2022届江苏省泰兴市高三上学期期中调研考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届江苏省泰兴市高三上学期期中调研考试英语试题含解析，共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1. Which f the fllwing statement agrees with the pster?
A. HEIFER INTERNATIONAL invests in girls’ educatin.
B. All the girls in the develped wrld are given access t schling.
C. Investing in girls’ educatin can get rid f pverty.
D. Well-educated girls tend t land well-paying decent jbs.
2. What kind f rganizatin des HEIFER INTERNSTIONAL prbably belng t?
A. A private girls’ schl.B. A technical training center.
C. A nn-prfit rganizatin.D. An investment cmpany.
3. Where prbably can we see the pster?
A. On a film website.B. In a quality magazine.
C. On a ppular TV prgram.D. In a traditinal textbk.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一则公益机构的海报。图文结合地展示了女孩选择受教育/不受教育的命运，受教育的女孩在后代健康、学业、工作待遇等方面都要优于另一方。唯有教育能打破贫困的循环。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据“and she will be likely t secure a well-paid wage jb(而且她很可能会得到一份薪水丰厚的工作)”可知，受过良好教育的女孩往往能找到高薪体面的工作。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据海报内容“When yu give a mnthly gift t Heifer Internatinal yu will ensure that children — especially girls — receive the much-deserved chance t learn. See hw sending a girl t schl can break the cycle f pverty fr generatins t cme.(当你每月给Heifer Internatinal礼物，你将确保孩子——尤其是女孩——获得了她们应得的学习机会。看看如何让一个女孩上学可以打破贫困的循环，为后代造福)”可知，HEIFER INTERNSTIONAL为贫困女童教育服务，属于非盈利性慈善组织。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。本文是一则公益机构的海报，图文海报通常出现在杂志上。故选B项。
B
Lk at these three pictures. Can yu identify the tw pictures that are f the same persn? If yu can’t yu may have a syndrme called prspagnsia, als knwn as face blindness. A lt f us have truble recgnizing peple, but peple with prspagnsia can’t even recgnize themselves.
Many peple wh suffer frm face blindness have develped strategies fr recgnizing peple. Fr example, they pay attentin t peple’s hairstyles, vices, and clthing in rder t figure ut wh they are. But what happens if a friend get a new haircut r waves hell withut speaking?
Fr Ayla Bahur, her face blindness presented a new hazard when she had a baby. After her daughter was brn, Ayla realized that she culd nt pick her baby ut frm the ther babies in the maternity ward. Recgnizing a newbrn baby might be difficult fr anyne, but Ayla became terrified, thinking f what might happen in the future when she had t pick her daughter up frm daycare r frm schl. S Ayla bught a bracelet fr her daughter that she culd easily differentiate frm a bracelet anther child might wear.
Prspagnsia can be an effect f brain damage frm an accident, a strke, r sme ther event, r it can have genetic causes. Unlike peple wh lse their face recgnitin ability as a result f brain damage thse with generic prspagnsia are ften unaware that they have an impairment. They ften dn’t find ut that there is such a thing as face recgnitin until they learn that thers can pick peple ut f a crwd just by lking at their faces.
