2022届上海市育才中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届上海市育才中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共29页。
2022届上海市育才中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was the man’s reaction to the news?
A. Shocked. B. Sad. C. Anxious. D. Annoyed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Marcia and Harold are getting divorced
M: I can’t believe it. I always thought they were so well suited to each other.
Q: What was the man’s reaction to the news?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How much does the man have to pay for a double room?
A. $15. B. $18. C. $30. D. $33.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: We want to book a room. How much does the room cost?
W: A single room is $18 per night, and a double room, $15 for one bed.
Q: How much does the man have to pay for a double room?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do?
A. He had his son buy the soy sauce.
B. He used up the soy sauce.
C. He had the supper fixed.
D. He went and got the soy sauce.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: We are out of soy sauce for the supper. Can you please go and buy some?
M: I sent our son to buy some half an hour ago. He will be here anytime soon.
Q: What did the man do?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
A. He ordered roast beef.
B. He would like some cold drinks.
C. He worked at the beach.
D. He seldom eats roast beef.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What would you like for supper, Jack? Would you like roast beef?
M: Oh, no. I don’t feel like it. I spent the whole day at the beach, so all I want now is something icy or frozen.
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The kids are not friendly to Teresa.
B. The kids are getting along well with Teresa.
C. The kids need a person to take care of.
D. Teresa’s English is very good.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: How are the kids? Are they still giving Teresa a hard time?
W: Yeah, they’ve been making fun of her English.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student.
C. Magician and audience. D. Driver and passenger.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you have some magic tablets? I have an exam to pass tomorrow.
M: In such an emergency, you need injections.
Q: What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman mean?
A. He was a firefighter.
B. He was excited to get the medal.
C. He was responsible for the fire.
D. He was very brave.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Hans was awarded a medal for rescuing a baby from a burning apartment.
W: I really admire his courage.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What can we learn from the conversation?
A. They are not used to living in hot places.
B. They will get away from the hot days.
C. They will not be back until it gets cold.
D. They are reluctant to go on holiday.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: They say it’s going to be very hot tomorrow, and the hot days will last till the next week.
M: Oh, we are so lucky. We’re having a holiday in Sydney for a whole week.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Advertise for a job. B. Find another job through ads.
C. Keep the news a secret from his wife. D. Serve at the coffee shop.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I got fired and I didn’t tell my wife. I spent the past three days at the coffee shop next to your office.
W: That’s not the way to solve the problem. Did you look in the classified ads column?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
A. She’s excited about her new job.
B. She finds the office is too big for her.
C. She thinks the work load unbearable.
D. She’s not so excited about her new position.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: I heard you got promoted to manager. You must feel on top of the world.
W: Not really. The new office is big but the work load has doubled.
Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11. What is NOT included in the written reports?
A. Students’ strength. B. Students’ weakness.
C. Teachers’ suggestions. D. Students’ grades.
12. Why do some parents complain about the written reports?
A. Because they cannot boast about their children.
B. Because reports have less information.
C. Because it is a strange way to evaluate performance.
D. Because others don’t consider it to be formal.
13. What Wewers’ attitude towards the written reports?
A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】At most American colleges, teachers give students grades that evaluate their performance in class. The grades range from A to F—with A the highest and F signaling failure. But some colleges do not use grades. Instead, teachers write reports on what the students did well and what they did not do well. The reports also include suggestions on how students can do better. Students and teachers say the written reports provide much more information than letter grades on how students are doing. But some students admit that their parents complain they cannot brag to family and friends that their child is an “A student”. Jessica Wewers, 21, is an early education major at Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Alverno is a small Catholic college serving female students. Wewers said when she returns to her home in Illinois, some friends tell her they think it is strange she does not receive letter grades. But Wewers likes the detailed information her teachers provide. It has already helped her prepare teaching plans simple enough for young children to understand. “I was asking a little too much of younger children," Wewers said. Her classmate, Angelina Nuno, transferred from a large state college, where she struggled with her writing. Detailed suggestions from her Alverno teachers helped her write clearly. Soon, Nuno expects to begin tutoring fellow students to help with their writing problems.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14. Why did NASA provide money for the experiment?
A. To study the effect of isolation on humans.
B. To figure out the conditions of the volcano.
C. To help choose the right persons for a trip to Mars.
D. To learn about human mental and emotional problems.
15. What special quality are the subjects NOT supposed to have during the experiment?
A. Eating diet food. B. Enduring isolation.
C. Being cooperative. D. Coping with pressure.
16. What are the crew-members required to do during the experiment?
A. To set up their habitat. B. To make weather maps.
C. To study the rocky surface. D. To communicate every 20 minutes.
【答案】14. C 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】Research subjects who have lived with limited human contact since January recently completed an experiment.
The six, four men and two women, lived near the top of a volcano on the Pacific island of Hawaii. They agreed to stay in a small, restricted area as part of a study to learn about the mental and emotional effects of a long term space mission.
The American space agency NASA provided money for the experiment. Information gathered in the study will help NASA choose individuals and groups with the right qualities for a trip to Mars.
Individuals who are able to deal with long-term space travel need to have special qualities. They need to be able to deal well with isolation, pressure and danger for up to three years on a trip that would take them far from Earth.
