2022届江苏省海安市高三上学期期中学业质量监测英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022届江苏省海安市高三上学期期中学业质量监测英语试卷含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了本试卷满分150分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届江苏省海安市高三上学期期中学业质量监测英语试卷
注意事项:
1.本试卷满分150分。 考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，务必将自己的学校、姓名、考试号等相关信息写在答题卡上规定的地方。
3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试试卷上无效，
第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题， 从题中所给的A、 B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读遍。
1. What did the man do yesterday?
A. He played music.
B. He watched a competition.
C. He practiced running in the track.
2. What did the woman order for lunch?
A. Fries. B. A sandwich. C. Mushroom soup.
3. What kind of movie does the man want to watch?
A. An action movie. B. A comedy. C. A horror film.
4. Why is the man in a hurry?
A. He is rushing home.
B. He is late for a meeting.
C. He is doing the running exercise.
5. What does the woman mean?
A. She thinks the man told a lie.
B. She believes it was dangerous for the man.
C. She feels sorry about the man’s experience.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听年段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many daily things did the woman do yesterday?
A. Three B. Four C. Five
7. Where does the man need to go today?
A. To the bank. B. To the supermarket. C. To the post office.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. According to the man, what do you know about his wife?
A. She is fond of shopping.
B. She is only likes certain things.
C. She works in a department store.
9. What color did the man want?
A. Black. B. Brown C. Blue.
10. What did the man buy?
A. A scarf. B. A pair of gloves. C. A sweater.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Which state does the woman think had the best weather?
A South Carolina. B. Geogia. C. North Carolina.
12. How many types of fish did the woman catch?
A. One. B. Two C. Three.
13. When might the woman go back to fish next time?
A. On July. B. In October. C. In December.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Teacher and student. C. Parent and child.
15. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Save all the work for the final week.
B. Use the trip time to study for the exams.
C. Form good habits and get started early.
16. What are the speakers mainly talk about?
A. A research paper.
B. The classroom management.
C. The plan for the end of term.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What did the customer think of the first fries?
A. They were unsatisfying.
B. They were delicious.
C. They were salty.
18. Why did George Crum serve the customer extremely thin fries?
A. He wanted the customer to be happy.
B. He was bothered by the customer’s requests.
C. He wanted to try making a new style of fries.
19. How did the customer react to the last plate of fries?
A. He found them nice.
B. He refused to eat them.
C. He complained to the chef.
20. What did George Crum do with his new invention?
A. He sold the chips in stores.
B. He sold the recipe to his customer.
C He sold the snack idea to other restaurants.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
4 Study and Homework Apps for Android!
Brainly
Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year
Brainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually).Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. They charge on a quarter basis ($15)or a yearly basis($24).
Forest
Price: Free/Up to $1.99
Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone.Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows The tree dies if you leave the app.Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you study or do homework.
Google Play Books
Price: Free app, book costs vary
Google Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once. Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.
Quizlet
Price: Free/$19.99 per year
Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any subject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.
1. What is special about Forest?
A. It helps keep you focused. B. It answers your questions.
C. It provides textbooks for your study. D. It motivates you to plant more trees.
2. Which app can you choose to learn languages?
A. Brainy. B. Forest.
C. Google Play Book. D. Quizlet.
3. What do these apps have in common?
A. They have no advertisements. B. They charge for some services.
C. They have enough learning resources. D. They are designed to do homework quickly.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that.”可知，学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况，由此可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力，故A项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning.”可知，Quizlet是最流行的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一，你可以选择该程序学习语言，故D项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year”，第二段中的“Price: Free/Up to $1.99”，第三段中的“Price: Free app, book costs vary”及第四段中的“Price: Free/$19.99 per year”等信息可知，这四个应用程序都会针对一些服务收费，故B项正确。
B
After braving wind, snow, and dizzying heights in the mountains, a dog named Mera may have broken a world record without even knowing it. She began following a group of climbers who were getting ready to climb up to the top of Mount Baruntse in Nepal—it stands just south of Mount Qomolangma at 23,389 feet tall. Mera was easily frightened when the climbers first met her down in the village of Khare, so they were shocked when she suddenly bounded up next to them while they were coming down another mountain at 17,000 feet.