4. The majr functin f the first paragraph is_________.
A. t draw a readers’ attentin
B. t encurage readers’ thinking
C. t hld readers’ interest
D. t intrduce the tpic
5. Which f the fllwing culdn’t help thse with prspagnsia recgnize peple?
A. BraceletsB. ShesC. HairstylesD. Clthes
6. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. by giving examples
B. by making a cmparisn
C. by analyzing causes
D. by citing statistics
7. Which f the fllwing statements is NOT true?
A. Prspagnsia can make every day activities challenging.
B. If a man with the face blindness sees a friend with a new haircut, he prbably wn’t recgnize that friend.
C. Ayla Bahar didn’t knw she had Prspagnsia until her daughter was brn.
D. Peple wh develp face blindness because f brain damage at aware that they have lst their face recgnitin ability.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了传说中的“脸盲症”。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Lk at these three pictures. Can yu identify the tw pictures that are f the same persn? If yu can’t, yu may have a syndrme called prspagnsia, als knwn as face blindness. A lt f us have truble recgnizing peple, but peple with prspagnsia can’t even recgnize themselves.（看这三张图片。 你能辨认出这两张是同一个人的照片吗? 如果你做不到这一点，你可能会患上人面失认症，也被称为脸盲。 我们很多人都认不出别人，但面容失认症患者甚至认不出自己）”，该段由三张图片引入，再引出不能辨别脸的人是“prspagnsia”，又介绍“prspagnsia”的表现（难辨出别人，甚至自己）。可知，第一段的主要功能是介绍主题。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“they pay attentin t peple’s hairstyles, vices, and clthing in rder t figure ut wh they are.（他们会注意人们的发型、声音和衣着，以了解他们是谁）”，可知，“鞋”不能帮助那些面孔失认症患者识别人。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr Ayla Bahur, her face blindness presented a new hazard when she had a baby. After her daughter was brn, Ayla realized that she culd nt pick her baby ut frm the ther babies in the maternity ward.（对于Ayla Bahur来说，她的脸盲症在她生孩子的时候是一个新的危险。 女儿出生后，Ayla 意识到她无法从产科病房的其他婴儿中分辨出自己的孩子）”可知，第三段通过具体讲述Ayla Bahar的事例来展开的。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fr Ayla Bahur, her face blindness presented a new hazard when she had a baby. After her daughter was brn, Ayla realized that she culd nt pick her baby ut frm the ther babies in the maternity ward.（对于Ayla Bahur来说，她的脸盲症在她生孩子的时候是一个新的危险。 女儿出生后，Ayla 意识到她无法从产科病房的其他婴儿中分辨出自己的孩子）”，可知，C项Ayla Bahar didn’t knw she had Prspagnsia until her dctr was brn.（Ayla Bahar直到她的女儿出生后才知道自己患有人面失认症）是不正确的。故选C。
C
Fr as lng as I can remember I want t be a perfrmer. But when it came time t g t cllege and decide what I wanted t be fr the rest f my life, it didn’t ccur t me t chse drama as my majr. Making a living as a perfrmer seems impractical t me. S instead f starting drama I started pre-law, and then went t law schl like my tw sisters did befre me. They seemed happy enugh, I thught; they wrked abut 80 hurs a week, but they made gd mney and culd affrd expensive cars and fancy apartments in the city.
After law schl I gt a new jb and wrked as a lawyer fr a big cmpany. I had great benefits, including fur weeks f vacatin a year, but I never gt t use any f my vacatin time because there was always t much wrk t d. I wrked frm 7 a.m. t 9 p.m. six days a week, and when I was finished, all I culd d was cllapse int my bed until I wke up t d it all ver again the next day.
After five years f this lifestyle, I thught I was ging t g crazy. I was unhappy and exhausted, I never saw my friends r my family, and I realized I hadn’t been in a play r musical since I started law schl. I thught that acting in a small cmmunity play might make me feel better, but rehearsals and perfrmances all tk place during my wrk hurs. S I made a drastic decisin and quit my jb.
I gt a small part in a lcal play and then lead rle. Nw make my living frm acting, and nce in a while, I d sme legal cnsulting fr a little extra mney. I dn’t get paid a lt fr my acting jbs, but it’s enugh. I had t give up my big apartment and expensive car, but I’m s much happier nw. I see my friends and family, I have free time, and I get t d smething I lve every day.