During the experiment, the subjects wore space suits like those worn by astronauts and traveled in teams whenever leaving their living structure.
The kinds of foods available to the research subjects were limited. They ate mostly freeze-dried or canned food during the experiment.
All communications between the "crew members" and outsiders were given a 20-minute delay, increasing the sense of isolation. Twenty minutes is the time it takes a radio signal to travel from Mars to Earth.
The crew-members were required to carry out studies of the rocky surface, make maps and care for their habitat. The living space had a laboratory, cooking area and bedrooms with little room for anything else.
After the experiment was finished, food was the first thing on the mind of the six astronauts. They gladly ate a feast of tropical fruit.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. How’s the two speakers relationship after they had an argument?
A. Friendly. B. Unfriendly. C. Uninterested. D. Respectful.
18. Why must we be careful with our gestures?
A. To avoid offending people. B. To attract attention.
C. To avoid confusing people. D. To make friends easily.
19. In which country does shaking head mean "yes"?
A. Greece. B. India. C. Bulgaria. D. Britain.
20. Which of the following is true according to the conversation?
A. Waving arms around a lot when arguing is very British.
B. Giving a guest from the Middle East a thumb-up is polite.
C. There’s just one meaning when India people shake their heads.
D. Being careful with gestures is a must when you meet people from different cultures.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: So, we had an argument just several days ago.
W: We did. But no hard feelings?
M: None. We often fall out over silly things…
W: ... Like who’s going to introduce the show …
M: ... Or who’s going to choose the quiz question.
W: But we understand each other. That’s the important thing, isn’t it? Do you know that you wave your arms around a lot when you’re arguing?
M: No I didn’t know I did that.
W: That isn’t very British.
M: I know. Using gestures — or movements you make with your hands or your head to express what you are thinking or feeling — is common in some countries but not in others. Then there are some movements — like shaking your head — which mostly means "no" but in some countries can mean the opposite.
W: That’s right. There are plenty of gestures you need to be careful with when you’re meeting and greeting people from a culture that’s different to your own — to avoid offending people.
M: Any example?
W: For example, our everyday use of the thumbs-up signal might offend people from the Middle East. Do you know in which country shaking your head means "yes"?
M: No idea — I’ll guess Greece. I do know that in India people shake their heads to mean lots of different things.
W: That’s the wrong answer, I’m afraid. The right answer is Bulgaria. In some Southeastern European areas such as Bulgaria and southern Albania, shaking your head is used to indicate “yes”. In those regions, nodding in fact means “no” as well.
M: Is that true?
W: Yes, it is. I hope you remember that the next time you meet somebody from Southeastern Europe.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
American researchers say they have invented a method that could use salty water on Mars to produce oxygen and fuel, ___21___ would both be important elements to support future human exploration activities on the Red Planet.
Engineers at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, developed the new method. They created a machine called an electrolyzer. It can separate salty water into oxygen and hydrogen gases.
The team described the process in a study recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Scientists have already collected solid evidence ___22___ the planet likely holds a large supply today. But Mars is extremely cold. So, most of the water ___23___ (think) to exist in the form of ice.
The research team notes that any water that is not frozen is almost surely full of salt from the Martian soil. The usual methods for breaking water down into oxygen require the salt ___24___ (remove) first. This process can be complex, costly and harmful to the environment. The new method they invented can take salty water directly and convert it into oxygen and hydrogen.
The team carried out experiments with high levels of magnesium salts, which scientists believe likely ___25___ (exist) on Mars. The researchers also carried out the tests ___26___ temperatures similar to the Red Planet’s atmosphere.
The U.S. space agency NASA has also experimented with technology to produce oxygen on Mars. One device designed to do this will be tested as part of NASA’s Perseverance mission. Perseverance is a new explorer vehicle, or rover, that is currently on ___27___ way to Mars.
The engineering team said its method could even find valuable uses on Earth. “___28___ (demonstrate) these electrolyzers under demanding Martian conditions, we intend to also use them under ___29___ (mild) conditions on Earth,” said Pralay Gayen, who is a postdoctoral researcher at Washington University and a lead writer of the study. “___30___ such use could be in defense industries,” he added, “the method could create oxygen on demand for submarines. It may also be able to provide oxygen for researchers exploring new environments in the deep sea.”
【答案】21. which
22. that 23. is thought
24. to be removed##be removed
25. exist 26. at
27. the ## its
28. Having demonstrated
29. milder 30. Once ## If ## When
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述美国研究人员已经发明了一种方法，可以利用火星上的盐水来产生氧气和燃料，这两种物质都是支持未来人类在这颗红色星球上探索活动的重要元素。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：美国研究人员说，他们已经发明了一种方法，可以利用火星上的盐水来生产氧气和燃料，这两种物质都是支持未来人类在这颗红色星球上探索活动的重要元素。分析句子结构可知，“________ would both be important elements to support future human exploration activities on the Red Planet.”为定语从句，修饰先行词oxygen and fuel，指物，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【22题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：科学家们已经收集到确凿的证据，证明这颗行星今天可能拥有大量的能源供应。分析句子结构可知，“____ the planet likely holds a large supply today”为evidence的同位语从句，从句中句子结构完整，意思完整，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
【23题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：因此，大多数水被认为是以冰的形式存在的。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，主语water和think之间为被动关系，句子为描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，所以谓语动词要用一般现在时态的被动语态。故填is thought.
