人教版新目标英语中考复习同步语法复习 8B Units9—10课件

这是一份人教版新目标英语中考复习同步语法复习 8B Units9—10课件，共54页。PPT课件主要包含了现在完成时构成，现在完成时用法，巩固练习，中考链接，课题总结，现在完成时，句型变化，与一般过去时的区别等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语法突破---现在完成时---精讲精练
第七课时 动词的时态（六） 现在完成时
一、现在完成时构成 二、现在完成时用法 三、巩固练习
1.基本结构：have/has + ved(过去分词）They have been in China since 2013.自2013年他们就到了中国。Culd yu tell me where else yu have been ?你能不能告诉我你还去过哪些地方？
2．动词的过去分词形式1）规则动词直接加ed： finish--finished—finished wrk—wrked—wrked 去e再加ed： live--lived—lived 辅音字母加y改y为i，再加ed ：carry--carried--carried在重度闭音节中，最后只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，再加ed stp—stpped—stpped
2）常见不规则动词变化cut（割）--cut--cut hit（打）--hit-- hit hurt 伤害）--hurt-- hurt let（让）--let --let put（放）--put --put read （读）--read-- read cme（来）--came --cme run（跑）--ran –runget（得到）--gt-- gt hld（抓住）--held –heldsit（坐）--sat --sat win （赢）--wn --wn meet（遇见）--met --met keep （保持）--kept–keptfeel（感觉）--felt --felt leave（离开）--left --left
2）常见不规则动词变化spend（花费）--spent --spent buy（买）--bught-- bught think（想）--thught --thught sell（卖）--sld --sld tell（告诉）--tld-- tld find（找到）--fund --fund have/has（有）--had --had make（制造）--made --made say（说）--said– said stand（站）--std --stdbegin（开始）--began-- begun swim（游泳）--swam --swumsing （唱）--sang –sung
2）常见不规则动词变化knw（知道）--knew-- knwn write（写）--wrte-- written speak（说，讲）--spke --spken eat（吃）--ate --eaten fall（落下）--fell-- fallen give（给）--gave-- given take（取）--tk –taken d（做）--did --dne g（去）--went– gne see（看见）--saw --be动词 ( am, is, are )（是）--was, were --been
3. 句式结构： 肯定式 have/has+v过去分词 否定式 haven’t/hasn’t+v过去分词 疑问式 Have yu……? Has he……?肯回 Yes, I have. Yes, he has. 否回 N, I haven’t. N, he hasn’t.句型转换： I have been t Paris. She has gne t the z.一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：对划线提问：变否定句：
4、常与 just（刚刚）, already（已经，用于肯定句）, yet（尚，还），用于否定句疑问句）, ever（曾经）, never（从不），befre （以前），s far（到目前为止,用于句首或句末）in the last/past 10 years（在过去的10年间）等连用,强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续。I have already milked the cw. （我已经挤过牛奶了。）Have yu milked the cw yet? –N, I haven’t dne it yet. / N, nt yet.I have never lst a library bk befre.The wman has never heard f yu befre.S far, we have traveled t the mn.Our hmetwn has changed a lt in the past 5 years.
Quiz 即学即练1、Have yu _____been t Japan?2、 I have _____ finished my hmewrk.3、I have finished my hmewrk ______.4、 I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.5、---He has watched the mvie . ---Neither have I
Quiz 即学即练1、Have yu ever been t Japan?2、 I have already finished my hmewrk.3、I have finished my hmewrk already.4、 I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet.5、---He has never watched the mvie befre. ---Neither have I
5、 have/has been t 去过（现在已经不再该地） have/has gne t 去了（现在不确定在不在该地） have /has been in 一直在（现在可能还在该地）eg. He has ever been t Shanghai befre. 他以前去过上海。They have gne t the West Lake and we dn’t knw when they will return.他们去了西湖，我们不知道他们何时回来。Jim’s parents have been in China fr 20 years.吉姆的父母已经在中国待了20年。
【即学即练】用Have been t, have gne t, have been in 填空 1、Mike and his parents __________ the nrth fr half a year. 2、Mum is nt at hme nw. she _________ the shp. 3、______ yu ever _____ t Kunming ? Never. 4、Where _____ yu ______ these days? 5、Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here fr several days. 6、Where is Peter? I dn’t knw where he ________. 7、Hi Jim! Where _____ yu _____ ?