Mera had passed dozens of other climbers that she could have pleased, and focused her eyes on the leader of this month—long expedition, Seattle—based Don Wargowsky. In no time they were like peas and carrots. Don happily shared his sleeping bag,tent,and meals with his new companion while the crew was hiking to the Mount Baruntse Base Camp over the next two weeks.
When it finally came time to depart from the base camp and begin their climb up the mountain, Don knew the walk was not easy for a dog, so he tied her up near the camp.“She kept barking as we walked away,” said Don. “Half an hour into our climb I felt a tickle（发痒）on the back of my knee. I looked down and saw Mera following right behind me just like before.”
After reaching the last mountain camp before the summit, the climbing crew left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent with the hope that she would not try to follow them up the steep climb. Don was then surprised when he later turned around at 22,000 feet in order to take a photo only to see Mera climbing towards them slowly. Finally, after a long climb, they reached the summit and took photos celebrating the first dog to top Mount Baruntse.
4. What was true about Mera when the climbers first met her?
A. She had just broken a world record. B. Clearly it was easy for her to be scared.
C. The heights of the mountains dizzied her. D. She bounded up next to them now and then.
5. The sentence “they were like peas and carrots” in Paragraph 2 suggests that
A. they preferred peas and carrots B. they knew how to survive the cold
C. they got along very well together D. they were faithful climbing lovers
6. The climbers left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent because
A. it was difficult to wake her up B. she kept troubling them on the way
C. she was too weak to go on climbing D. the climb was more dangerous for her
7. Which words can best describe Mera?
A. Poor but lovely. B. Strong and helpful.
C. Smart but noisy. D. Brave and determined.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一个勇敢的叫Mera的狗，不畏艰辛与登山队员一起登上了尼泊尔的巴伦茨山（Mount Baruntse）山顶，打破了世界纪录。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Mera was easily frightened when the climbers first met her down in the village of Khare ( 当登山者第一次在哈雷村遇到梅拉时，她很容易受到惊吓)”可知，Mera在登山之前，给人的印象是，她很容易受到惊吓。因此，当登山者第一次遇见梅拉时，B项“Clearly it was easy for her to be scared.(很显然，她很容易受到惊吓)”符合题意。故选B项。
【5题详解】
句意猜测题。根据“In no time they were like peas and carrots. Don happily shared his sleeping bag,tent,and meals with his new companion while the crew was hiking to the Mount Baruntse Base Camp over the next two weeks.( 很快，他们就像豌豆和胡萝卜。在接下来的两个星期里，当队员们徒步前往巴伦斯山营地时，唐高兴地和他的新同伴分享他的睡袋、帐篷和食物。)”可知，探险队的领队Don非常喜欢Mera，他与Mera同吃同住了两个星期，可见他们之间相处非常愉快。因此，第二段中这个句子“they were like peas and carrots”的意思是他们相处地非常好，形影不离，就像豌豆与胡萝卜一样，C项“they got along very well together(他们相处的非常好)”符合题意，故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“After reaching the last mountain camp before the summit, the climbing crew left Mera sleeping in Don’s tent with the hope that she would not try to follow them up the steep climb.( 到达山顶前的最后一个登山营后，登山队员把Mera留在Don的帐篷里，希望她不要试图跟着他们爬陡峭的山峰。)”可知，最后登山队员要爬的这个山峰很陡峭，他们认为，爬这个山峰对于Mera来说很危险，因此，他们把Mera留在Don的帐篷里睡觉。D项“the climb was more dangerous for her(这次攀登对Mera来说更加危险)”符合题意。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“when she suddenly bounded up next to them while they were coming down another mountain at 17,000 feet.( 当他们从17000英尺高的另一座山下来时，她突然跳到他们旁边，他们都很震惊。)”以及第三段“Half an hour into our climb I felt a tickle（发痒）on the back of my knee. I looked down and saw Mera following right behind me just like before.( 爬了半个小时后，我感到膝盖后面一阵痒。我低头一看，发现梅拉跟在我身后，跟以前一样。)”以及最后一段“Don was then surprised when he later turned around at 22,000 feet in order to take a photo only to see Mera climbing towards them slowly.( 当唐后来在22000英尺高的地方转身拍照时，唐惊讶地发现梅拉慢慢地向他们爬去。)”可知，在爬山的整个历程中，Mera始终紧紧跟随着登山队员，不管山峰多么陡峭，即使她被留在营地，她也会在后来跟上去，直到最后她跟队员们一起登上了山顶。因此，Mera是一个勇敢而又坚定的狗狗。最好的描述Mera的词语就是D项“Brave and determined.(勇敢而又坚定)”符合题意，故选D项。
C
Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us. Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. As someone who understood the distinction observed, “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours.”
Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age. They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.
Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly. Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we’ve never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as if lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine.
When days become as identical as beads (小珠子)on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day-to stop time, so to speak.
Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn’t have to be.
8. What is the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 is used to show?
A. Physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time.
B. Physical time is different from psychological time.
C. Time should not be measured by a pendulum.
D. Psychological time is quite puzzling.
9. Which of the following will make you feel time flies faster?
A. A day spent exploring something unknown.
B. Staying with a person who you dislike.
C. A day packed with appointments to handle.
D. Driving to a new place for the first time.
10. What does “novelty” in Paragraph 3 probably means?
A. Amusement.
B. Excitement.
C. Imagination.
D. Unfamiliarity.
11. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why time flies and how to slow it down psychologically.
B. To describe how we experience time psychologically.
C. To show the different ideas of physicists and psychologists on time.
D. To give various explanations about time.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是同样的事情，同样的时间，但是心理层面的时间和物理概念的时间是有差别的。文章解释了时间为什么过得很快以及怎么样让它变慢。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. (物理学家创造了令人着迷的理论，但他们的时间是用钟摆来衡量的，而不是心理时间，心理时间与时钟或日历无关)”可知，划线句子When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours.(当你和一个好女孩坐在一起两小时，看起来像一分钟，但当你坐在一个热烘烘的炉子上，一分钟看起来像两个小时)是为了说明物理概念的时间和心理的时间是有区别的。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach. (他们还指出，日程安排和约会安排得越多，时间过得就越快。例如，在办公室的一天比在海滩的一天要快得多)”可知，时间安排得越紧，时间过得越快。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as if lasting a long time. (周围都是不熟悉的风景，我们不知道什么时候会到达，我们的旅行仿佛持续了很长时间)”可知，因为对周边的环境不熟悉才觉得时间过得慢。这种情况成为了生活的一种常规。由此可猜测划线部分是“不熟悉”。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. (学习新东西是减缓时间流逝的方法之一。我们的青年时代之所以显得充实而漫长，其中一个原因就是这是学习和发现的时期)”可知，本文的目的是解释时间为什么过得很快，以及怎么样让它变得慢。故选A。
D
For many businesses, the Internet has created benefits that go beyond their wildest dreams. It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world. Such freedom of access to information has a dark side, though, and many businesses are learning about the hard way.
These days, if you want to find a particular shop, just type in the name of the place you’re looking for on Google Maps to get directions instantly. You can also get information about hours of operation, the business’s telephone number, and more.
Unfortunately, some dishonest folks are using dirty tricks to manipulate（暗中控制）the system and deceive users. The problem exists because Google Maps is partly a crowdsourced undertaking, meaning anyone can enter information about a business whether it is true or false. All dishonest competitors have to do is enter a fake address, incorrect business hours, or any other lie about their competitors.
Google Maps is also littered with thousands of businesses that don’t even exist. Clicking on their links directs users to ill-intentioned sites. One particular group of businesses that have been taken over by liars almost completely are locksmiths. A large percentage of them are illegal businesses that aren’t licensed. These dishonest artists know how vulnerable you are, and they only take cash.
Using Google Maps isn’t the only way that businesses are waging war against one another on the Internet. Some shady businesses post fake negative reviews of their competitors on websites such as Yelp. It is so common that it can be difficult to tell the genuine reviews from the fake ones.