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通常将水分解成氧气的方法需要先除去盐。根据固定短语require to do “要求……做某事”可知，此处应用不定式作宾补，又宾语salt和remove之间为逻辑被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be do。也可看作require后的宾语从句，这时从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分结构为：(should)+do，此时宾从的主语the salt和remove为被动关系，应用被动语态，因有情态动词should，故用be done。故填to be removed/ be removed。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究小组用高浓度的镁盐进行了实验，科学家们认为这种镁盐可能存在于火星上。分析句子结构，空处需要做定语从句中的谓语动词，which指代先行词“magnesium salts”，在定语从句中做主语，句子时态为一般现在时态。故填exist。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究人员也在类似于这颗红色星球大气层的温度下进行了测试。根据句意可知，这个测试是在类似于这颗红色星球大气层的温度下进行了测试，at...temperature “在……温度下”。故填at。
27题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：“毅力”号是一种新的探险家运载工具，或称漫游者，目前正在前往火星的途中。on the/one’s way to “在去往某地的路上”。故填the/its
28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：华盛顿大学博士后研究员、该项研究的主要作者普拉雷·盖恩说：“我们已经在苛刻的火星条件下拆除了这些电解槽，打算在地球上较温和的条件下使用它们。”分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语动词做状语，demonstrate和主句主语为主动关系，且发生在主句动作之前，所以要用现在分词的完成式。故填Having demonstrated。
【29题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：华盛顿大学博士后研究员、该项研究的主要作者普拉雷·盖恩说：“我们已经在苛刻的火星条件下拆除了这些电解槽，打算在地球上较温和的条件下使用它们。”根据句意可知，从火星上拆除的电解槽会在地球上较温和的条件下使用，所以形容词要用比较级。故填milder。
【30题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他补充说：“一旦/如果/当这种用途可以用于国防工业，这种方法可以根据需要为潜艇提供氧气。分析句子结构，空处要状语从句的引导词；根据句意可知，一旦/如果/当这种用途可以用于国防工业，这个方法可以为为潜艇提供氧气，所以可以为条件状语从句或时间状语从句。故填Once/If/When.

Section B Vocabulary
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. neighbouring；B. concerned；C. complete；D. earnest；E. fats
F. maintenance；G. notably；H. operations；I. regularly；J. specifics；K. shift
A good grilling
As they reopen after lockdown, many restaurants are firing up their barbecues. Diners appreciate food grilled over glowing charcoal embers, but the ___31___ residents often do not. Pollution levels near restaurants can be ___32___ higher than average, because of emissions from kitchens. With the increasing popularity of indoor barbecuing, it is a problem that is set to get worse.
The researchers tested a commercial grill, ___33___ with the sort of multistage filtering system used in many — though by no means all — restaurants. Apart from typical pollutants and particulate matter, they also discovered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (多环芳烃). These cancer-causing chemicals are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion (燃烧) of ___34___ and oil-based sauces. The researchers estimated that if their half-a-square-metre grill was used for nine hours a day, it would release between 400 and 500 kilograms of fine and ultrafine particulate matter into the air every year. With many restaurants using 2.5-square-metre grills 16 hours a day, the level of pollution from most commercial___35___ would be much higher.
The researchers are investigating which extraction systems best protect all the people ___36___ such as the restaurant employees. Taller chimneys are one option. But Dr Aleysa, an expert in combustion technology, suspects they would just ___37___ the pollution elsewhere. The results of these tests will be published next year.
Meanwhile, Dr Aleysa’s team have come up with their own solution: a new kind of grill, which they reckon can cut pollutants by 90%. Dr Aleysa is reluctant to go into ___38___. But the basic idea is that before being released to the outside, the fumes are sucked back down through the embers and into a combustion zone, where hydrocarbons and odour compounds are fully burnt. That lessens the need for expensive extraction systems and fiddly filters that must be ___39___ cleaned.
An industrial partner is keen to put the grill into production. It could go on sale by the middle of next year. It will cost a bit more than a standard grill, says Dr Aleysa. But he believes that would be offset by lower ____40____ costs. Better air quality around restaurants would be welcome. But the big test will be whether chefs believe the new grill can produce that same barbecue flavour.
