第02讲：Unit 1 The Changing World（句式）（教师版）学案

Unit 1 The Changing World句式精讲精练 【句式精讲】What about you?What about…？=How about …？意为“……怎么样？”，是一个用来提建议或者征求别人意见的句式，有时也可以用来询问某人的身体状况或者近况。其中的about是介词，因此后面要跟名词，代词或者动名词来做宾语。例如：How (What) about the fruit? 那水果呢？How (What) about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样？How (What) about your holiday? 你的假期怎么样？How (What) about your mother? 你妈妈怎么样？2. I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.(1) been是be动词的过去分词形式。(2) have been to是现在完成时形式，一般与already, ever, never连用。例如：     He has never been to Paris. 他从未去过巴黎。【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析：(1)“have/ has been to + 地点”表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了。例如：      I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。(2)“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例如：      He’s been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。(3)“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“到某地去了”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如：    — Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？    — She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。3. To help others makes us happy.make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：        What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。       We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。【拓展】make作使役动词，还可后接省略to的动词不定式，即：make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。        They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。4.China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up.since为介词，意为“自从”，通常连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago，谓语动词一般用现在完成时。例如：      She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。      She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。【拓展】since还可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：    I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。    I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。5.Chinese people have had more time to spend on various kinds of leisure activities.spend可指花费时间和金钱，其主语为人，常用句型为：主语+spend +“时间或金钱”+on sth.或in（可省略 ) doing sth.
I spend five minutes on breakfast every day. 我每天花五分钟的时间吃早餐。He spent an hour writing the letter. 他写这封信花了一个小时。【拓展】句型It takes somebody some time to do sth意为“花费某人一段时间做某事”， take 是动词，意为“花费（时间）”。
It took me forty minutes to do my homework yesterday.
昨天我花了40分钟的时间做作业。
　It takes half an hour by bus to go to the hospital.
　坐车去医院要花半个小时的时间。6. They used to be, but the city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.used to do sth是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.你过去常常不喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。【拓展】(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。7.Thanks to the policy, China is developing quickly.thanks to意为“幸亏……；多亏……；由于……”，to后接某人或某物，不表达感谢的含义，而是表达原因，有时可以与because of或with the help of互换。例如：Thanks to John’s kind help, we finished early. 多亏约翰的好心帮助，我们才早早完成。【拓展】(1)“Thank sb. for…”意为“为……而感谢某人”，也可表达为“Thanks for…”。例如：Thank you for your help. = Thanks for your help.感谢你的帮助。(2)“Thank sb. for doing sth.”或者“Thanks for doing sth.”意为“感谢某人做了某事”。例如：Thank you / Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么漂亮的礼物。  (3) thank可以用作名词，意思是“谢谢”，常用复数形式。例如：     Many thanks. 多谢。8. So do I.(1) So do I 是一个倒装句，它的结构是：So＋助动词、情态动词、联系动词＋主语，它的意思是“某人也是这样、某人也是如此”。表示后面的主语所发生的动作和前面句子的主语发生动作一样。助动词、联系动词和前面句子的时态、本句子的主语保持一致。例如：My mother was watching TV at that time. So was my father. 我妈妈那个时候在看电视，我爸爸也是。(2) 如果前面的句子是否定句，后面的句子表示“某人也是这样”，用Neither/Nor代替So。例如：－My brother doesn’t like swimming. －Neither/Nor do I. 我弟弟不喜欢游泳。我也是这样。 【句式精练】I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。英汉互译。1.I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句)Have you _____ the film _____?2.They have brought us very good news. (改为感叹句)_____ _____ _____ they have brought us!3.—Have you ever met each other before? (作否定回答)—_____, _____.4.She’s never late for school. (改为现在完成时)She _____never _____ late for school.5.I’ll not go there unless you go with me. (同义句转换)I’ll not go there _____ you _____ go with me.6. My father used to play cards. (改为否定句) My father ______ _______to play cards. 7. How do you like the film?(同义句转换) _______do you _______ ________the film?8. I have been here since I came here two years ago.(对划线部分提问)_______ ________have you been here?9. As a matter of fact, he is always ready to help others.（同义句转换）_______ _______, he is always ready to help others.10. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.（同义句转换）The boy is young look after himself.II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.这个女孩从未去过上海。The girl____________________________ Shanghai.2.汤姆忙于帮助妈妈做家务，他没有时间和你玩。Tom is ______________his motherhousework, he has no time to play with you.3.中国的人口是多少？_____________________of China?4.她非常喜欢唱歌。李磊也是。She likes singing a lot. ______________Li Lei.5.我不知道这个男孩发生了什么事。I don’t know _____________________the boy.6.实际上，它是一个帮助无家可归的人的组织。____________________________, it is a program that helps homeless people.7.你不该离开，最好亲自看看。You shouldn’t leave. _______ _______ see it for yourself.8.她来北京3年了。She_____________________ Beijing for three years.9.他们力争让流浪儿童重新过上正常的生活。They______________make homeless children return to a normal life.10.大多数人因气候寒冷而生病。Most people are sick ______________the cold weather.III.补全对话。（2021 安徽中考）根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Brian: Hi, Cindy.1Cindy: Hi, Brian.  It is nice to see you and somany old classmates.