Crowdsourcing allows us to find out the good and the bad about businesses. Unfortunately, the fake reviews and the cheat make finding reliable businesses online far less convenient. For business owner, being the victims of effective cyber-attacks can actually be nails in their coffins.
12. The benefit of using the Internet for business listed in the passage is ________.
A. making it cheaper to promote one’s company
B. making it easier for customers to contact one’s company
C. making it convenient for one to communicate with clients
D making it simpler for one to find top-quality employees
13. According to the article, we know about Google Maps that ________.
A. it provides a filter system to tell registered businesses from fake ones.
B. it is hard for users to manipulate information without permission
C. it will easily make users become virus-infected
D. it is difficult to find a legal locksmith on there
14. What does “nails in their coffins” mean in the final paragraph?
A. The businesses will start to take off.
B. The businesses will go out of business.
C. The businesses will need to advertise less often.
D. The businesses will need to invest more money.
15. What is the main idea of this article?
A. The Internet has caused a lot of trouble for some businesses.
B. The Internet has resulted in the death of traditional businesses.
C. The Internet creates both benefits and problems for businesses.
D. The Internet has brought more positive than negative results for business.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了网络为商业带来的效益,也提出了其带来的问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world.网络降低了广告成本,提高了公司在世界各地的知名度”,可知这正是利用互联网进行商业活动的好处。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。跟据第四段“One particular group of businesses that have been taken over by liars almost completely are locksmiths. A large percentage of them are illegal businesses that aren’t licensed.”（ 被骗子几乎完全接管的一组企业是锁匠。其中很大一部分是未经许可的非法企业）由此可推知,很难在谷歌地图找到一个合法的锁匠。故选D项。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, the fake reviews and the cheat make finding reliable businesses online far less convenient.”（ 不幸的是，虚假评论和欺骗使得在网上寻找可靠的企业变得更加不方便。），由此可推知,对企业主来说,成为有效网络攻击的受害者实际上可能是板上钉钉。所以对于有些商家而言,这可能是致命一击。由此可知,nails in their coffins的意思是企业将倒闭。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章,并结合第一段前两句“For many businesses, the Internet has created benefits that go beyond their wildest dreams. It has reduced the costs of advertising and increased visibility for companies all over the world.”(对许多企业来说,互联网带来了超出他们最疯狂梦想的好处。它降低了广告成本，提高了全世界公司的知名度)可看出这是在说互联网给企业带来的好处。第三句话说的是不过,这种获取信息的自由也有其阴暗面,许多企业都在艰难地学习。)可知,文中陈述了网络为商业带来的效益,也提出了其带来的问题。故选C项。
【点睛】

第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is culture?
Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.____16____ One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components. Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour. The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people.
To understand the culture of a particular country or region, one could examine its components, among which are material culture, language, and social organisation. Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people. ____17____The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture.
____18____ Linked with all other aspects of culture, it reflects the nature and values of that culture. Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities, while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies. The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term.
Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society. The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties. ____19____. It provides mutual protection, psychological support, and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members. The term "brothers" in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles.
Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes. Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness. ____20____
A. Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.
B. Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.
C. However, there are certain agreed- on fundamentals that can be easily identified.
D. The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.
E. For example, a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture, but the Mickey Mouse is.
F. In many developing countries, the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.
G. It leads on to the promotion of goodwill, social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文化有何好处。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可知，物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠就被赋予了意义，成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language）的范畴，可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”，可知，此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭（family）。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，大家庭在社会经济中的作用。结合空格前后的语境可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第5小题根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第3小题所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language），可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如第1小题，根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Matthew Shifrin turned 13, he got a life-changing birthday present from his friend, Lilya Finkel.
It was an 843-piece Middle Eastern ____21____ palace. And with it were instructions that Finkel made____22____ for it. Finkel invented a unique name for every piece in the palace set. Then she spent countless hours typing building____23____ in Braille (盲文) that spelled out how to____24____ them all together.
