第03讲：Unit 1 ——现在完成时（教师版）学案

　                    现在完成时【概念引入】欣赏含有现在完成时的名言：Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说，冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself. 在自然赋予我们知识的种子，而非知识本身。现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是：助动词have（has）+过去分词构成的。I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。现在完成时的否定句：是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。I haven’t seen the film so far.  到目前为止，我还没有看那部电影。现在完成时的一般疑问句：是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。Have you seen the film yet?  你看过那部电影了吗？ 【用法讲解】一、现在完成时的定义及用法（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven’t started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。二、现在完成时的定义及用法（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。I have been here for just over two years.  我到这里才两年多。He has worked here since 1989.  从1989年，他就在这里工作。1） 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have等。2）使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。如：for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：We have known each other since we went to college.    自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了。3）非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。如:  come→be,   come to→be in / at,   go out→ be out,   leave→be away, begin→be on,   stop→ be over，   buy→ have,     borrow→ keep, open→be open,  close→be closed,    join→be a member of,   die→be dead,  catch a cold→have a cold,   get to know→know,  become a teacher →be a teacher,   fall asleep→be asleep,    fall ill→ be ill等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系：1）都表示过去发生的事；2）现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3）一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）。He had his breakfast at 6:00. （一般过去时）      他六点钟吃的早饭。He has had his breakfast.（现在完成时）他吃过早饭了。四、have gone to， have been to与have been in 的用法比较have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。They have gone to England, and they will go back next week. 他们去英国了，下周回来。Mr. Green has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中国呆过好多年了。Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去过两次。五、重点句型:
It is/ has been+段时间+since从句
段时间+has passed+ since从句举例：他死了两年了。（可用多种句式表达）He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.  【巩固练习】I. 单项选择。1．She__________ English for 3 years．A．studied        B．studies        C．has studied          D．is studied2．She_________ up at six every morning．A．gets             B．got            C．is getting          D．will get3．—Where is Lucy？—She_____________ to New York．A. goes           B．has been          C．has gone         D．have gone4．I heard the boy __________in the classroom just now．A．to shout          B．shouting            C．shouts          D．shouted5．Mr Zhang __________ in Beijing since 1990.A．work          B．works         C．worked         D．has worked[真题链接]1. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office?（2021年龙岩市中考）— No. He       for half an hour.A. left            B. has left          C. has been away2. — Is Miss Green in the office? （2021年武汉市中考）— No, she ____ to the library.A. goes   B. had goes  C. has gone  D. would go3. — A new shop ____________ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.（2021年鄂州市中考）— Good idea. But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays.A. opened; opened     B. has been opened; openC. has opened; opened D. has been open; openII. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary ____(lose) her pen yesterday. 2. ____ you ____ (find) your watch yet?3. —Are you thirsty?—No, I ____ just ____ (have) some orange.4. We _____already ____ (return) the book.5. _____ they ____ (build) a new school in the village?6. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year.7. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month.8. How long ______ you ______(know) him?9. Li Ping and Wu Dong ______(see) the old man three times.10. _____ she ever _____(teach) you English?III．用for或since填空。1. He has lived in Nanjing ______ two years ago.2. I’ve known him ______ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.4. She has been away from the city _______ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years ______ she left the city.IV．阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。I am an American boy. I came to China two years ago. I         (study) here for two years. My father often         (take) me           (play) football on the playground.    Last week I          (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys       (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind when I        (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must be Mr. Brown. He          (take) photos.” We           (enjoy) that day. We          ________(go) back to America next week. 【参考答案】I. 单项选择。1．C。for后接一段时间状语，表示她学英语已三年了。study是延续性动词，用现在完成时态，故选C。2．A。从句中可以看出“她每天早晨6点钟起床”，应为一般现在时态，主语又是第三人称单数，“she”，故选A。3．C。 从题干可以得知，有人在找Lucy，说明Lucy不在说话的地方，而是去纽约了，故用have/has gone句式，且三单作主语，所以选C。4．B。在表感官动词hear后接动词-ing形式，表示“听到某人正在做某事”，应选B。5．句中“自从1998年以来”一直延续到现在，所以用现在完成时。所以选D。[真题链接]1. C。句意：—贝贝，陈先生在办公室吗？—没有，他出去一个小时了。因为题中说道“他出去一个小时了”，所以到应该用延续性动词，故选C。2. C。句意：—格林老师在办公室吗？—不在，她去图书馆了。本题考查动词的时态。由语境可知她去图书馆了，现在还没回来，故选C项。3. D。本题意为：—这附近有一家新开了一周的店，我们去看一下吧。—好主意，但是周一不开门。本题第一空应该用延续性动词，第二空在助动词后面，应该用动词原形。故选D。II. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. lost    2. Have, found   3.have, had   4.have, returned  5. Have, built 6. has been   7. have studied   8. have，known  9. have seen  10. has，taughtIII．用for或since填空。1.since  2.since  3.for   4.for  5.sinceIV．阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。have studied；takes; to play；was taken；jump；was walking；is taking；enjoyed；will go