第04讲：Unit 2 — Saving the Earth（词汇）（教师版）学案

Unit 2 Saving the Earth
词句精讲精练

词汇精讲
1. pollute
pollute为及物动词，意为“污染，弄脏”；pollution为pollute的名词形式，意为“污染”，是不可数名词。例如：
We should not pollute our rivers with waste. 我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。
Pollution is a big problem. 污染是个大问题。
【拓展】含pollution的习惯用语：
air pollution 空气污染
noise pollution 噪音污染
2. although
although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】although与though的辨析：
(1) 用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：
Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
(2) although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：
It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。
(3) 在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如：
He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
3. none
(1) none意为“没有，都不”，表示全部否定，可指人或物，常与of 连用，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可，接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。常回答how many/much的问句。例如：
— How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
— None. 一个也没有。
None of us likes her. 我们当中没有一个人喜欢她。
【拓展】no one; none与nothing的辨析：
词语
意义
用法
no one
没有人，泛指，只代人，不代物
回答who的提问
none
（三者或三者以上）没有（人或物），常用of结构
回答how many/how much
nothing
没有什么，指物，表泛指
回答what的提问
例如：
No one/Nobody told you to go. 没有人告诉你走。
None of them came back. 他们当中没人回来。
I knew nothing about that. 关于那件事我一无所知。

4. hope
hope意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式，即：hope to do sth. 意为“希望(自己)做某事”；若表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope + that从句，不能用hope sb. to do sth.的结构。例如：
I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。
I hope to go to Tibet some day in the future. 我希望将来有一天去西藏。
【拓展】hope与wish的辨析：
(1) 相同点：表示“想；希望”，宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：
I hope/wish to visit Guilin. 我希望去桂林观光。
(2) 不同点：wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope则不能。例如：
I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。
I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。
(3) 两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我真的富有。
(4) wish后可接双宾语。例如：
We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！
5. discover
discover是动词，意为“发现”，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及that从句等。例如：
We never discovered how to open the box. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开这个盒子。
【拓展】
(1) discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：
China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。
(2) find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如：
I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。
(3) find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：
Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。
(4) invent意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：
Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。
6. too much
too much意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。例如：
I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。
【拓展】
too much / too many / much too的辨析：
词语
词形
特点
too much
形容词短语
后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语
too many
形容词短语
后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语
much too
副词短语
后跟形容词或副词
例如：
Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。
There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。
It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。
7. something useful
something useful意为“有用的事情”，形容词useful作后置定语修饰不定代词something。形容词修饰不定代词，常放在不定代词之后，即形容词作不定代词的后置定语。例如：
There is nothing new in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。
Do you have anything important to tell me? 你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗？
He heard something interesting outside today. 今天他在外边听到了一些有趣的事。
【拓展】
(1)不定代词作主语时，相当于第三人称单数。例如：
Something is wrong. 某东西有问题。
(2) 常见的不定代词还有：anything; nothing; somebody; someone; anybody; nobody; no one等。
8. need
(1) need作实义动词，意为“需要”。常用搭配为need sth.或 need to do sth. 例如：
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生。
He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车。
(2) need 当作情态动词时，只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。可表示为need do sth.，否定形式为 need not do sth. 例如：
Need I finish my homework now? 我需要现在完成作业吗？
He need not go there by car. 他没必要开车去那里。
9. without
without是介词，意为“无，没有”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。without构成的介词短语具有否定含义，在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如：
I can’t do it without your help. 没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。
He went to school this morning without having breakfast. 他今天早上没吃早饭就去上学了。
10. how long
(1) how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：
How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？
(2) how long还可用来询问长度。例如：
How long is the river? 这条河多长？
【拓展】
词语
词义
用法
答语特征
how long
多久
询问时间多久
for/about+一段时间
How often
多久一次
询问动作的频率
often, twice a week等
how soon
多快，过多久
询问时间多快
in+ 一段时间
how far
多远
询问距离多远
ten minutes’ walk
how many
多少
询问可数名词数量
数词+可数名词复数
how much
多少
询问不可数名词数量
数词+表示量的词+不可数名词
多少钱
询问价格
数词+钱