His mind was____25____.As a blind person, he had never before been able to complete a Lego set on his own. Shifrin knew immediately that he had to help other blind children find the same____26____.
Shifrin says, “For blind people, Lego sets act as small 3D____27____ for real-life buildings instead of two-dimensional photographs. Lego bricks allow me to see things that are____28____ to explore by touch.”
For years after that incredible Lego experience, he created similar instructions for about 45 other Lego sets, together with Finkel, all published on a website they created, “Lego for the____29____.”
Shifrin began______30______ to Lego several years ago to discuss his work, ______31______ it was in 2017, when Finkel died of cancer, that he finally connected with the right person.
His years-long devotion______32______ when the Lego company released its first audio and Braille building instructions. The project is a high-tech version of what Shifrin and Finkel did for their______33______.
It couldn’t have been completed without Shifrin’s______34______—or without his determination.
He just wished Finkel had been here to see it. “I think she’d be very glad that we came this______35______.” Shifrin said.
21. A. wood B. Lego C. paper D. puzzle
22. A. directly B. cautiously C. especially D. regularly
23. A. regulations B. instructions C. requirements D. competence
24. A. fit B. fix C. mix D. gather
25. A. blown B. challenged C. troubled D. eased
26. A. truth B. independence C. balance D. connection
27. A. substitutes B. designs C. patterns D. arrangements
28. A. natural B. easy C. impossible D. normal
29. A. Young B. Inventive C. Curious D. Blind
30. A. reaching out B. hiring himself out C. catching on D. looking up
31. A. so B. and C. but D. though
32. A. made up B. took off C. got through D. paid off
33. A. website B. company C. school D. friends
34. A. encouragement B. involvement C. preparation D. recommendation
35. A. deep B. long C. far D. fast
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Finkel用盲文介绍乐高的玩具说明，并为了帮助盲人孩子通过触摸的方式独立完成，创造了很多乐高的说明，并创立了网站的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个有843件积木的中东乐高宫殿。A. wood木头； B. Lego 乐高积木；C. paper纸；D. puzzle拼图玩具。根据后文“As a blind person, he had never before been able to complete a Lego set on his own.”可知，是乐高宫殿。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：还有芬克尔特别为它做的说明。A. directly直接地；B. cautiously 慎重地；C. especially尤其，特别地；D. regularly定期地。根据后文“Finkel invented a unique name for every piece in the palace set.”可知，此处是芬克尔专门为这个积木制作的说明。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她花了无数个小时用盲文输入拼装说明，用来解释如何将它们拼装在一起。A. regulations规则；B. instructions说明；C. requirements要求；D. competence技能。结合上文“And with it were instructions that Finkel made”可知，Finkel花费了无数个小时输入拼装说明。故选B。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她花了无数个小时用盲文输入拼装说明，用来解释如何将它们拼装在一起。A. fit适合；B. fix安装；C. mix混合；D. gather聚集。根据常识可知，有了盲文的拼装说明盲人才知道如何将这些积木安装在一起。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他变得兴奋起来。A. blown吹；B. challenged挑战；C. troubled麻烦；D. eased放松。结合后文Shifrin意识到他的这一举动可以帮助其他盲人儿童获得独立性可知Shifrin因此变得兴奋起来。blow one’s mind使……兴奋，此处为被动语态。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shifrin立刻意识到他必须帮助其他失明的孩子找到同样的独立性。A. truth真相；B. independence独立；C. balance平衡；D. connection连接。结合上文“As a blind person, Shifrin had never before been able to complete a Lego set on his own.”可知，Shifrin意识到自己的行为能够帮助盲人儿童独立，即可以在没有人的帮助下独立拼好积木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shifrin说：“对于盲人来说，乐高积木是现实生活中建筑物的小型3D替代品；而不是二维的照片。A. substitutes替代品；B. designs设计；C. patterns模式；D. arrangements安排。