8. The writer went t law schl because_________
A. his tw sisters went t law schl
B. he was interested in the practice f law
C. a lawyer’s jb wuld bring him a decent and leisure life
D. acting jbs were nt well-paid enugh t earn a living
9. After five years practicing law hw did the writer find a lawyers’ wrk EXCEPT?
A. exhaustingB. enjyableC. rewardingD. endless
10. The writer t quit his jb as a lawyer because________.
A. he hated wrking and wanted a break.
B. he didn’t have great benefits
C. wrk cnsumed almst all his time and energy
D. rehearsals and perfrmances all tk place during his wrk hurs
11. The purpse f the passage is t________.
A. shw his affectin acting
B. share his practical lifestyle
C. tell his stry f making a living as an act
D. infrm us f him quitting his jb
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为觉得律师工资高而选择这个职业，但是后来他发现这个职业花费了他大量的时间和精力。后来，他辞了职，重新当上了自己喜欢的演员这个职业，重获了快乐和自由。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Make a living as a perfrmer seemed impractical fr me. S instead f studying drama, I studied pre-law(作为一个表演者谋生对我来说似乎不切实际。所以我没有学习戏剧，而是学习法律预科)”可知，作者认为，靠演员维持生计不太可能，所以才选择了法律，因此可知，作者上法律学校是因为当演员挣得钱不足以维持生计。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段的“I had great benefits（我获得了巨大的好处）”证明这个职业是rewarding的；“I wrked frm 7 a.m. t 9 p.m. six days a week（我每周工作六天，从早上7点到晚上9点）”体现出这个职业是endless的；“I was unhappy and exhausted（我不快乐，筋疲力尽）”体现出这个职业是exhausting的。所以文中没有提到的是enjyable。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“I never saw my friends r my family(我从未见过我的朋友或家人)”和“S I made a drastic decisin and quit my jb.( 所以我做了一个极端的决定，并辞掉了我的工作)”可知，工作花费了作者大量的时间，以至于他很少有时间陪伴家人和朋友，因此作者决定辞去作律师的工作是因为工作消耗了他几乎所有的时间和精力。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，作者前后有两种生活方式，二、三段描述了当律师的时候，是第一种生活方式，尽管挣了很多钱，但是没有太多的私人时间，他并不快乐；最后一段描述了当演员的时候，是第二种生活方式，尽管挣不了多少钱，但是他有更多的私人时间，能够陪伴家人和朋友，因此，这篇文章的写作目的是作者分享自己的生活方式，故选B。
D
There are tw grand ambitins nw fr cmputer science truly intelligent machines and use fr quantum cmputers recent develpments suggest nt nly that these gals shuld be achievable but that they culd be clser than we think.
Take the quest t develp artificial general intelligence (AGI) — AIs that g well beynd being gd at ne specific task, but can instead d anything a human can. Sme peple still think this is impssible. And yet analysis f AIs designed t master human language has prmpted ther experts t suggest that AGI might nly be a matter f scaling up current technlgy. Build gigantic AIs and true, human-level intelligence will cme, they say.
This “scaling hypthesis” has cme t the fre largely thanks t GPT-3, an AI released by San Francisc-based OpenAI last year that generates remarkably fluent streams f human language n cmmand. GPT-3 is just a scaled-up versin f GPT-2, a similar predecessr. This new neural netwrk basts an rder f magnitude mre parameters, equivalent t the number f synapses linking neurns in real brains, than its frerunner.
Researchers wh evaluate such language AIs have been surprised by just t knw hw much mre advanced GPT-3 is than GPT-2. It can d things it wasn’t trained t d, fr example, and there are hints that it might be capable f human-like reasning.
Time will tell if the scaling hypthesis is right. In the meantime, it will be interesting t see if the AI players was the deepest pckets, such as DeepMind, fllwing OpenAI’s fcus n scaling.
Hwever when it cmes t genuinely use fr quantum cmputers there is n dubt that scaling is key— we are ging t need machines with thusands f qubits, the quantum versin f a classical bit. This is why the news that researchers have demnstrated a viable way t make sure thse qubits dn’t cnstantly fall prey t errrs is a big deal. We might finally have a way t scale up the number f peratinal qubits t what we need.
There are still n guarantees. Even s, it seems that cmputer science is striding int the 2020s in rude health.
12 Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t “scaling up” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. increasingB. revising
C. upgradingD. expanding
13. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. GPT-3 is way mre advanced than GPT-2.