【即学即练】用Have been t, have gne t, have been in 填空 1、Mike and his parents have been in the nrth fr half a year. 2、Mum is nt at hme nw. she has gne t the shp. 3、Have yu ever been t Kunming ? Never. 4、Where have yu been these days? 5、Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he has been here fr several days. 6、Where is Peter? I dn’t knw where he has gne. 7、Hi Jim! Where have yu been ?
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 eg . It’s s dark. --Smene has turned ff the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) ---Are yu free? --I have finished my hmewrk. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态.可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。常与since + 过去的时间点，fr + 一段时间，s far 等时间状语连用。eg. I have learnt English fr mre than ten years.(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hur ag.(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
3.fr和since的用法区别1) fr+一段时间（句中动词必须是延续性动词）2) since+起点时间（句中动词必须是延续性动词）3) since+一段时间+ag（句中动词必须是延续性动词） e.g. I have taught English fr 9 years (since 9 years ag). He has read newspaper fr 3 hurs (since 3 hurs ag). He has been in his schl since 1999. I have knwn him since 20 years ag (fr 20 years).4) since+从句（从句用过去时态） e.g. I have lived here since I was brn. He has wrked in this factry since he left cllege.
5)短暂性动词若要与表示一段时间的状语连用构成现在完成时have/has been+形容词、副词或介词短语表示。常用的有： jin  be in g t bed  be in bedleave  be away frm get up  be upg ut  be ut pen  be pendie  be dead g there  be thereg t sleep  be asleep fall ill  be illbegin  be n buy  havefinish  be ver brrw  keep
Quiz 选用 fr和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each ther ______ a lng time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ag. 3.The film has been n ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has wrked here ______ he came t China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
Quiz 选用 fr和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each ther fr a lng time. 2.His father has been in the Party since 10 years ag. 3.The film has been n fr 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has wrked here since he came t China. 5.His grandparents have been dead fr several years. 6. It’s five years since we met last time.
4．与一般过去时的用法比较：1) 现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。He has bught an English-Chinese dictinary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bught an English-Chinese dictinary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bught an English-Chinese dictinary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。
2) 时间状语的区别：当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时：这样的词有（ ）I saw the film n televisin yesterday现在完成时现在完成时总是与since+时间点，fr +时间段连用。 They have knwn each ther fr 50 years. Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
一、用过去时或现在完成时填空1. “_________ yu __________ (write) a letter t yur aunt yet?” “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) ne last week.”2. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his hmewrk?” “Nt yet.”3. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abrad?” “Yes, just nce.”4. Yur father _________ just ___________ (finish) his wrk.5. Yur father _________ (finish) his wrk just nw.6. Last term I __________ (learn) many English wrds.7. They ____________ (nt read) the interesting bks yet.8. He _____________ never ____________ (g) t the science museum.
一、用过去时或现在完成时填空1. “Have yu written (write) a letter t yur aunt yet?” “Yes, I have. I wrte (write) ne last week.”2. “Has he finished (finish) his hmewrk?” “Nt yet.”3. “Have they ever been (be) abrad?” “Yes, just nce.”4. Yur father has just finished (finish) his wrk.5. Yur father finished (finish) his wrk just nw.6. Last term I learned (learn) many English wrds.7. They haven’t read (nt read) the interesting bks yet.8. He has never gne (g) t the science museum.