根据后文“Lego bricks allow me to see things that are ____8____ to explore by touch.”可知，乐高积木是现实生活中建筑物替代品。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乐高积木让我看到了触摸无法探索的东西。A. natural自然的；B. easy简单的；C. impossible不可能的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“For blind people, Lego sets act as small 3D ____7____ for real-life buildings instead of two-dimensional photographs.”可知，这些积木是现实生活中建筑物的替代品，因此是不可能触摸就能探索的东西。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那次令人难以置信的乐高经历之后的很多年里，他和芬克尔一起为大约45套其他的乐高玩具制作了类似的说明，这些说明都发布在他们创建的网站上，名为“盲人乐高”。A. Young年轻的；B. Inventive独出心裁的；C. Curious好奇的；D. Blind盲的。根据前文“Shifrin knew immediately that he had to help other blind children find the same ____6____ .”可知，他们的乐高是为盲人儿童设计的，因此他们的网站也是为盲人儿童设计的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：几年前，Shifrin开始接触乐高，讨论他的工作，但直到2017年，芬克尔死于癌症，他终于找到了正确的人。A. reaching out接触；B. hiring himself out应聘；C. catching on流行，理解；D. looking up查找。结合后文“…to Lego several years ago以及…that he finally connected with the right person.”可知，几年前，Shifrin就开始接触乐高积木了。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：几年前，Shifrin开始接触乐高，讨论他的工作，但直到2017年，芬克尔死于癌症，他终于找到了正确的人。A. so因此；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. though虽然。分析上下文可知，此处为转折关系。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他多年的努力得到了回报，乐高公司发布了第一个音频和盲文建筑说明。A. made up编造；B. took off 起飞；C. got through通过；D. paid off取得成功。根据“the Lego company released its first audio and Braille building instructions.”可知，乐高公司成功了。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个项目是Shifrin和Finkel为他们的网站做的一个高科技版本。A. website网站；B. company公司；C. school学校；D. friends朋友。结合上文“all published on a website they created, “Lego for the Blind.”可知，这个项目是Shifrin和Finkel为他们的网站所做的一个高科技版本。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Shifrin的参与，或者没有他的决心，这是不可能完成的。A. encouragement鼓励；B. involvement参与；C. preparation准备；D. recommendation推荐。结合上文Shifrin为盲人乐高做了很多努力，可知此处是参与了盲人乐高的制作。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想她会很高兴我们走了这么远。 A. deep深深地；B. long 长期地；C. far 远地；D. fast迅速地。根据上文Shifrin和Finkel所做的盲人乐高积木最终得到了乐高公司的认可，他们为之付出了多年的努力得到了回报可知，去世的Finkel也会为他们走到今天这么远而高兴。故选C。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下列材料，在空白出填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
While it’s ____36____ (absolute) natural and normal for humans to want routine, there’s much to be discovered out of our comfort zones. When we begin to see things differently around us, we can open ____37____ (us) up to new ____38____ (possible) and new opportunities and clear out fear. It’s usually, the fear, or the energy of the fear, that is greater than ____39____ we actually have to do and change.
It’s never too late to change your life. It is especially true to Scott Sharon, ____40____ 54-year-old man like Saint Charles. Saint Charles, who ____41____ (weigh) 360 pounds in his forties, lost more than 180 pounds after struggling with obesity for several years. Scott didn’t want to spend his whole life being sad, depressed and obese. He couldn’t stand it anymore and he knew ____42____ he didn’t change, he was going to die. He wanted to be happy, healthy and full of love and life. From that aspect, he started on his journey to change how his mind thought and worked. He walked away from his real estate career to commit his life to ____43____ (help) others change their lives and overcome their challenges. He became a public speaker. That was 15 years ago and he is now ____44____ the best physical, mental and _____45_____ (spirit) condition. He weighs 175 pounds and his life and career is helping people create and live out their dreams.
