【高中英语语法大全】高中定语从句课件(80张PPT)

这是一份【高中英语语法大全】高中定语从句课件(80张PPT)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Part 1，关系词的三个作用，介词+关系代词，Part 2，难点分析，做题技巧，Part 3，Part 4等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.相关概念2.关系词的选用3.介词+关系代词
限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句
①that/which②that/wh
①先行词是 way/time/reasn②与其他句型的区别
1.定语、先行词、关系词、定语从句2.关系词的确定（关系代词r关系副词）3. 介词+关系代词
Attribute (定语)
1. He is an hnest by.2. We lve ur cuntry.3. What’s yur telephne number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.
用来修饰或限定名词或者代词
She is a girl wh is beautiful.
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。相当于一个形容词。（句意：“……的”）
引导定语从句的词。I knw the man wh lives next dr.
被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句
1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一 个成分。
定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句
普通代词和关系代词的区别
I have a sister. She wrks in Shanghai.I have a sister wh/that wrks in Shanghai.
普通的人称代词，指代前文的sister.
关系代词，指代前文的sister又起到连词的作用，连接了两个句子。
典例剖析 1. （填空）Catherine invited abut 50 peple t her wedding, mst f _______ are family members.2. (改错) The principal tld the students abut being n time, and mst f wh gt him. _______
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
that、wh(m)、whse、as
that、which、whse、as
关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系词在从句中充当状语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man (that) I tld yu abut.
The man that visited ur schl is frm Canada.
一、关系代词的用法---that
This is the present (that) Jhn gave me fr my birthday.
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recrder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.
一、关系代词的用法---which
一、关系代词的用法---wh/whm
The man (wh) I talked with is ur teacher.
A persn wh steals things is called a thief.
The man (whm/wh) I’m lking fr t is Mr. Li.
一、关系代词的用法---whse
Miss Smith is the teacher whse huse caught fire last year.
指人，作定语,后接n.
She is lking fr a bk whse cver is red .
指物，作定语,后接n.
=She is lking fr a bk f which the cver is red . =she is lking fr a bk the cver f which is red.
注意：whse+n. 指物时：f which+ the+n.=the+n.+f which
指人时：f whm+ the+n.=the+n+f whm
关系代词（wh, whm, which, that, whse）的指代关系
1.The nurse is kind. 2.The nurse lks after my sister.
The nurse wh/that lks after my sister is kind.
照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。
那个善良的护士照顾我的妹妹。
The nurse wh/that is kind lks after my sister.
1.The girl is frm America.
2. I called her just nw.
The girl (whm/that/wh) I called just nw is frm America.
我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。
我刚才叫了那个来自美国的女孩。
I called the girl that/wh is frm America just nw.
他正在看一本名叫《飘》的书。
They’re talking abut the film (which/that) I’ve seen. I have seen the film (which/that) they're talking abut.
他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。
我看过那部他们正在讨论的电影。
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词为time, day, mrning, night, week, year, mment, perid, age等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。例：
I remembered the day when I arrived in this big city.
我记得我到达这个大城市的那一天。。
二、关系副词的用法---when
when 作时间状语，意为 n the day, 可用n which代替
where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词（如place, spt, street, huse, rm, city, twn等）外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词（如jb, life, situatin, pint, case, stage, activity等），可用“介词+ which”替代。例： I went back t the place where I was brn and grew up.
我回到了我出生、成长的地方。
二、关系副词的用法---where
where 作地点状语，意为in the place,可用in which替换
why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reasn，在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词fr+ which”替代。例： Please give me the reasn why yu were late this time.