B. GPT-3 is ttally different frm GPT-2.
C. The number f peratinal qubits is nt sufficient enugh.
D. It wn't be lng befre we see truly intelligent machines.
14. Accrding t the passage, ________
A. genuinely useful quantum cmputers culd cme earlier than expected.
B. experts firmly believe artificial general intelligence (AGI) is nly a matter f time.
C. researchers have demnstrated a practical way t scale up the current technlgy.
D. it is guaranteed that the scaling hypthesis will prve right.
15. What is the authr's attitude twards develpment in cmputer science?
A. dubtfulB. ptimistic
C. uncertainD. pessimistic
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机科学的宏伟目标、目前技术的进程和发展的关键，以及作者对未来计算机科学的展望。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“GPT-3 is just a scaled-up versin f GPT-2, a similar predecessr.(GPT-3只是其前身GPT-2的升级版本)”可知，scaled-up就是在原来版本基础上的升级，再结合第二段“And yet analysis f AIs designed t master human language has prmpted ther experts t suggest that AGI might nly be a matter f scaling up current technlgy.(然而，在对旨在掌握人类语言的人工智能进行分析后，其他专家认为，实现通用人工智能(AGI)可能只是scalin up现有技术的问题)”中止划线词后current technlgy可推知，scaling up也指在现有技术基础上进行升级，与upgrading(升级)同义。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。第六段“We might finally have a way t scale up the number f peratinal qubits t what we need.(我们也许最终会有办法把运算量子位升级到我们需要的水平)”可推知，目前运算量子位的数量还达不到我们需要的水平。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“This is why the news that researchers have demnstrated a viable way t make sure thse qubits dn’t cnstantly fall prey t errrs is a big deal. We might finally have a way t scale up the number f peratinal qubits t what we need.(这就是为什么研究人员已经证明了一种可行的方法，以确保这些量子位不会经常成为错误的牺牲品，这是一个重大的消息。我们也许终于有办法把运算量子位的数量放大到我们需要的水平)”可知，研究人员已经有了重大发现，我们终会把运算量子位的数量升级到我们需要的水平，由此推知，真正有用的量子计算机可能会比预期的更早出现。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Even s, it seems that cmputer science is striding int the 2020s in rude health.(即便如此，计算机科学似乎正大步迈入21世纪20年代)”中“striding int the 2020s in rude health”可推知，作者认为计算机科学正大步迈入21世纪，所以他对计算机科学发展持乐观态度。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Few days ag the gvernment clsed the schls fr the virus. Yu were effectively yur children's teacher thse days. That might seem a bit daunting (令人气馁的), but I'm here t tell yu that it's pssible. Here are my tp tips.
Dn't try and cpy the schl system.
____16____ S cast that aside. Stp wrrying abut it. Teach in the way that yu wuld teach and in the way that suits yu and yur child.
Think abut smething t d with timetabling.
Fr many f us, a timetable is abslutely essential. ____17____ Dn't lk n scial media at the timetable that yur neighbr has psted；that's all clur-cded and terrifying. Just think f ne that suits yu and stick t that.
Have a breath f fresh air in yur garden.
If yu have yur wn garden, remember that playing in the garden, playing in the mud is educatin. ____18____ Fresh air will make them learn better. Sunshine will be better fr them.
____19____
As a hme educatr, if there's a math prblem that they're struggling with, I can sit dwn with them, explain the cncept, and make sure they've understd it. This is smething that nt all children get in the schl system. And this is smething that yu can really make the mst f, s cherish the pprtunity.
Take advantage f the massive wealth f nline resurces.
There're abslutely lads f things n the Internet. There are sites dedicated t hme educatin. There's Twinkle, which is a really gd teacher resurce site. There's Cnquer Math, which is a brilliant daily math prgramme. ____20____ Think f it as smething that yur children can use t gather useful infrmatin. S yu can wrk with thse nline tutrs tgether t educate yur children.
Tutring yur children at hme is a really gd pprtunity fr yu t get t knw yur children, and yu might learn smething abut yurself in the prcess.