【答案】36. absolutely
37. ourselves
38. possibilities
39. what 40. a
41. weighed
42. if 43. helping
44. in 45. spiritual
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Saint Charles减肥的故事，告诉我们应该走出舒适区，迎接新的挑战和机遇。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然对人类来说，想要循规蹈矩是完全自然和正常的，但在我们的舒适区之外，还有很多东西有待发掘。空格后natural意为“自然的”，形容词词性，前面应用副词修饰，absolute意为“完全的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为absolutely，意为“完全地”，在句中作状语，句中指“完全自然和正常的”。故填absolutely。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：当我们开始以不同的眼光看待周围的事物时，我们可以敞开心扉迎接新的可能性和机遇，并消除恐惧。句中涉及固定短语“open oneself up to…”，意为“向……敞开心扉”，us意为“我们”，为人称代词宾格，对应的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我们开始以不同的眼光看待周围的事物时，我们可以敞开心扉迎接新的可能性和机遇，并消除恐惧。空格前new意为“新的”，形容词词性，后应接名词，在句中作宾语，possible意为“可能的”，对应的名词为possibility，意为“可能性”，为可数名词，根据and后的“new opportunities”可知，这里指不止一个新的可能性，故应用possibility的复数形式possibilities。故填possibilities。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：通常，恐惧，或者说恐惧的能量，比我们实际需要做的和改变的要大。分析句子可知，空格所在句为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在句中作than的宾语。从句中缺少宾语且表示物，没有选择范围，故应用what引导从句。故填what。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对Scott Sharon来说尤其如此，一个像Saint Charles一样的54岁的男人。分析句子可知，句中泛指“一个”54岁的男人，故空格处应用不定代词，“54（fifty-four）-year-old”单词首字母的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：Saint Charles 40多岁时体重360磅，在与肥胖斗争了几年后，体重减少了180多磅。分析句子，句子为who引导的定语从句，先行词为Saint Charles，在从句中作主语，句子讲述的是Saint Charles 40多岁时的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，weigh意为“重量为……”，动词词性，过去式为weighed。故填weighed。
【42题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：他再也受不了了，他知道如果他不改变，他就要死了。分析句子可知，“he didn’t change”为“he was going to die”的条件，故空格处应用从属连词if引导从句，表示条件。故填if。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他放弃了房地产事业，致力于帮助他人改变生活，克服他们的挑战。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“commit one’s life to doing sth.”，意为“致力于做某事”，to后接动词ing形式，help意为“帮助”，动词词性，动词ing形式为helping。故填helping。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：那是15年前的事了，现在他身体、思想和精神状况都很好。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“in…condition”，意为“处于……的状态或情况”，符合句意，故空格处应填介词in。故填in。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那是15年前的事了，现在他身体、思想和精神状况都很好。分析句子可知，condition意为“状态”，名词词性，前应用形容词修饰，spirit意为“精神”，名词词性，对应的形容词为spiritual，意为“精神的”，句中指“精神状态”，符合句意。故填spiritual。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假如你叫李华，你的英语老师 Peter在你因病住院期间经常在线辅导你学习英语，鼓励你积极面对生活，战胜困难，请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.回顾帮助；
3.邀请来中国游玩。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing to express my gratitude to you for your help and encouragement during my stay in hospital.
Undoubtedly, without your help with my English online every day, I couldn’t have made my English study go smoothly as usual. And it’s your frequent encouragement and positive attitudes towards life that guide me out of low spirits to deal with my illness, study and life in such a sound way.
Thank you for your kindness again and I do hope you will come to China to have a nice trip where you can witness in person the perfect combination of culture and nature.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，根据要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第一步：假如你叫李华，你的英语老师 Peter在你因病住院期间经常在线辅导你学习英语，鼓励你积极面对生活，战胜困难，请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；2.回顾帮助；3.邀请来中国游玩。
第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：write to（写信给…）；in hospital（生病住院）；as usual （像平常一样…）；deal with（处理）；in person（亲自）。
第三步：根据提及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】第一段，开门见山，表达感谢，清晰明确，简单明了。
第二段，说明老师怎么帮助自己，结构清晰，语意连贯。
第三段，邀请老师来中国游玩，符合应用文结尾格式，结构严谨。
文章内容完整，提纲要点全面，格式规范，语篇连贯，使用复合句，显示考生有很高的英语驾驭能力，如And it’s your frequent encouragement and positive attitudes towards life that guide me out of low spirits to deal with my illness, study and life in such a sound way.（正是你频繁的鼓励和积极的态度，引导我走出低落的精神，以如此合理的方式处理我的疾病，学习和生活。）（强调句型的运用）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语编写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a single mother in my 30s who lived down and out with my daughter Peggy in a small apartment, struggling hard to make our needs meet.