11. while
(1) while 作连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如：
He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。
(2) while作连词，还可意为“而，然而”，强调动作的对比。例如：
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我爱喝茶，而她爱喝咖啡。
(3) while作名词，意为“一会儿，片刻”，常用于after a while中，表示“过了一会儿”。例如：
After a while, she came to herself. 过了一会儿，她苏醒过来了。
【拓展】while; when与as的辨析：
(1) while强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如：
Could you look after my dog while I’m away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？
(2) when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换；若when作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when，并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。
试比较：
When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.
当外星人出来时，小女孩在购物。
We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。
(3) as多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边……一边……”。例如：
They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。
12. as a result
as a result为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。例如：
He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。
【拓展】as a result与as a result of的辨析：
(1) as a result意为“因此，结果”，后面指事情的结果。例如：
He worked hard at his study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.
他在学习上很刻苦，结果他很容易地通过了考试。
(2) as a result of意为“由于”，后跟名词或代词，相当于because of。例如：
He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪，他迟到了。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. too much __________________ 2. by the way __________________
3. see a doctor __________________ 4.最好做某事__________________
5. be harmful to __________________ 6. quite a few __________________
7. need to do sth. __________________ 8. something useful __________________
9. instead of __________________ 10. 面临许多困难__________________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1.The chemical factories ________ (生产) terrible gas.
2. Each year people pour________ (废物) into rivers, lakes and so on.
3.There are ________ (几个) students reading books over there.
4. Loud noises can cause high b________ pressure as well.
5. First you must dig a h________ before planting a tree.
6. When the sun r________, everything is bright.
7. As we know, ________ (无一人) of us likes pollution.
8. A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only _____ (沙子).
9. A________ we have built the Great Green Wall, we still need to work hard to protect the environment.
10. She has been to Berlin for 3 years and she can speak G________ very well.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Look, there is a bird ________ (sing) in the tree.
2. The bad air makes my chest hurt and it’s difficult for me ________ (breath).
3. They are doing their homework carefully. You’d better not ________ (disturb) them.
4. Litter ________ (influence) the look of our city.
5. It is known that smoking does great ________ (harm) to us.
6. These tin bottles were collected for________ (recycle).
7. In some countries such as India, shaking the head means ________ (agree).
8. In my hometown, we have ________ (reuse) some waste things for producing energy again.
9. ________ (nod) your head if you agree with me.
10.The earth is ________ (shake), and there must be an earthquake (地震).
IV. 听力链接。
（2021 北京东城一模)
听独白，记录关键信息。本段独白你将听两遍。
请根据所听到的独白内容和提示词语，将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
A summer course
What to learn
design 1
Where to stay
at a 2
When to learn
from 3 15th to 22nd
How to book
on the website www.teengames.net
How much to pay
$ 4
What to bring
a 5 of yourself and your student card

参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 太多 2. 顺便提一下 3. 看医生 4. had better do sth. 5. 对……有害
6. 相当多 7. 需要做某事 8. 有用的东西 9. 而不是 10. face many difficulties
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. produce 2. waste 3. several 4. blood 5. hole 6. rises
7. none 8. sand 9. Although 10. German
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. singing 2. to breathe 3. disturb 4. influences 5. harm
6. recycling 7. agreement 8. reused 9. Nod 10. shaking
IV. 听力链接。
答案：
1. computer games 2. hotel 3. July 4. 300 5. photo
原文：
This is a fantastic summer course. It’s especially for the kids who would like to spend time on computer games in an air-conditioned room. But you won’t be playing computer games—this course teaches you to design them.
You will get the chance to learn from two top game designers, Mike Jones and Mel Wilson from the company Star Games. They will teach you how to use different computer programs and create games yourself.
Sounds cool, doesn’t it? Kids on the course will stay at a hotel with a gym, a great dining hall and of course, computers.
We’ve decided to increase the length of the course this year. Last year, it was five days, and this year the course is from July 15th to July 22nd. So it’s three more days than last year.
We only have places for twenty-two people. Please hurry up and book your place on the website www.teengames.net! The cost is only $300! You can pay online.
And when you do come for the course, don’t forget to bring a photo of yourself and your student card.