A. Value the ne-t-ne time that this experience will give yu.
B. Dn't wrry abut what has been happening at schl particularly.
C. Yu need t knw what is suitable fr them, and what excites them.
D. The way that teachers teach yur children is very different frm yurs.
E. Draw up a plan that matches yur wrking hurs and their studying hurs.
F. Yur children dn't have t sit at their desks all day, staring at math bks.
G. Dn't think f Internet as smething that yur children are ging t be glued t all day.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。因为新冠病毒疫情原因，政府关闭了学校，家长成了孩子们的老师，文章就家长如何在家里教育孩子提供了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据本段标题“Dn't try and cpy the schl system.(不要试图照搬学校的制度) ”以及后文“S cast that aside. Stp wrrying abut it. Teach in the way that yu wuld teach and in the way that suits yu and yur child.(所以先把这个扔到一边。别担心了。以你想要教导的方式，以适合你和你的孩子的方式教导) ”可知，本段是在强调学校的教育和家长的教育方式各不相同，家长不需要照搬学校的制度，用适合自己和孩子的方式进行教导就好了。故D选项“老师教你的孩子的方法和你的非常不同”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Fr many f us, a timetable is abslutely essential（对我们许多人来说，时间表是绝对必要的）”可知对我们许多人来说，时间表是绝对必要的。由此可知，本句承接上文说明制定时间表的问题。故E选项“制定一份与你的工作时间和他们的学习时间相匹配的计划”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“If yu have yur wn garden, remember that playing in the garden, playing in the mud is educatin（如果你有自己的花园，记住在花园里玩耍，在泥里玩耍是教育）”可知，孩子们不必非要坐在书桌前才可以学习，在泥里玩也可以是一种教育。故F选项“你的孩子不必整天坐在书桌前，盯着数学书看”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“As a hme educatr, if there's a math prblem that they're struggling with, I can sit dwn with them, explain the cncept, and make sure they've understd it. This is smething that nt all children get in the schl system. And this is smething that yu can really make the mst f, s cherish the pprtunity（作为一名家庭教育工作者，如果他们遇到了数学问题，我可以和他们坐下来，解释这个概念，确保他们理解了。这不是所有的孩子都能在学校学到的。这是你可以充分利用的东西，所以要珍惜这个机会）”可知本段是在说明家长应当珍惜陪伴孩子学习的这段时光。故A选项“珍惜这段经历给你的一对一的时间”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“There're abslutely lads f things n the Internet. There are sites dedicated t hme educatin. There's Twinkle, which is a really gd teacher resurce site. There's Cnquer Math, which is a brilliant daily math prgramme（互联网上绝对有很多东西。有一些网站专门提供家庭教育。有一个叫Twinkle的网站，这是一个非常好的教师资源网站。还有征服数学，这是一个很棒的日常数学节目）”可知，网上的资源网站可以帮助家长去发现适合孩子的，可以让孩子兴奋的东西。故C选项“你需要知道什么是适合他们的，什么能激起他们的兴趣”符合上下文语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Big trees are eclgically imprtant. They prvide fd fr cuntless ther species and ____21____ fr many animals. With tall branches in the sun, they absrb vast amunts f energy, which allws them t prduce massive crps f fruit and flwers.
Actually, nly a small number f tree species have the genetic ability t grw really big. The biggest are ____22____ t Nrth America, ____23____ big trees grw all glbally. T ____24____ a giant size, a tree needs the right place t establish its seedlings, gd grwing ____25____ and lts f time with lw adult death rate.
Hwever, in sme parts f the wrld, ppulatins f big trees are declining because their seedlings cannt ____26____. In suthern India, fr instance, a(n) ____27____ nn-native bush, Lantana, is invading the flr f many frests. Lantana grws s thickly that yung trees ften ____28____t take rt. With n yung trees t ____29____ them, mst f the big trees will finally disappear.
Similarly, withut the right grwing cnditins. Trees cannt get really big and there is sme evidence t suggest tree grwth culd slw in warm envirnments. Tree grwth there ______30______ bviusly in warmer years. During the day, their grwth shuts dwn when it gets t warm, and at night they ______31______ mre energy because their metablic(新陈代谢的) rate increases. With less energy prduced in warmer years and mre being cnsumed just t survive, there is even less energy ______32______ fr grwth.
The thery means trpical frests wuld ______33______ ver time. As lder trees die, frests wuld ______34______ sme f their stred carbn int the atmsphere, causing a cycle f further warming, frest shrinkage and carbn ______35______.
Besides, big trees are faced with threats frm elsewhere, surviving the strms, meeting challenges and grwing healthily.