Brian: So it is.  2  
Cindy: You're right. It's really a long time.
Brian: Did you see the old photos on the wall?Cindy: I sure did.  3   Brian: But those are some great memories.
Cindy: Hey!  4   Brian. Yes, it is. I remember he used to stay upall night studying.
Cindy:  5   Brian: Yes. He was the only one left in the classwhen he woke up.
Cindy: That was really funny.A. What happened?B. Long time no see!C. Who took these photos?D. Isn't that John over there?E. We looked so funny in them.F. I can't believe it's been ten years.G. And then he would fall asleep in class.1. _________2. _________3. _________4. _________5._________ 【参考答案】I.句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1. seen, yet  2.What good news   3.No, never    4.has, been   5.if, don’t6. usedn’t to 7. What, think of  8. How long     9. In fact      10.too,toII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1. has never been to  2.busy helping / with 3. What’s the population  4. So does5.what happened to  6. As a matter of fact  7. You’d better  8. has been in9.aim to 10.because ofIII. 补全对话。1-5  BFEDG   Unit 1 The Changing World综合能力演练 I. 单项选择。1.The Greens _____ China for seven years.A.have come to  B.have been to  C.have come in  D.have been in2.It’s necessary for you _____ exercise every day.A.taking    B.to take   C.take    D.takes3.Xi’an is a city with many places of interest and _____ tourists come here every year.A.thousand of  B.thousand  C.thousands   D.thousands of4.This is the most beautiful park I have _____ visited.A.ever   B.yet  C.never    D.already5.Now most families have only one child _____ our country’sone-child policy.A.so    B.because  C.because for   D.because of6.—It seems _____ you like to work with children.—Yes, they are so lovely.A.that    B.what   C.to     D.as7.In our class _____ of the students _____ girls.A.third fifths; is  B.third fifth; are C.three fifth; is  D.three fifths; are8.Our teacher told us that light _____ much faster than sound.A.traveled   B.travels   C.is traveling   D.was traveling【真题链接】1. Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the train.（2021 西城一模）    A. but    B. so    C. and    D. or2. — Mum, where is Dad? （2021 北京中考）— He ____ flowers in the garden now.     A. planted       B. plants         C. will plant         D. is planting 3. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on  side of me. （2021  杭州中考)    A. either   B. both   C. other   D. allII. 阅读理解。ADear readers,Imagine a little girl who knows there will not be enough food for dinner, who can’t fill her stomach with water because it’s polluted (被污染), and who has watched lives slipped away (消失) from her father, little brother and sister because the family is too poor to see a doctor. She would gladly walk miles to school, but her mother needs her badly (非常) at home. What will her future be?Is it hard to believe? For Maria Pestora, it is real life.But with just 52 pennies a day, you can sponsor (资助) a child like Maria. Through“Save the Children”，you can help Maria’s mother get the tools and ways she needs to turn their poor food into a good dinner, and get the money she needs to buy clothes and school things for Maria.To help Maria most, your money is put together with that of other sponsors. Building schools, hospitals, bringing in clean water is what“Save the Children”has been working on since 1932.For you there are many rewards. You have the chance to write to or hear from the child you sponsored, to receive photos or progress reports, to know you are reaching out to another person, not with a handout (救济品), but a hand up. That’s how “Save the Children” works. But without you, it can’t work. Please take a moment now to fill in and post the form below to help a child like Maria.It can make a difference in his/her life and yours.For the childrenDavid Li Guyer1.We can read the letter in _____.A.somebody’s diary      B.a piece of newspaperC.a progress report      D.a story book2.What’s Maria’s most serious problem?A.She has no chance to go to school.  B.Her father died of a serious disease.C.Hard work has made her suffer a lot.  