【答案】31. A 32. G
33. C 34. E
35. H 36. B
37. K 38. J
39. I 40. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了室内烧烤十分流行但污染环境，研究者们在试图用一种新的烧烤架来解决这个问题。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：食客们喜欢在炭火块上考出来的食物，但是附近的居民通常不会。根据常识可知，人们为了美味进行烧烤，会给附近的居民带来空气污染，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：参观附近的污染水平可能会比平均水平显著高出不少。副词修饰形容词比较级higher，厨房的气体排放会给空气带来明显影响，故选G。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究者们测试了一种商业的烧烤架，完全是那种在很多但绝非全部餐馆使用的多级过滤系统的那类。分析句意，强调某一种商用过滤器，只用了一种来做测试，complete意为“完全的”，符合语义逻辑，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些致癌物质主要是由脂肪和含油的酱汁的不完全燃烧产生的。根据句意，此处应填一个烧烤时会使用的食材，与后面的酱汁并列，故选E。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：大多数商业经营的污染水平将会高得多。根据常识，餐馆是一种商业运作，将两者进行比较，此处讨论的是其他商业运作，故选H。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究者们在调查哪一种提取系统可以最好地保护相关的人，比如餐馆职员。分析句子结构可知，该空格充当后置定语修饰people作宾语，餐馆职员是利益相关者，concerned意为“有关的”，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是燃烧技术领域的一个专家Aleysa博士怀疑它们会不会只是将污染转移到其他地方去。从怀疑可知，博士对效果提出质疑，只有shift转移符合语境，故选K。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：Aleysa博士不愿意细谈。由后句“But the basic idea is that before being released to the outside(但是基本的思路是在被往外排放之前)”表明，博士没有具体谈论细节，specifics意为“细节”，故选J。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：那减少了对昂贵的提取系统和必须要定期高精度地清洗的过滤器的需求。按照赏识，过滤器作为一个过滤污染物的仪器，应该定期清洗，故选I。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是他认为那个会被更低的维护费用所抵消。此处谈到的是两个成本，与费用有关，只有F选项的“维护”符合语境，故选F。

III. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feel Like You’re Falling Behind Your Peers?
It’s never pleasant to lag behind others that we consider similar to ourselves. The conventional wisdom says to “stop competing with others and only compete with yourself”. But that’s easier said than done. With the rise of social media, it’s hard to avoid ___41___ of your colleagues’ accomplishments if you want to stay connected. But in fact that knowledge can have benefits. A recent study shows that it can become a source of ___42___ in both one’s work and life.
So how can you take advantage of the positive benefits of competition without suffering from the insecurity it may ___43___?
Track your triggers.
The stress of feeling behind your peers can emerge in many ___44___ throughout the day. It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own.
It’s vital to pay attention to the things that tend to cause you to compare yourself with others, because if you are ___45___ that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response.
Shift to purposeful re-framing.
Once you ___46___ the situations that provoke these negative feelings in you, you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure. But that’s rarely a(n) ___47___ or practical solution.
For instance, you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues. A better approach is to ___48___ engage those feelings to your benefit. Instead of saying to yourself, “I wish I did that,” ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?” Then take some time to listen to what ideas emerge in your mind.
___49___ a personal strength to regain validation (认可).
During the period of insecurity, you may start to consider how you can ____50____ others. Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.
An executive coaching client of mine was heartbroken that his planned promotion this year was postponed due to the pandemic. He worried that his future ____51____ for promotion to this position would slowly disappear.
To get out of his negative state, he decided to harness (利用) his writing talent. He ____52____ a thoughtful article for the company blog on how to effectively and positively lead others ____53____ the current crisis. Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance. This feedback, ____54____, made him confident about his value.
Any efforts in your career and life will ____55____ bring self-comparison and insecurity. But whenever you feel like you are falling behind others, you can use these strategies to regain your confidence and perform well in the competitions that genuinely matter to you.
41. A. evidence B. hints C. exchanges D. criticism
42. A. entertainment B. pride C. inspiration D. identity
43. A. suffer B. ensure C. breed D. seize
44. A. accents B. forms C. sizes D. cultures
45. A. aware B. glad C. relieved D. surprised
46. A. ignore B. seek C. report D. track
47. A. adaptive B. reasonable C. innovative D. diplomatic
48. A. deliberately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. effortlessly
49. A. Detect B. Reserve C. Qualify D. Exhibit
50. A. make use of B. catch up with C. give in to D. put up with
51. A. proposals B. prospects C. perspectives D. programs
52. A. copied B. reviewed C. composed D. quoted
53. A. to B. with C. through D. across
54. A. however B. besides C. for example D. in turn
55. A. inevitably B. sensitively C. unfortunately D. visibly