21. A. shelterB. shadeC. lcatinD. pprtunity
22. A. nativeB. naturalC. freignD. clse
23. A. therefreB. andC. butD. r
24. A. reachB. achieveC. acquireD. land
25. A. psitinsB. circumstancesC. statesD. cnditins
26. A. surviveB. sufferC. standD. stretch
27. A. rigidB. straightfrwardC. aggressiveD. tentative
28. A. beginB. failC. manageD. refuse
29. A. recycleB. renewC. replaceD. reprduce
30. A. declinesB. determinesC. bmsD. flies
31. A. createB. cnsumeC. wasteD. generate
32. A. applicableB. accessibleC. acceptableD. available
33. A. assembleB. maintainC. accumulateD. shrink
34. A. extendB. guaranteeC. releaseD. entertain
35. A. accumulatinB. reductinC. transmissinD. emissin
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大树的重要性，大树的形成条件以及如今由于气候变暖，大树数量减少的现象。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们为无数其他物种提供食物，为许多动物提供庇护所。A. shelter躲避处；住处；B. shade阴凉处；C. lcatin地点；位置；D. pprtunity机会。由上文“They prvide fd fr cuntless ther species”可知，大树为动物树木提供最基本的生长必需，即提供食物和住所，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最大的一种树原产于北美，但是大树遍布全球。A. native本地的；B. natural自然的；天然的；C. freign外国的；D. clse接近的。由下文“t Nrth America”可知，最大的树产自北美，“be native t”是固定搭配，表示“原产于”，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：最大的一种树原产于北美，但是大树遍布全球。A. therefre因此；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. r或者。前半句说最大的树原产于南美，而此句是说普通的大树分布全世界，所以前后是转折关系，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了达到巨大的体型，树木需要适当的地方来扎根，需要良好的生长条件，以及足够的时间来降低成虫死亡率。A. reach到达；B. achieve实现；C. acquire获得；D. land登陆。由下文“a giant size”可知，此处表示大树为了长到足够大，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了达到巨大的体型，树木需要适当的地方来扎根，需要良好的生长条件，以及足够的时间来降低成虫死亡率。A. psitins位置；B. circumstances环境；C. states国家；D. cnditins条件。由上文“a tree needs the right place t establish its seedlings, gd grwing”可知，大树需要适当的地方生根，也需要良好的生长条件，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在世界的一些地方，大树的数量正在减少，因为它们的幼苗无法存活。A. survive存活；B. suffer遭受；C. stand站立；忍受；D. stretch伸展。由上文“in sme parts f the wrld, ppulatins f big trees are declining”可知，在世界的一些地方，大树的数量正在减少，这是因为幼苗无法存活，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在印度南部，一种侵略性的非本土灌木，马缨丹，正侵入许多森林的地面。A. rigid严格的；B. straightfrward直截了当的；坦诚的；C. aggressive好争的；侵略的；D. tentative试探性的。由下文“Lantana, is invading the flr f many frests”可知，马缨丹，正侵入许多森林的地面，它们是具有侵略性的，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马缨丹长得很茂密，小树常常无法生根。A. begin开始；B. fail失败；C. manage管理；D. refuse拒绝。由上文“Lantana grws s thickly”可知，因为马缨丹这种树木长的很快，所以小树很难生根，fail t d是固定搭配，表示“不能做某事”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于没有年轻的树木来取代它们，大部分的大树最终都会消失。A. recycle循环；B. renew更新；C. replace代替；D. reprduce繁殖；复制。由上下文“With n yung trees t ____9____ them, mst f the big trees will finally disappear.”可知，没有小树可以生存长大来代替死去的大树，所以大部分大树最终会消失，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在温暖的年份，那里的树木生长明显下降。A. declines减少；下降；B. determines决定；C. bms繁荣；D. flies飞。由上文“there is sme evidence t suggest tree grwth culd slw in warm envirnments”可知，有证据表明，大树在温暖的环境中会长得慢，所以在温暖的年份，那里的树木生长明显下降，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：白天，它们的生长因为温度过高而停止，到了晚上，它们消耗更多的能量，因为它们的新陈代谢率增加了。A. create制造；B. cnsume消费；C. waste浪费；D. generate产生；引起。由上下文“at night they ____11____ mre energy because their metablic (新陈代谢的) rate increases.”可知，在晚上，大树新陈代谢率增加了，所以消耗更多能量，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着温暖年份产生的能量越来越少，为了生存而消耗的能量越来越多，可用于生长的能量就越来越少。A. applicable适用的；B. accessible可进入的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. available可利用的。由下文“fr grwth”可知，此处表示生长所需要的能量，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个理论意味着热带森林会随着时间而萎缩。A. assemble集合；B. maintain维持；C. accumulate积累；D. shrink缩水；减少。由下文“frest shrinkage”可知，这个理论意味着热带森林慢慢会萎缩，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着老树的死亡，森林会把它们储存的碳释放到大气中，导致进一步变暖，森林萎缩和碳排放的循环。A. extend延伸；B. guarantee保证；C. release释放；D. entertain使娱乐。由上下文“As lder trees die, frests wuld ____14____ sme f their stred carbn int the atmsphere”可知，随着老树的死亡，森林会把它们储存的碳释放到大气中，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着老树的死亡，森林会把它们储存的碳释放到大气中，导致进一步变暖，森林萎缩和碳排放的循环。A. accumulatin积累；B. reductin减少；C. transmissin传播；传递；D. emissin排放物。由上文“As lder trees die, frests wuld ____14____ sme f their stred carbn int the atmsphere”可知，随着老树的死亡，森林会把它们储存的碳释放到大气中，这会造成碳排放的循环，故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Carved int the cliffs abve the Dachuan River, the Mga Caves represent the great ____36____ (achieve) f Buddhist art ver 1000 years, frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty t the Yuan Dynasty.