D.Her mother needs her badly at home.3.What is “Save the Children”?A.An activity to help poor children go to school.B.An office of the government to collect money.C.A program shown at theaters to help the poor.D.A group who works for children in poor places.4.The last sentence in the letter means“_____”.A.If Maria goes to school, you will be rewardedB.What you give is more than what you takeC.Both Maria’s life and yours will change a lotD.Maria and you can help each other at school5.Which activity is similar to “Save the Children”?A.English Corner    B.Project HopeC.The Summer Camp    D.Job TrainingB （2021  杭州中考)    Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.    Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.    Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.    You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame（责备）themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.    For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget — if you are shy, you are not the only one.6. What is the passage mainly about?   A. Happiness.       B. Shyness.       C. Kindness.       D. loneliness.7. What does the underlined word “genetic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?   A. Passed down from parents.           B. Learned from friends.   C. Taught by teachers.                 D. Made up by brothers.8. What can be learned from the passage?   A. Most little babies are born shy and quiet.   B. If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.   C. Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.   D. Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.9. We can learn from the passage that _______ may cause shyness.   A. genetics, grown-ups and birthplace   B. genetics, family size and birthplace   C. family size, grown-ups and failure    D. genetics, family size and freedom10. Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by______.   A. blaming their failure on outside reasons   B. trying new things and practicing conversation   C. getting themselves away from their shy parents   D. trying to understand reasons for their shyness11. Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage? (P=Paragraph) III.书面表达。请根据提示写一篇题为The Population Problem的短文。（80词左右）提示：1.人口问题是当今世界上最大的问题之一；2.中国是世界上人口最多的国家；3.如果人口增长过快，将会带来许多严重问题（请举例说明）；4.我们应继续执行计划生育政策，以控制人口增长。【答案与解析】I. 单项选择。1.D。for seven years前面要用延续性动词。has been to到过某地；have been in在某地； come是非延续性动词，后面不可接表一段时间的短语。2.B。本题考查It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 这一结构。3.D。thousand前有具体数字时，不加s。当它加s时，与of搭配成固定结构，表示“成千上万”。4.A。ever 曾经，never从来没有，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。5.D。so, because是连词，so连接结果状语从句，because连接原因状语从句，而because of后面一般接名词，代词，动名词或者what引导的从句。6.A。本题考查句式It seems that … 表示“似乎……”。7.D。本题考查分数的表达法，其结构是分子为基数词，分母为序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s。本句的主语是可数名词复数，谓语动词要用are。8.B。宾语从句陈述客观事实/真理，应用一般现在时态。故选B。【真题链接】1. D。根据句意“快点儿，否则你将错过火车。”可知，答案为D， or在此意为“否则”。2. D。本题考查时态。根据时间状语now可知用现在进行时，所以答案为D。3. A。either表示“两者之一”，后加单数名词，而both后+复数名词，意为“两者都……”，故选A。II.阅读理解。A1.B。这是一封倡议书，应该是出现在报纸上面。2.A。由文章第四段“To help Maria most, your money is put together with that of other sponsors. Building schools, hospitals, bringing in clean water is what“Save the Children”has been working on since 1932.”可推断得出。3.D。由第三段文字“…you can sponsor (资助) a child like Maria. Through“Save the Children”，you can help Maria’s mother…”可推断得出。4.C。make a difference意为“有影响； 起（重要）作用”。只有C项与最后一句是同义。5.B。A项指英语角，B项是希望工程，C项指夏令营，D项指岗位培训，只有B项符合题意。B6. B。通览全文，本文主要讨论了害羞问题，分析了造成害羞的原因以及克服办法。故选B。7. A。根据第二段中“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.”可以推断出答案。8. C。根据第三段中“They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.”可推知答案。9. B。根据第二、三、四段分别讨论了形成害羞三种原因可知正确答案。10. B。根据第五段中“They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.”可知答案。11. A。通览全文，本文提出人类害羞的问题，然后用三段分析了形成害羞的三个原因，最后提出了如何克服害羞的建议。各段结构关系与答案A相符。III. 书面表达。参考范文：The Population ProblemThe population is one of the biggest problems in the world today. China has the largest population with 1.3 billion. It’s about one fifth of the world’s population. A large population causes many difficulties, not only for every family, but also for the whole nation. It has become a serious problem. In many less developed areas, some parents prefer boys to girls. As a result, many girls can’t go to school.I think we should do something to control the population. One answer is known as the one-child policy. It has worked well in controlling China’s population.