醒某人某事”，“crew”意为“全体船员”，“assembly time”表示“集合时间”，“he had forgotten to remind the crew of the assembly time”表示“他忘记提醒船员们集合时间了”。故翻译为It occurred to the captain that he had forgotten to remind the crew of the assembly time.
54. 人们往往倾向于在久坐时弯腰佝背，应该要注意坐姿以防背部受伤。(tend) （汉译英）
【答案】People tend to bend down while sitting for a long time, so we should pay attention to our sitting posture in case of being hurt on the back.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和状语从句的省略。本句陈述一种事实，要用一般现在时。表达：倾向于，英语用 tend to；表达：弯腰佝背，英语用bend down；表达：要注意，英语用 pay attention to ；表达：以防，英语用 in case of。while引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语people跟主句的主语People一致，而且含有be动词，可以把从句主语以及从句be动词一起省略，用现在分词sitting表主动进行。故整句翻译为：People tend to bend down while sitting for a long time, so we should pay attention to our sitting posture in case of being hurt on the back.
55. 通过志愿者服务与奉献，年轻人们在成长中能有所作为，也得到了机会去珍视生活中真正重要的东西。(difference) （汉译英）
【答案】Through volunteer’s service and dedication, young people can make a difference in their growth and get the opportunity to cherish what is really important in life.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、动词、名词和短语。表示“通过”应用介词Through；表示“志愿者服务与奉献”短语为volunteer’s service and dedication，作介词Through的宾语；表示“在成长中能有所作为”短语为can make a difference in their growth，make a difference (有所作为)，固定搭配。表示“也得到了机会去珍视生活中真正重要的东西” 短语为get the opportunity to cherish what is really important in life，what引导宾语从句（讲的事实，用一般现在时，主系表结构），在从句作主语，从句谓语单数。故翻译为Through volunteer’s service and dedication, young people can make a difference in their growth and get the opportunity to cherish what is really important in life。
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
校园报本期开设了志愿者故事专栏，正在向同学们征稿，请分享你的志愿者经历或故事，并谈谈收获与感悟。
【答案】Everyone has an unforgettable experience. My most memorable was the first time to volunteer at the Happiness Nursing Home last summer holiday.
As a member of volunteers, I got up early because I was too excited to sleep. In the morning, we volunteers brought some flowers and fresh fruit. As we arrived at the Happiness Nursing Home, we sent them our best wishes too. How happy they were! Then we cleaned the windows and swept the floor for them. After that, some of us performed activities for them, such as singing songs and dancing. Some of us read newspaper for them. Some of us chatted with them. When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our kindness.
From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the old and respect them. In our daily life, we should offer our seats to them on buses. And we should treat our own grandparents more kindly.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生分享自己的志愿者经历或故事，并谈谈收获与感悟。
【详解】1.词汇积累
假期：holiday →vacation
到达：arrive at → get to/reach
例如：such as →for example
照顾：care for→ look after
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I got up early because I was too excited to sleep.
拓展句：I got up early because I was so excited that I couldn’t sleep.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our kindness.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the old and respect them.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）