In all, 492 caves are ____37____ (present) preserved, husing abut 45,000 square meters f murals and ver 2,000 painted sculptures, ____38____ prvide an abundance f vivid materials demnstrating ____39____ (vary) aspects f medieval (中世纪的) plitics, ecnmics, culture, arts, religin, ethnic relatins, and daily dress in western China.
The caves ____40____ (link) t the histry f transcntinental relatins and f the spread f Buddhism thrughut Asia, ____41____ (ffer) invaluable reference fr studying the cmplex histry f ancient China and Central Asia.
In 1961, the Mga Caves were listed as ne f the State Pririty Prtected Sites and put ____42____ the prtectin f natinal laws. In 1987, the caves were registered n the Wrld Heritage List. Fr years, the Administrative Institutin f the Mga Caves ____43____ (cperate) with internatinal cunterparts t study cnservatin and site management.
The gal f the future is ____44____ (cnduct) the measures set ut in the management plan by the ____45____ (schedule) time, and make its histrical value available t future generatins.
【答案】36. achievement##achievements
37. presently
38. which 39. varius
40. are linked
41. ffering
42. under 43. has been cperating
44. t cnduct
45. scheduled
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲解了莫高窟保护现状、历史以及对未来保护的规划。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：莫高窟雕刻在大川河畔的悬崖峭壁上，代表了1000多年来佛教艺术的伟大成就。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，故设空处应用名词形式。achievement可做抽象名词指“成就”故用achievement；当作具体名词时，可看作可数名词，应用复数的形式，故答案为achievement(s)
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：目前保存下来的洞穴共有492个，壁画面积约为45,000平方米。设空处后为动词，副词修饰动词，故应用副词的形式。故答案为presently。
【38题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：2000多件彩绘雕塑，提供了丰富生动的资料，展示了中国西部中世纪的政治、经济、文化、艺术、宗教、民族关系和日常服饰的各个方面。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作指物的主语。先行词为sculptures雕塑，应用关系代词which。故答案为which。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，形容词修饰名词，故设空处为形容词形式。故答案为varius。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：这些洞穴与跨越大陆的关系史和佛教在亚洲的传播史有关，为研究古代中国和中亚的复杂历史提供了宝贵的参考。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语the caves之间是被动关系。叙述客观事实应用一般现在时。故答案为are linked。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些洞穴与跨越大陆的关系史和佛教在亚洲的传播史有关，为研究古代中国和中亚的复杂历史提供了宝贵的参考。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的主语之间为逻辑主动关系，故应用现在分词的形式。故答案为ffering.
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：1961年，莫高窟被列为国家重点文物保护单位，受到国家法律保护。under the prtectin f…“在……的保护之下”为固定短语。故答案为under。
【43题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：多年来，莫高窟管理机构一直与国际同行合作，研究保护和遗址管理。结合时间状语fr years和语境可知，此处强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在并会持续到将来，应用现在完成进行时，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。故答案为has been cperating。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：未来的目标是在预定的时间内执行管理计划中规定的措施。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示将来要发生的动作，应用动词不定式的形式。故答案为t cnduct。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作定语，和所修饰词之间的关系为逻辑被动关系。应用动词的过去分词形式。故答案为scheduled。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，为落实“五育并举”的育人目标，你校决定开展“劳动月（Labur Mnth）”活动，请你以学生会的名义用英文写一份倡议稿，内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的主要内容；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 写作次数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellws,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear fellws,
Our schl has decided t hld the“Labur Mnth”, aiming t raise students’ awareness f the significance f labur and help them acquire sme basic life skills. An abundance f activities will be included, like visiting a lcal factry, wrking n the schl farm, a speech cntest n labur, a display f dishes cked by students, etc. Every student is expected t take an active part, which will nt nly bst yur cmprehensive qualities but als better prepare yu fr the future.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以学生会的名义就劳动月写一篇倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要性：significance→imprtance
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin
提升：bst→imprve
品质/能力：qualities→abilities
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our schl has decided t hld the“Labur Mnth”, aiming t raise students’ awareness f the significance f labur and help them acquire sme basic life skills.