Unit 2 Saving the Earth
词句巩固练习

I. 单项选择。
1.— How long ________ you ________ here?
— For about two years so far.
A.have; studied B.did; live C.do; stay D.were; swimming
2.We have known each other ________ ten years ago.
A.for B.ever C.about D.since
3.There is ________pollution in the world. We must stop it.
A. much too B.too much C.many too D.too many
4.The boss made child laborers ________12 hours every day.
A.working B.works C.work D.to work
5.________ the environment is important for human beings.
A.Take care of B.Taking care of C.Took care of D.Take the care of
6.When I was walking in the street yesterday, I saw a UFO ________ over my head.
A.flying B.flies C.flew D.to fly
7.—Would you like to have ________?
— No, thank you. I’ve had enough.
A.anything more B.something moreC.more anything D.more something
8.The driver was badly hurt ________ of the traffic accident.
A.at a result B.in the result C.with the result D.as a result
9.This washing machine is very easy to use. ________ can learn to use it in a very short time.
A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Few people
10.None of us ________ running, but we all like swimming.
A.likes B.liked C.liking D.would like to
【真题链接】
1. A dog will love you faithfully and bring you ______ happiness for years. （2021沈阳中考)
A. lots of B. many C. a little D. a few
2. — Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge? （2021沈阳中考)
— Yes. She ______ it two years ago.
A. visits B. visited C. has visited D. was visiting
3. Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture ______ he came to China.（2021安徽中考)
A. before B. when C. until D. since
II. 完形填空。
Today we can see that many people are cutting down the trees in the forests. A lot of 1landshave become deserts. If we read newspapers, we’ll learn that the forests on the earth are getting smaller 2. We are cutting down large numbers of trees 3 we need wood and farmland. Some scientists say that there will not be any great forests 4 20 or 30 years.
What will happen if the forests disappear? A lot of plants will die and the animals will 5their homes. In many places the new farmland will soon look 6 the old desert. Crops will not grow there. There won’t be enough 7, and the weather will get hot and dry. If the climate of the earth changes, life will be 8 for everyone. Our living environment will become 9. More and more rich farmland will disappear. We will suffer a lot from both droughts (干旱) and floods.
It’s our duty 10 the forests well. Everyone should try his best to make a contribution (贡献) to taking care of the forests. Stop cutting down the trees and make the world greener!
1.A.low B.rich C.lonely D.high
2.A.on time B.all the time C.in time D.no time
3.A.or B.so C.because D.but
4.A.in B.at C.on D.with
5.A.find B.build C.lose D.decorate
6.A.like B.up C.at D.out
7.A.snow B.sunshine C.wind D.rain
8.A.easy B.hard C.happy D.interesting
9.A.better and better B.worse and worse C.bigger and bigger D.more and more
10.A.to do B.do C.to protect D.protect
Ⅲ. 阅读理解。
A
Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable(一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers.
Many guests like the idea because they don’t have to bring their own. But if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring these things of your own. That’s because some hotels in Beijing have no longer provided guests with these disposables (一次性用品). Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It’s a waste of natural resources (资源) and is very bad for the environment.
In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of lunch bowls every year!
Plastic can take 100 to 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw away, the better environment we will have.
So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again. Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life:
Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones.
After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then use it over and over again.
Do not use paper cups.
At your school canteen (餐厅), use your own bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。
1.Many guests like to use disposable things because they are veryconvenient (方便的).
2.Some Beijing hotels have no longer provided guests with free TVprogrammes.
3.Plastic breaks down easily.
4.After using a plastic bowl or a bag, we’d better throw it away, because it’s too dirty to use again.
5.We should use less plastic things and protect our environment.
【真题链接】
B
（2021 十堰中考)
From my father I have learned a lot. And I’m very thankful to him. I remember when I was a child my father always got up very early, quietly putting on his clothes and going off to work. To arrive in time to open his tiny store at 8:30, he needed to leave our apartment at 6:30. After all, he had to take a bus and then the subway. The last journey was a long walk through a neighborhood much of which was full of the smell of rubbish. I learned: it is very important to work. No excuse.
When I was 12, I would, on some Saturdays, go to my father’s store to help out. After helping set up the outside clothing display, for the rest of the day, I’d watch to make sure no one stole anything. When I noticed someone looking unusual or strange, I would look the person in the eye, smile and say, “May I help you?” Usually that worked, but sometimes, someone would run off with something. The first time, I ran after the thief but my father shouted, “Martin, stop! There is no need to do that.” It’s true that safety is more important than money.
After 10 years of hard work, he saved up enough money to buy his first car, a cheap one—he wouldn't buy one until he could afford to pay for it without borrowing money. I learned: buy only
what you can afford. Buying necessary food and clothing won't make us go in debt(债务).The
unnecessary things won't give us happiness, which comes from achievement only.
6. What shop did the author’s father own?
A. A bookshop. B. A coffee shop. C. A clothing shop. D. A food shop.
7. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The author ran after thieves many times. B. The author thanked his father a lot.
C. The author’s father worked very hard. D. The author’s father made some money.
8. All the following are talked about in the passage EXCEPT.
A. the importance of working B. the good ways to keep healthy
C. that safety comes before money D. that it’s bad to spend more than you make
9. According to the author, what usually makes people go in debt?
A. To rent a house for the family. B. To send their children to school.
C. To enjoy something unnecessary. D. To buy enough food for the family.
10. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to live a happy life. B. What makes a person successful.
C. The help the author got from his father. D. What the author learned from his father.