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了就如何将竞争产生的不安转化为有利因素提出了几点建议。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着现代媒体的发展，如果你想保持联系的话，避免听到你的同事取得成就的事实是很难的。A. evidence事实，证据；B. hints暗示；C. exchanges相互交换；D. criticism批评。根据空格后的“of your colleagues’ accomplishments”可知，你的同事取得成就，这是事实。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查表明：了解同事的成就可以成为一个人工作和生活中的灵感来源。A. entertainment娱乐；B. pride自豪；C. inspiration灵感，激励；D. identity身份。根据上句“But in fact that knowledge can have benefits.”可知，了解同事的成就是有益的，这可以成为你工作生活的灵感来源，激励自己。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么如何利用竞争带来的积极因素而不受这种可能增长的不安全感。A. suffer受苦；B. ensure确保；C. breed繁殖，增长；D. seize抓住。根据“without suffering from the insecurity”可知，这种不安全感会随着竞争的加大而增长。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉落后于同伴的压力可能整天以许多形式出现。A. accents口音；B. forms形式；C. sizes尺寸；D. cultures文化。根据下句“It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own.”可知，可能听到老板在称赞另一位同事，或者看到你的同事离开朝9晚5的工作去创业时，你的压力就会产生，由此可知你的压力在一天以不同的形式而出现。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：注意引起你和别人产生比较的事情很重要，因为如果你意识到这些是诱因，你就能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。A. aware意识到的；B. glad高兴的；C. relieved减轻的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据本处“because if you are 5 that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response”可知，只有意识到这些是诱因，你才能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。再结合be aware that(意识到)，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你跟踪到引起你负面情绪的处境，你就可能停止引起你不安的行动。A. ignore忽略；B. seek寻找；C. report报告；D. track跟踪。根据下文“you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure”可知，你要决定停止引起你不安的行动，首先要跟踪引起你负面情绪的处境。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是那是很少合理的或实用的解决方案。A. adaptive适应的；B. reasonable合理的；C. innovative创新的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据空格后“or practical solution”可知，空格处的词义和practical (实用的)词义接近。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一种较好办法是故意将那些情绪加到你的利益中。A. deliberately故意地；B. extremely极度地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. effortlessly毫不费力地。根据上句“you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues”和下文“ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?””可知，你可能不能避免听到你的老板在说你和你的同事，因此你要将这些情绪故意地加到你的利益中，去激发自己，问问自己，“为什么我不能那样做？”。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：展示你的长处去被认可。A. Detect发现；B. Reserve储备；C. Qualify具有资格；D. Exhibit展览，展示。根据下文“Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.”加倍努力去表现你的强项。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你感到不安全期间，你可能考虑如何赶上其他人。A. make use of利用；B. catch up with赶上；C. give in to屈服于；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“During the period of insecurity”可知，在感到不安全时，你就会思考如何赶上其他人。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他担心他未来提升到这个岗位展望可能会逐渐消失。A. proposals提议；B. prospects展望；C. perspectives态度；D. programs节目。根据上文“his future”和下文“for promotion to this position”可知，这是对未来岗位升职的展望。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. copied复制；B. reviewed复习；C. composed撰写；D. quoted引用。根据空格后“a thoughtful article”可知，此处是撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. to到；B. with和；C. through通过（障碍、阶段或测试）；D. across横过。根据空格后的“the current crisis”可知，此处指摆脱目前危机。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查语境理解。句意：这种反馈反过来增强了他对自己价值的自信。A. however然而；B. besides此外；C. for example例如；D. in turn反过来。根据上句“Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance.”可知，无数年轻和年长的同事都表达了他们对他真诚乐观指导的感激。由此可知，这种被他人认可反过来会提升他的自信。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在你生活和工作中的任何努力都不可避免地带来自我比较和安。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. sensitively敏感地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. visibly明显地。根常识和据空格后“bring self-comparison and insecurity”可知，在生活中带来自我比较和不安是难以避免地。故选A。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Every question is provided with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One is the loneliest number that you’ll ever do, according to the association of scholars known as Three Dog Night. But what if there are many numbers even less popular than one?
For reasons totally unrelated to classic rock, author Alex Bellos set out to find the world’s favorite numbers. His online survey swiftly received more than 30,000 votes from numberphiles around the world. Voters gave many reasons for their favorites, though they usually orresponded to an important date or age or other positive association.
Overall, odd numbers outperformed evens. And Bellos suggests that numbers ending in zero were too round for most tastes. “When we say 100, we don’t usually mean exactly 100; we mean around 100,” Bellos told Nautilus magazine. “Why would you have something as your favorite that is so vague?”
Numbers that serve a higher purpose did well. For instance, 42--the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything” from The Hitchhiker ‘s Guide to the Galaxy--landed in 11th place. The lovely, symmetrical （对称的） number eight, which is pronounced “ba-” in Chinese and rhymes with the Chinese character “fa-” signifying prosperity, came in third. Second place went to the number three, perhaps for its many appearances in nature and culture: the number of leaves on a typical clover （三叶草）, little pigs pursued by a certain wolf, musketeers （火箭手） in the Dumas novel, and wishes offered by genies.
But the clear winner is the number seven, winning nearly 10 percent of the total vote. Shocked? But seven’s triumph also reaffirms a human fascination that goes back thousands of years. Bellos points out that ancient Babylonian tablets were riddled with sevens. There are also seven dwarfs, seven deadly sins, and seven days of the week. We even speak of seventh heaven as the final happiness.
But all of this, Bellos suspects, is the effect and not the cause of our like for seven. He assumes that seven is a stone-cold rebel that follows no rules but its own.
“Seven is the only number among those we can count on our hands, one to ten, that cannot be divided or multiplied within the group,” Bellos explains. One, two, three, four, and five can each be doubled to reach two, four, six, eight, and ten. Nine is divisible by three. Seven, then, is the only number between two and ten that is neither a multiple nor a factor of the others.