请给我这次你迟到的理由。
二、关系副词的用法---why
why作原因状语，意为fr the reasn,即fr which
Sum up:关系副词的指代关系
特别提醒：hw不能引导定语从句。
Tday is March, 12th , n which peple get tgether t plant trees !This is the huse , in which I lived tw years ag.That is the reasn, fr which she asked fr a leave.
n which,在从句中作时间状语，可直接用关系副词when
in which,在从句中作地点状语，可直接用关系副词where
fr which,在从句中作原因状语，可直接用关系副词why
关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语
关系副词在从句中作状语
并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词时都用when, where, why。在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析定语从句所缺的成分。若从句缺主语、宾语、定语、表语，就用关系代词；若从句缺状语，就用关系副词。
The terrible accident happened n the day _________ my father left fr America, a day _________ we’ll never frget.解析：句中有两个先行词，都是day, 第一空所填词在从句中作时间状语，所以填when；第二空所填词在从句中作宾语，所以用that/which,也可省略不填。
【特别提醒】遇到类似的题目，考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语；不及物动词后如有介词，可加宾语，如无介词，则应用关系副词。
试比较：I will never frget the days_______________ I spent with my grandmther in the cuntryside. I will never frget the days __________ I spent my summer hliday in the cuntryside.
spend是vt.从句缺宾语，先行词放回从句作宾语，应用关系代词which/that.
虽然横线前后都是完整的句子，但明显有内在关系，the days放回后面的句子做时间状语，所以找关系副词when, 既能指代前面先行词在从句中作状语，又能起到连词的作用。
试比较：Put the bk back t the desk ________ thers can easily find it.Put the bk back t the desk _________ Jhn mved in.
先行词在从句中作地点状语
先行词在从句中作mved的宾语
再比较：Nbdy believed the reasn ___________ he put frward in the meeting. The reasn ______ he didn't want t attend the meeting is still unknwn.
先行词the reasn 在从句中作put frward 的宾语
先行词the reasn 在从句中作状语
确定关系词的步骤1.先找先行词;2.看先行词指的是人还是物;3.看关系词在从句中充当的句子成分。（作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语）
定语从句考点：关系词的选用
1.This is the museum _______ my mther wrked 10 years ag. (wrked in the museum 地点状语) This is the museum _________ was built in 1950. (the museum was build) （museum 主语）2. July 1, 1921 was the day ________ ur Party was funded (成立). (ur Party was funded n the day 作状语） July 1, 1921 was the day _________ we will nt frget. （we will never frget the day作宾语）
练习：选择合适的关系词
3.The huse ________ we’re ging t visit was built a century ag. (visit the huse) The huse _________ used t be a temple is a schl nw. (the huse used t be a temple) The huse _________ he used t live was flded. ( he used t live in the huse)4.The bx ________ he put his phts is gne. (he put his pht int the bx) The bx ________ he is carrying is heavy. (he is carrying the bx)
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 用法 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时, 从句常常由 “介词+关系代词”引导2. 结构 先行词是人用 “介词+whm/whse” 先行词是物用 “介词+which/whse”e.g. The schl in which he nce studied is very famus.
The girl abut whm we are talking is a dctr.
我们正在谈论的那个女孩是个医生。
他曾经上学的学校非常著名。
在这个结构中，关系代词不可选that或wh
介词+关系代词: 介词的选择
1. 根据先行词来确定介词
He will never frget the day n which he failed in the exam.
n the day在那天
1949 was the year in which the was funded.
fund in this year
2.根据从句的谓语动词或形容词固定搭配确定
He is the persn frm whm I learn a lt.
learn frm sb.向某人学习
The West Lake, fr which Hangzhu is famus, is a beautiful place.
be famus fr因…..而闻名
3. 根据整个句子的句意确定介词
Air, withut which man can’t live, is really imprtant.
… withut air…
We had supper at six 'clck, after which I went t see my uncle.
after 表示“在这之后”
①介词与先行词的关系
②从句谓语动词或形容 词的固定搭配
③整个句子表达的意义
1. Cpper is ne f the metals we are mst familiar. A.t which B.with which C.where D.which 解析：sb be familiar with sth= sth be familiar t sb答案: B
The farm we wrked ten years ag isn’t what it used t be. He is the man yu can turn fr help. This is the tree we used t play games.
under which
n the farm 在农场
turn t sb. fr help 向某人求助
under the tree 在树下
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.This is the car ____which I g t wrk every day.This is the car ______ which I can’t g t wrk.