One day, I headed to the downtown for an interview. I sat down in the streetcar, and there against the seat was a beautiful silk umbrella with a silver handle decorated with gold scrolls, among which there was a name carved.
On impulse(冲动) I determined to find the owner myself. I got off the streetcar in the heavy rain and thankfully opened the umbrella to protect myself. Then I searched a telephone book for the name, I found it immediately and called it, waiting patiently, and then a lady answered.
"Yes, “she said in surprise, with extreme excitement." It was my umbrella which had been stolen a year ago.”
So appealing was her pleasure that I forgot I was looking for a job and went directly to her small house. She took the umbrella, with teary eyes, explaining with choking voice that the umbrella was given by her parents, now dead, Her happiness at retrieving(找回)this special possession was such that to have accepted her reward would have spoiled something, so I refused her offer and left.
The following months were hard. I can only obtain temporary employment, for a small salary. What was worse, I had just lost my last job before Christmas, with only fifteen dollars left. Unless a miracle happened, I would be homeless in January, foodless and jobless. I had prayed steadily for weeks, and there had been no answer but this coldness and darkness.
The air was full of Christmas merriment, with the bells ringing and children shouting in the bitter dusk of the evening. But there should be no Christmas for me, I knew, no gifts, no remembrance whatsoever.
Thinking of this, I couldn’t control my tears on my way home, but I managed a smile so could greet my little daughter. She opened the door for me and threw herself in my arms, screaming joyously and demanding desirably for her Christmas gift. There I stood, frozen, overwhelmed by misery.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Suddenly, a note attached to one package caught my eyes.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus. Then I heard man talking heartily to her and went to the door, He was a delivery man, and his arms were full of parcels. “This is a mistake, " I said, but he read the name on the parcels and they were for me. When he had gone, I didn't know what to do. Later, Peggy and I sat on the floor looking at each other. What a surprise! I looked for the name of the sender.
Suddenly, a note attached to one package caught my eyes. I picked up the note, which read "Thanks for returning of the umbrella. Merry Christmas! ""It was sent by the lady. Holding the note tightly, I was on the verge of tears, with a stream of warmth spreading through my body. On that cold Christmas, I forgot I had no money for the rent and only fifteen dollars in my pocket. We just sat in our small apartment unwrapping the gifts one by one in happiness. A sweet peace flooded me like a blessing which made me hopeful again.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个30多岁的单身母亲，在去面试路上的电车里捡到一把伞，并根据伞上信息，找到伞的而主人，将伞物归原主并且拒绝了酬谢。接下来，这位母亲在穷困潦倒的生活中迎来了圣诞节，却苦于没有钱付房租以及买食物、送礼物给女儿的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，门铃响了，佩吉急忙去开门，说一定是圣诞老人。”可知，第一段可先描写门打开后，这位母亲看到的确有送包裹之人后的疑惑以及她和女儿确定包裹是给她们时的惊喜。
②由第二段首句内容“突然，贴在一个包裹上的一张纸条吸引了我的目光”可知，第二段可描写这位母亲发现这个包裹的寄送人是其之前所归还伞的主人，以及这个人的此番举动为这对母女在寒冷的圣诞节带来的温暖和希望。
2.续写线索：收到包裹——感到困惑和惊喜——发现纸条——感到温暖和希望
3.词汇激活
动作类
①收到礼物：heard man talking heartily to her/went to the door
②读便条：pick up the note/read
情绪类
①.热情：heartily/ kindly
②.幸福：satisfaction/ contentment/ happiness/ fulfilment/ happiness
【点睛】

[高分句型]. Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa
Claus.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作非谓语动词calling的宾语）
[高分句型2]. A sweet peace flooded me like a blessing which made me hopeful again.
（由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Later, Peggy and I sat on the floor looking at each other.
（非谓语之现在分词的熟练运用）