56. The most common reason for voters’ decision is that ________.
A. this number is more likely to be an odd number
B. this number appears most frequently in their life
C. this number is usually associated with loneliness
D. this number relates to something valuable to them
57. Which of the following statements is Alex Bellos most likely to agree with?
A. 100 has long been favoured by many people because it conveys a vague meaning.
B. seven is a popular number because it is common in the context of nature and culture.
C. 42 is many people’s favourite number because it is an important number in a novel.
D. eight has been a lucky number in China because it is symmetrical in shape.
58. What does Alex Bellos say about the number of seven?
A. It is the only number that is attached to positive feeling.
B. It stands alone among the numbers from one to ten in a sense.
C. It was considered a unique number by Babylonian people.
D. It doesn’t serve as a factor of any other number.
59. What is the passage mainly about?
A. People’s favourite numbers.
B. Why seven is most liked by people.
C. Alex Bellos’ book about numbers.
D. Cultural meaning of numbers.
【答案】56. D 57. C 58. B 59. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文是通过Alex Bellos收集到关于人们对最受欢迎的数字的数据统计而发表看法展开描写，公布了人们最喜欢的数字。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Voters gave many reasons for their favorites, though they usually orresponded to an important date or age or other positive association. 尽管选民们通常会对某个重要的日期、年龄或其他积极的联想做出回应，但他们还是给出了很多自己最喜欢的理由。可知，选民选出的数字是与他们认为有价值的东西有关。故选D项。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Numbers that serve a higher purpose did well. For instance, 42--the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything” from The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy--landed in 11th place. 服务于更高目的的数字表现良好。例如，《银河系漫游指南》中的“生命、宇宙和一切终极问题的答案”——42——排在第11位。可知，数字42因为它在小说《银河系漫游指南》中是一个重要的数字，所以是许多人最喜欢的数字。故选C项。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Seven is the only number among those we can count on our hands, one to ten, that cannot be divided or multiplied within the group,” Bellos explains. One, two, three, four, and five can each be doubled to reach two, four, six, eight, and ten. Nine is divisible by three. Seven, then, is the only number between two and ten that is neither a multiple nor a factor of the others.可知，作者认为数字7是独一无二的。故选B项。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中For reasons totally unrelated to classic rock, author Alex Bellos set out to find the world’s favorite numbers. His online survey swiftly received more than 30,000 votes from numberphiles around the world.可知，本文是通过Alex Bellos收集到关于人们对最喜欢数字的数据统计而发表看法展开描写的，即是关于人们最喜欢的数字。故选A项。
(B)
Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.
Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
La La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actress Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.
Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank
This is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastian was reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.
Warner Bros Studios, Burbank
Mia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “ the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours.
Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood Drive
This section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mulholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.
60. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.
A. Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
B. Smokehouse Restaurant
C. Warner Bros Studio
D. Cath’s Corner
61. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.
A. stress Warner Bros is still in function
B. show respect for movies of previous generations
C. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios
D. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid
62. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?
A. Nature and Environment. B. City and Transport.
C Travel and Recreation. D. Food and Health.
【答案】60. B 61. B 62. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。音乐剧《爱乐之城》(La La Land) 需要在洛杉矶40多个地点拍摄，为了配合该片在英国的上映，邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。文章对这些令人惊叹的场景做了介绍。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank中In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.“在影片中,Lipton的外墙是“你是明星”壁画,包括玛丽莲梦露,查理·卓别林和其他电影明星”。可知，为了遇到一些电影明星，你可以去Smokehouse Restaurant。故选B。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线部分的下文It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history.这部电影对电影史的众多致敬之一。可知，Mia提到了划线的句子，是为了表达对前几代电影的致敬。故选B。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings. 在洛杉矶40多个地方拍摄的音乐剧《爱乐之城》是“致城市的一封情书”。为了配合该片在英国上映，我们邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。”可知，最可能在网站Travel and Recreation部分找到这篇文章。故选C。
(C)
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up 15 per cent of the population but only 10 per cent of museum-goers. Similarly, people of colour aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.
We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more modern and accessible ways.
If you have ever tried to power through reading a museums complex wall text, you know art discussions can be full of special terms. In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audiences along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. This summer, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity ---- toilet rolls featured frequently ---- and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a hidden desire for audiences to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.
Many people are intimidated (威胁) by art and feel that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation. The Getty initiative embraced the visuality of art and served as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another interesting byproduct of the Getty challenge was the attention given to a diversity of artworks. British opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of stunning recreations highlighting centuries of black portraiture, including a collaboration with London’s National Portrait Gallery. His efforts counter the perception that there are not many historical portraits of black figures. It is imperative (势在必行的) that we do a better job of showcasing the many complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. In doing so, we preserve more histories and welcome wider diversity of people.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have amassed tens of thousands of followers by dedicating their feeds to female artists, artists of of colour and more. Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without Britain’s museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on boards and executive teams.
Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.