【答案与解析】
I. 单项选择。
1.A。“for+一段时间”是现在完成时的标志词，故选A。
2.D。现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间，往往用for，since短语来表示。for+一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句，所以根据ten years ago选择D项。
3.B。much too 后接形容词、副词；too many 后接可数名词复数；too much后接不可数名词，pollution 是一个不可数名词，故选B。
4.C。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
5.B。动词（组）作主语，应用其动名词-ing形式。
6.A。see+宾语+doing，表示“看到某动作正在进行”。
7.B。不定代词带定语要后置，本句是用来表达邀请的，所以不定代词仍用something，而不用anything。
8.D。本题考查固定短语as a result (of)。
9.B。根据题意“这台洗衣机容易操作，任何一个人在短时间内都能学会使用它”，anybody任何人，因此，选择B项。
10.A。none of sb./sth. 意为“没有一个，毫无”，其后动词一般用单数，此句是一般现在时，故选A。
【真题链接】
1. A。句意：“一只狗会忠实地爱你并且给你带来 ______ 快乐很多年。” A项 lots of“许多”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词；B项many“许多”，只能修饰可数名词；C项a little“一些”，只能修饰不可数名词；D项a few“一些”，只能修饰可数名词，happiness是不可数名词，根据句意可知答案选A。
2. B。句意：“——玛丽去过塔桥吗?” “——是的。两年前她去过。” two years ago是过去时间，一般与一般过去式连用，故选B。
3. D。句意：“自从Rick来到中国，他已经学到了很多中国文化。before在……之前；when
当……时候；until直到……为止；since自从。由时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在
完成时可知设空处用since，引导时间状语从句，故选D项。
II. 完形填空。
1.B。本句话的含义是许多良田已经变成了沙漠。B项的rich表示“肥沃的，富饶的”，其他各项都不符合。
2.B。on time 按时；all the time表示“一直，始终”；in time 及时；no time不是固定短语，根据题意选择B项。
3.C。本句前后两部分从语义上看构成因果关系，所以选择C项。
4.A。“in+时间”表示将来的一段时间内，用将来时态。
5.C。森林消失，导致许多植物消亡，动物失去家园。故选C项。
6.A。look like 看上去像；look up 查找；look at 看；look out 小心，分析题意，A项符合题意。
7.D。根据后一句中的get hot and dry来理解此处是缺雨。
8.B。气候变坏了，生活对每个人来说将会是艰难的。所以选择B项。
9.B。根据上下文推断森林消失，气候改变，我们的居住环境将会变得越来越糟。
10.C。根据“It’s+adj./n.+to do sth.”这一固定结构，可知答案，句意为“保护环境是我们的责任”。故选C。

III. 阅读理解。
A
1.T。由第二段的“Many guests like the idea because they don’t have to bring their own.”可知答案。
2.F。根据“…some hotels in Beijing have no longer provided guests with these disposables.”可知答案。
3.F。根据“Plastic can take 100 to 400 years to break down.”可知答案。
4.F。从After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then use it over and over again.中得知“最好扔掉它”是错误的。
5.T。这是本篇文章的作者所发出的呼吁，因此是正确的。
B
6. C。由第二段的第二句话：After helping set up the outside clothing display, 在帮助父亲在外面服装展示，可知，父亲拥有的一家服装店。
7. A。由第二段的倒数第二句The first time, I ran after the thief but my father shouted, “Martin, stop!可知，作者并不是经常追小偷，作者只提及了那一次并且还被父亲制止了。
8. B。由第一段的最后一句话I learned: it is very important to work.可知A中文章已经提及到；由第二段的最后一句话：It’s true that safety is more important than money.可知C项文中有提及到；由最后一段的倒数第二句话I learned: buy only what you can afford. Buying necessary food and clothing won’t make us go in debt(债务).可知D本文也有涉及到，故答案为B。
9. C。由文中的最后一段中的倒数后两句话Buying necessary food and clothing won’t make us go in debt(债务). The unnecessary things won’t give us happiness, 购买必需的食品和衣服不会让我们陷入债务。不必要的东西才不会带给我们幸福，可知答案选C。
10. D。本文主要写了在作者成长中父亲交给他一些道理，所以本文主要讲述了作者从他父亲那里学到了什么。故答案选D。