1.（21湖北恩施）Thanks t the use f 5G technlgy, ways f cmmunicatin _____ a lt.A．imprves B．has imprved C．have imprved2.（21河北）William _____ six bks, and all f them are bestsellers.A．will write B．is writing C．has written D．was writing3.（21湖北武汉）— What gd bks did yu read recently?— I ________ Tales f China since last year, and nw the third time.A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read4.（21江西）—Hw d we turn n the ven?—I _____ yu, weren’t yu listening?A．tell B．am telling C．will tell D．have tld5.21江苏扬州）—Have yu watched the film Gulliver’s Travels?—Yes, I _____ it during the Spring Festival. What abut yu?A．watch B．watched C．will watch D．have watched
have/has+ved
时态提示词already/yet/ever/befre等
have/has been t、have gne t和have been in
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态.fr 和since
1.have/has been t,have/has gne t与have/has been in（考点讲解详见P120考点1）2.延续性动词与非延续性动词英语中的动词按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两种，非延续性动词也可称为短暂性动词或瞬间动词。在现在完成时态中，有时要将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词，这样才能和时间段连用。转换方法如下：
（1）将短暂性动词转换为“be+形容词或副词”。请看下表：
如：这间商店开门6小时了。The shp has pened fr 6 hurs.(×)The shp has been pen fr 6 hurs.(√)
（2）有的短暂性动词可以转换为意思相同的延续性动词。请看下表：
如：这本书我借了一个月了。I have brrwed the bk fr ne mnth.(×)I have kept the bk fr ne mnth.(√)
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
I bught a ticket yesterday.我昨天买了一张票。(强调我昨天做的一件事是买票)I have already bught a ticket.我已经买了一张票。(强调我已经有票了,无须再惦记票的事了)
1.(20·南通改编)The film festival has lasted (last) fr a week.Yu will have ne mre week t enjy films fr free.2.(20·连云港改编)Over the last ten years,China has made (make) great effrts t green the land.
3.(20·绥化)This nvel is very interesting.My brther has read (read) it three times.4.(20·无锡)He sent me a few messages,but I haven't replied (nt reply) yet as I dn't knw what t say.
5.(20·连云港)Kate has been a member f (成为一名……成员) the dancing club since tw years ag.6.(20·丹东)他自从来到我们学校就教我们物理。 He has taught us physics since he came t ur schl.7.(20·铁岭、葫芦岛)他们做朋友多久了？(汉译英) Hw lng have they been friends?
语法专练( A )1.(20·镇江)—Mum,I want t watch the news abut ur schl.Change the channel,please!—What a pity!It is eight 'clck nw.It _______ fr a been ver B.was verC.has finished D.finished
( A )2.(20·大连)I _______ my CD here and there,but I still can't find lked fr B.lk frC.will lk fr D.was lking fr
( D )3.(20·常州)—Jim,turn dwn the music.Our baby is sleeping.—Dn't wrry.He _______ fr half an up B.has wken upC.was awake D.has been awake
( D )4.(20·河北)I'm s glad that I _______ nearly half f the test finish D.have finished
( C )5.(20·昆明)Since 1989,Prject Hpe _______ millins f yung peple frm pr families achieve their dream f ging t help helped D.is helping
( D )6.(20·凉山)—It's 20 years since we came back t Liangshan.—Hw time flies!We _______ in ur hmetwn fr such a lng wrked D.have wrked
( D )7.(20·日照)—Let's g fr a walk.—But I _______ my wrk 't finish B.wn't finishC.didn't finish D.haven't finished
( C )8.(20·孝感)S far,the number f peple using 5G mbile phnes _______ a increasing B.are increasingC.has increased D.have increased
( C )9.(20·宿迁)—D yu knw Sunshine Twn very well,Mr Chen?—Sure.I _______ here since I was lived lived D.lives
( C )10.(20·安徽)—The air here is much fresher than befre.—Exactly!We_______ a lt f trees in the past few B.were plantingC.have planted D.will plant
( D )11.(20·北京)We _______ each ther since I came t Beijing,but we send emails very 't see B.didn't seeC.wn't see D.haven't seen
( D )12.(20·包头)Crn prductin _______ nearly 125 percent ver the past 25 years in jump D.has jumped
( C )13.(20·泰州)Sme primary and secndary schls _______ winter sprts t their curses since Beijing wn the right t hst the 2022 Winter Olympic B.will addC.have added D.were adding
( C )14.(20·天津) —The bk is ppular. yu_______ it yet?—Yes,I ;reading B.Were;readingC.Have;read D.Will;read