63. Which of the following is NOT an example of the answers to tackling the challenge?
A. Engaging audiences in discussions in the podcast Art Matters
B. Holding pop-culture discussions with the charity Art UK
C. Encouraging people to recreate paintings with household items
D. Portraying historical black figures through art recreations
64. The podcast Art Matters bears the following features EXCEPT ________.
A. connecting art history to popular topics
B. having only a few special terms
C. being accessible to the poor and needy
D. engaging more diverse audiences
65. We can conclude from the passage that common audiences ________.
A. lack the ability to understand and talk about art history
B. prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media
C. long to engage with art topics and diverse art history stories
D. hope more people of colour are represented on museum boards
66. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. Art for Change B. Don’t Fear Art
C. Art on Social Media D. Art for All
【答案】63. B 64. C 65. C 66. D
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但是缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，因此人们需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences.( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。)”可知，与英国慈善艺术组织举行流行文化讨论的目的是吸引更年轻更多样化的观众，不是为了解决艺术和观众之间的脱节的问题。故选B。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. ( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，主题包括电影、心理学甚至碧昂丝，几乎没有特别的术语。这个系列是将艺术与时事联系起来的一种有用方式。)”可知，“艺术事务”播客联系了艺术历史与流行话题 ，吸引更多样化的观众，有很少的术语，因此可知，能够接近穷人和有需要的人不是这个播客的特点。故选C。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it.( 社交媒体为那些传统上没有一席之地的人提供了一个平台。任何人都可以认识到该领域的差距并解决它)”和“Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.(他们的追随者积极地证明了人们渴望听到这些艺术史，而这些主题对博物馆的规划效果非常出色。)”可推断，普通观众渴望参与到艺术主题和多样化的艺术史故事中来。故选C。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.( 我们已经认识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有查明如何弥合这一差距)”，和最后一段“Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.( 确保艺术——写作和谈论艺术——在人群中产生共鸣，取决于正在崛起的一代讲故事的人，在机构内外，获得他们需要的资金和支持，为这个行业描绘一幅更光明的图景)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，艺术应在人群中产生共鸣，艺术和观众之间脱节，需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁，因此推断D项“艺术为所有人”为最佳标题。故选D。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We live in a world of advertising. Advertising is a pervasive method of marketing in society. Though the methods by which marketers advertise have changed over the decades, the role and purpose of advertising has shifted very little.
____67____. Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. What is being presented to the public is usually a product or service, such as a car or camera. Yet it may also be an idea, as in "Vote for Jones", or an event, as in "Watch the World Series on this channel tomorrow!” Without advertising, people would have a difficult time knowing where goods could be bought or even certain goods or services existed.
Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. ____68____ The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.
____69____ For example, radio and television ads are costly. But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.
Do business owners themselves think up all those ads? For the most part, they hire qualified agencies to create their advertising. An advertising agency plans a company’s ads. It also does research. It surveys the market and tests different approaches to determine the most effective way to sell the greatest amount of the product.
How can we be sure that an ad is accurate? Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent (欺骗性的) ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies. ____70____
A. Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.
B. Printed ads are found in newspapers and magazines.
C. Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.
D. Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.
E. Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.
F. Advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th century.
【答案】67. A 68. C 69. E 70. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广告这种无处不在的营销手段。
【67题详解】
根据下文“Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. （无论是在报纸和杂志或电视或互联网上，它服务于推广广泛的产品。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告的作用。A项：Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.（广告是向公众提供信息的一种手段。）符合语境。故选A。
【68题详解】
根据上文“Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. （广告始于古希腊的叫卖员，他们叫卖市场上可买到的商品的名称。）”和下文“The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.（第一次印刷广告出现在1480年的英国，报纸广告开始于1648年。在二十世纪，广播和电视的发明为广告开辟了广阔的新领域。）”可知，本段主要在介绍广告的历史发展进程。C项：Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.（古埃及人把公告刻在石头上。）符合语境。故选C。
69题详解】
根据下文“But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.（但它们的受众非常广泛。这使得它们对广告商来说是值得的和划算的。报纸广告可以以优惠券或信息为特色，可以剪切和保存。杂志经常直接吸引特殊群体，如体育迷或青少年。其他形式的广告包括直接邮寄，电子邮件，广告牌。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告商会选择使用最适合他们的方式或媒体。E项中的“means”、“media”和下文中的“Newspaper ads ”、“magazines”对应。E项：Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.（广告商使用他们认为最适合他们的方式或媒体。）符合语境。故选E。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies.（两个政府机构，联邦贸易委员会和食品和药物管理局，检查广告，防止虚假声明。邮政服务监视通过邮件发送的虚假广告。州和地方政府也有监督机构。）”可知，本段主要讲述了对于虚假广告的惩罚。D项：Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.（欺骗公众的广告商将面临重罚或其他惩罚。）符合语境。故选D。

IV. Summary Writing (10’)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Biographers (传记作家) gather information from many different sources. Legal documents and personal papers can reveal facts such as a person’s birthplace, income, number of children, and lifespan. Letters or a diary may contain valuable information about the person’s friends and activities, thoughts and feelings. All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
A biographer also checks secondary sources. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her. Secondary sources supply secondhand information, and so a biographer must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the biography to be favorable, while others may wish it to be unfavorable. The biographer must avoid both extremes. The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible. This means the biography should include both good and bad qualities, both accomplishments and mistakes. James Boswell, the author of a great biography of his friend Samuel Johnson, wrote, “And he will be seen as he really was; for I profess to write, not his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect.”
Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards. Ancient records of the deeds of kings and emperors were written to praise and flatter these rulers. Writers of saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were often more interested in the moral message than the events of a life. Many 19th-century biographers did not reveal any improper or embarrassing details of their subjects’ lives. Though they may be interesting or inspiring, these works fail as biographies chiefly because their purpose is to point up a moral rather than describe an individual.
【答案】A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject. As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.) However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传记作家的资料来源以及作为一名合格的传记作家，应该客观、完整、真实地描述主题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
②A biographer also checks secondary sources.
③The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her.
④The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible.
⑤Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully.
However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.（while连接并列的句子）
[高分句型2]
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.)（describing为动名词作宾语）
第II卷
V. Translation (3+3+4+5=15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 沿着丝绸之路旅游是一次多么有趣又有益的经历啊！（汉译英）
【答案】What an interesting and rewarding experience travelling along the Silk Road is!
【解析】
【详解】考查感叹句和固定短语。此处感叹名词experience应用what，构成“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+其他！”；表示“一次多么有趣又有益的经历”短语为an interesting and rewarding experience；表示“沿着丝绸之路旅游”应用动名词短语travelling along the Silk Road，作主语。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为What an interesting and rewarding experience travelling along the Silk Road is!
73. 最令人揪心的是他因伤退役。(upset) （汉译英）
【答案】What was the most upsetting was that he retired because of injury.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、形容词和短语。根据句意，形容词upsetting意为“揪心的”，是多音节词，最高级是“the most upsetting”，结合句子结构，主语是“最令人揪心的”，应该用连接词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，然后用不作成分的that引导表语从句，动词retire，退役，短语because of意为“因为”，后面接抽象名词injury。全句用一般过去时。故翻译为What was the most upsetting was that he retired because of injury.
74. 西湖的景色如诗如画，每个国定假日都吸引成千上万的各地游客。(So) （汉译英）
【答案】So poetic and picturesque/ beautiful is the scenery of West Lake that it attracts thousands of tourists all over the country during every national holiday.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装语序、形容词和动词。根据句意，形容词poetic意为“充满诗情画意的”，形容词picturesque意为“风景如画的”，“如诗如画”可以翻译为“poetic and picturesque或者poetic and beautiful”；副词so位于句首修饰该形容词短语，句子应该使用部分倒装，谓语动词is在主语scenery的前面；动词attract意为“吸引”。全句用一般现在时、故翻译为So poetic and picturesque/ beautiful is the scenery of West Lake that it attracts thousands of tourists all over the country during every national holiday.
75. 又有一颗卫星即将发射的消息得到证实后，大量游客赶往该基地以见证这伟大的时刻，这让附近的宾馆一房难求。(leave) （汉译英）
【答案】After the news that another satellite was about to be launched had been proven, many tourists went to the base to witness the magnificent moment, which made no single room left in the hotels nearby/ which left no single room available in the hotels nearby.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。表示“在……之后”应用after；表示“新闻”应用the news；表示“即将发射的消息”应用that another satellite was to be launched，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the news，此处为过去将来时；表示“证实”应用prove，此处使用过去完成时的被动语态had been proven；表示“大量游客”应用many tourists；表示“赶往该基地”应用go to the base，此处使用一般过去时；表示“以见证这伟大的时刻”应用witness the magnificent moment，此处用动词不定式作目的状语；表示“这让附近的宾馆一房难求”应用which made no single room left in the hotels nearby/ which left no single room available in the hotels nearby，which引导非限制性定语从句。故翻译成：After the news that another satellite was about to be launched had been proven, many tourists went to the base to witness the magnificent moment, which made no single room left in the hotels nearby/ which left no single room available in the hotels nearby.
VI. Guided Writing (25’)
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
光华中学于上月进行了秋季校运会。
作为该校高三学生王鹏，你想写一封信给自己的好友张航，与他分享自己的所见所想。
你的信件必须包含：描述你眼中校运会期间最令人感动或令人兴奋的场景；阐述你选择这一场景的原因。
【答案】Dear Zhang Hang,
Last week we had the school sports meeting on our school sports ground. I’d like to share the experience with you.
All my classmates took an active part in it. Sometimes we watched the sports games closely. Sometimes we gave loud cheers to the sports members. I joined in 200-metre running race. As soon as I heard the starting pang, I tried my best to run faster than others. As I was running, I could hear “come on! come on!” from my classmates. This gave me great strength. Finally I was the first person to get to the finishing line and I was number one. As a result, my class won the first prize in the sports meeting. How proud we were! It was really an exciting day.
I like running in my spare time because it can build up our strength and make us healthy. I think running race is the most exciting item in the sports meeting. If you are involved in a running race, you can get more pleasure.
Yours,
Wang Peng
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给给自己的好友张航写一封信，与他分享校运会期间最令人感动或令人兴奋的场景。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
努力地：try one’s best→do one’s best
快速地：fast→quickly
增强：build up→enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Finally I was the first person to get to the finishing line and I was number one.
拓展句：Finally I was the first person that got to the finishing line and I was number one.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As soon as I heard the starting pang, I tried my best to run faster than others.（运用了as soon as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】
As I was running I could hear “come on! come on!” from my classmates.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）