人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 1 知识点

                     Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?1. Where did you go on vacation?Where 构成特殊疑问句：where +did+主语+使用动词原形+其他？   Where did you buy the nice picture?on vacation_在度假______________on duty_____值日___________on sale___在出售________________go on vacation ___去度假________________take/ have a vacation________休假___________summer/ winter vacation______寒/暑假_________ 2. visit   及物动词看望/拜访某人 _______________参观/游览某地________________visitor ____________名词：访问，参观，（常和介词to连用）This is my first visit to China. 3. anyone（复合不定代词） 任何人（=anybody）常用于否定句或疑问句中  复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。  Is anyone watching the football match in that room?辨析：anyone, any oneanyone只能指代人，不可指代物，并且后面不可解of短语any one既可指人，又可指物，表示任何一个，后可接of短语Anyone in our class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs. 拓展： 不定代词（指人）：someone; anyone; no one; everyone       不定代词（指地点）：somewhere; anywhere; nowhere; everywhere       不定代词（指事情）：something; anything; nothing; everything练习： ---Sally, I have _______ exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon.       ---Great.       A. anything        B. something              C. everything        ---Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last a week.       ---_______ is impossible(不可能的). He studies really hard online this term.       A. Anything        B. Nothing         C. Everything        D. Something 4. buy  过去式___________     过去分词____________  buy sb. sth=buy sth. for sb.   给某人买某物  My mother bought a bike for me.  =________________________________ 拓展： 可接双宾语的动词：give, tell, sell, bring等       give sb.sth= give sth. to sb.       tell sb. sth= tell sth. to sb.       sell sb. sth= sell sth. to sb.       bring sb. sth= bring sth. for sb. 5. 照相，拍照：take photos   给某人拍照：take photos/a photo of sb. 6. 辨析：quite a few, quite a little, quite a lot of, quite a lotquite a few相当多，不少修饰可数名词复数quite a little许多，相当多修饰不可数名词quite a lot许多，大量相当于代词的用法quite a lot of许多，大量修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词He will stay here for quite a few weeks.There is quite a little fish in the river.There are quite a lot of flowers in the garden.---Did you see any students right now?---Yes, I saw quite a lot. 7. 辨析：a few, few, a little, little 修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定含义（一些，少量）a fewa little否定含义（几乎没有）fewlittleThere are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any at once.I can only speak a little French .There is little rice in the bowl. 8.How did you like……? 你认为……怎么样？同义短语：How do you feel about……?          What do you think of…….? 9. go 短语合集  go shopping__________________         go climbing _________________  go hiking_____________________         go fishing___________________  go camping___________________         go boating__________________  go skateboarding_______________         go surfing__________________  go sightseeing_________________         go skating__________________  go swimming__________________         go skating__________________ 10. nothing to do 没什么事可做   There is nothing to do, so I go out to play. 11. but连词___________I have no choice but to arrive late.介词____________There is on one but me here.连词______________He feels very tired, but he still keeps working. 12. seemseem (+to be) +名词或形容词   好像…….    I gave my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry then.seem to do sth.    好像/似乎做某事    Tom seems to know everything.It seems/ seemed that…… 好像/似乎………..It seems that she doesn’t have much choice.It seems as if……      看起来像/仿佛…….It seems as if it is going to rain. 13. arrivearrive +地点副词（here/ there/ home/…..）到达…..He arrived there late again.arrive in+地点名词（大地方，如国家，省，市等）arrive at+地点名词（小地方，如机场，商店，广场，村庄等）We arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the train station very early. 14. decidedecide (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事I decide not to go shopping this afternoon.decide +疑问词+动词不定式   决定….做某事He can not decide when to leave.decide +宾语从句    决定…..I can’t decide where I should go.decide on sth 就某事做决定Did you decide on a date for the wedding?   make a decision  做决定   make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 15. try及物动词   尝试（名词/代词/动词ing）； 设法；努力(to do)She is trying my bicycle.不及物动词    尝试；努力I don’t think I can do it, but I’ll try.名词     尝试have a try 试一试 辨析：try to do sth, try doing sthtry to do sth尝试做某事不一定付出很多努力try doing sth尽力做某事付出一定的努力设法完成The boy tried making a model plane.He tried to carry the basket. 16. feel like感觉像 （后接名词，代词，动词ing）I feel like a fish in the sea.想要    （后接名词，代词，动词ing）feel like doing sth= want to do sth= would like to do sthDo you feel like taking a walk in the park with me?=__________________________________________=_______________________________________________ 17. wonder及物动词    想知道；琢磨  (相当于want to know)I wonder why things are the way they are.不可数名词    惊讶；惊叹She looked at me in wonder.可数名词     奇迹，奇观After visiting the seven wonders of the world, I’m full of wonder. 18. enjoyenjoy sth  喜欢某事物enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself 玩得开心（have fun/ have a good /great/ wonderful time） 19. 感叹句What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数!What an interesting book!What +形容词+复数名词！What beautiful flowers!How +形容词/副词！How beautiful she is!20 different                               difference   the difference(s) in……  在….方面的不同   the difference(s) between ….and…    …..和…..之间的不同    at the top of  在….顶端（在某一点上）   on （the） top of   在….顶端（在某一面上） 21. wait for sb./sth 等待某人/某事   wait (for sb) to do sth.  等待（某人）做某事   can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事Someone is waiting for you to play chess.They waited and waited, but no one came. 22. over多于；超过 ；在….以上（表数目/程度）相当于more thanMy mother is over 40 years old.在….之上（与物体垂直且不接触，反义词为under）There is a map over the blackboard.从（某物的）一边到另一边There is a stone bridge over the river.通过I heard the news over the radio.遍及They are popular all over China. 23. 辨析: too much, too many, much tootoo much太多修饰不可数名词修饰动词，作状语too many太多修饰可数名词复数much too太修饰形容词或副词Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.We have too much work to do.You’re walking much too fast. 24. hard副词     大量地（说明雨雪下的大，相当于heavily）It rained very hard yesterday.副词     努力地Tom works hard and gets good grades.形容词   困难的  （相当于difficult）The problem is very hard. 25. because 后接句子   because of 后接短语，不可接句子Because of the heavy rain, we had to stay at home.I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 26. as副词     像…..一样,如同Lily sings as well as a singer.介词     作为；当作He worked as a teacher for 10years.连词     按照， 如同You must do everything as I told you.连词    当….的时候As the students were talking, Mr. Wang came in. 27. forgetforget to do sth 忘记做某事（未做）forget doing sth 忘记做某事（已做）同样用法：remember, regretDon’t forget to close the window.I forget closing the window. 28. so….that…. 如此…以至于….. (so是副词，修饰形容词或副词)He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.   so that  以便，为了   He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the early bus. 29. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事   tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事    go on doing sth/go on with sth 继续做某事   keep doing sth 继续做某事，一直做某事    up and down   上上下下，来来回回   in surprise  惊奇地   in danger 处于危险之中   in silence 沉默地 30. come down  下降   come out  出版， 出来，开花   come over 进来   come true实现   come up with 想出（主意）   come along 进展，一起去