拓展句：Our schl has decided t hld the“Labur Mnth”,which aims t raise students’ awareness f the significance f labur and help them acquire sme basic life skills.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Our schl has decided t hld the“Labur Mnth”, aiming t raise students’ awareness f the significance f labur and help them acquire sme basic life skills. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Every student is expected t take an active part, which will nt nly bst yur cmprehensive qualities but als better prepare yu fr the future. (运用了关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 读后续写
Nellie and I have been best friends fr if lng as I can remember. We were brn nly a few days apart, s every year we planned a cmbined birthday. When we were in seventh grade, ur mms said we culd invite bys t ur party.
We were writing ut the invitatin list when my mm came up. “What abut inviting Jhn?” Mm asked.
Jhn had been in ur class fr nly tw mnths, but he gt better grades in math and science than anyne else in class. He was a lner, thugh, and hadn’t made many friends.
I wrinkled my nse. “Mm. he wears the same pants every day. Hw culd he even affrd a cstume?”
“The same pants?” Mm frwned.
“Yes. Brwn crdury nes” I sighed.
After schl the next day, as Nellie and I were cutting paper fr decratins, Mm handed me an envelpe.
“Nellie's mm and I thught it’d be nice fr yu tw t give this t Jhn,” Mm said as she headed back t her ffice.
I pened the envelpe delicately. Inside was a gift certificate fr ur favrite department stre. Staring at the certificate in shck, we bth knew hw many cute clthes that wuld buy.
“S, are we ging t hand it t him?” I asked.
“Hw embarrassing that wuld be!” Nellie said.
Indeed, Jhn wuld be ashamed if we gave him mney fr clthes. “What if we slip it int his desk when n ne is lking?” I prpsed.
“He’d prbably give it t the teacher and then we’d have t say it was fr him in frnt f the whle class.” Nellie rlled her eyes. Mre embarrassing. We had t think f smething else.
“I have an idea” Nellie snatched the envelpe.
“What?”
“I wn't tell yu.” Nellie sang as she ran away.
Paragraph 1:
Fr days I watched Nellie and Jhn carefully.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Jhn finally came in a dingy shirt, with the same brwn crdury pants.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para 1:
Fr days I watched Nellie and Jhn carefully. But, there were n new pants. I kept wndering what might have happened t the certificate. Maybe, Jhn was just saving them fr the party. I even dubted if Nellie had used it fr herself. But, in a mment, I tld myself that she wuldn’t d that. Fr days, I just watched in vain fr new pants t appear until the day f ur party when my guests arrived in smart cstumes.
Para 2:
Jhn finally came in an ld shirt, with the same brwn crdury pants. Nbdy seemed t care, thugh. I was still thinking abut the certificate when Nellie annunced there was a math game fr a prize. As it turned ut, Jhn had the last laugh and became the winner. Nellie tk ut a bx, in which was the very envelpe! I culdn’t be t prud t have a friend like Nellie. The next week, Jhn wre a pair f new pants every day, bearing a big smile n his face.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和好朋友Nellie发现班上的新同学Jhn总是穿同样的裤子，于是Nellie想了办法，在不伤害Jhn情感的情况下，给了Jhn一张百货公司的礼券。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一连几天，我仔细地观察着Nellie和Jhn。”可知，第一段可描写作者观察Nellie和Jhn的发现以及内心的猜测。
②由第二段首句内容“Jhn终于来了，穿着一件旧衬衫和同样的棕色灯芯绒裤子。”可知，第二段可描写Jhn如何赢得了那张礼券的经过。
2.续写线索：观察Nellie和Jhn——作者内心猜测——Jhn出现在派对——Jhn赢得礼券——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
观察：watch carefully/ bserve
到达：arrive/ reach
在意：care / take ntice f
情绪类
感谢：prud / with pride
怀疑：dubt / suspect
【点睛】[高分句型1] I kept wndering what might have happened t the certificate. (运用了what引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Fr days, I just watched in vain fr new pants t appear until the day f ur party when my guests arrived in smart cstumes. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)