1.有些含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开, 介词仍放在后面,如: lk fr, lk after, lk frward t, take care f等e.g. The baby whm the nurse is lking after is very healthy. 2. 在“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句中，介词不能移到从句的后面
There are many ccasins ________ which yu are left in a helpless situatin, ________ which yu can depend n n ne ther than yurself.解析：句意：很多时候你处于无助的境地，在这种情况下，除了自己，你谁也倚靠不了。第一空，此处用n which引导定语从句修饰ccasins，n many ccasins表示很多时候；第二空，此处用in which引导定语从句修饰situatin，situatin表示抽象地点，其前常用介词in。答案: n; in
3. 当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。 4. 在限制性定语从句中，介词位于从句末尾，关系代词that/which/wh/whm作介词的宾语时可省略。 Is this the pen with which yu wrte the letter?= Is this the pen (that/which) yu wrte yur letter with?这就是你写信用的那支钢笔吗？
1. “介词+关系代词”前还可有不定代词(sme, any, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each等), 数词, 百分数, 或形容词最高级修饰。 She has tw sns, bth f whm are dctrs.2. 介词短语+关系代词（which,whm,whse） They arrived at a farmhuse, in frnt f which sat an ld man.
3. 单个介词+关系代词（which,whse）+名词
e.g. Our English teacher, with whse help we have made great prgress in English, has cmpleted thirty years f teaching.
4. whse引导的定语从句, 关系代词whse可替换为 “the+名词 + f + which/whm”或 “f which/whm + the + 名词”e.g.
I live in the huse whse rf is red.
= the rf f which is red.
= f which the rf is red.
1.D yu knw wh lives in the building ______ there is a well? A.in frnt f it B. in frnt f whse C.in frnt f which D.in frnt which2.I’ll never frget the day____I jined the League. A.n which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The wman_____my brther spke just nw is my teacher. A. wh B.t whm C.t wh D whm
4.Jeanne was her ld friend,____she brrwed a necklace. A.frm wh B.frm whm C.t that D.t whm5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell t the grund and brke its leg. A.which B.with which C.withut which D.that6. Many cuntries are nw setting up natinal parks ______ animals and plants can be prtected. A. when B. which C. whse D. where
7. Please pass me the dictinary ______ is black. A. cver f which B. which cver   C. f which the cver   D. its cver8. D yu knw the reasn____he was late? A.that B.which C.fr what D.fr which9. I have bught tw ballpens,____writes well. A.nne f which B.neither f which C.nne f them D.neither f them
= the cver f which
10. The Secnd Wrld War_____millins f peple were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.n which11. China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River is the lngest. A.which B. in which C.amng which D. ne f which12. This is the very knife_____I used t cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
例如：My sister, wh is twenty, wrks in a bank. 我的姐姐，30岁，在银行工作。（从句可省，意思仍完整） He tre up my pht, which made me very angry. 他撕掉了我的照片，这让我很生气。 （先行词除了是名词、代词之外，还可以是整个句子）
例如：This is the huse where the artist was brn. 这就是那位艺术家出生的房子。（从句不可省，否则意思不完整）
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。如：
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
修饰限制只可修饰先行词
补充说明可修饰先行词或主句
不可省略且不能用that , why 引导
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
有时，同一个定语从句，是限制性的还是非限制性的，在意义上可能有一定的差别。如： Mr Zhang has a sn wh likes t play ftball. (限制性定语从句) 张先生有一个喜欢踢足球的儿子。（可能还有别的孩子，不喜欢踢球） Mr Zhang has a sn, wh likes t play ftball. (非限制性定语从句) 张先生有一个儿子，喜欢踢球。 （只有这么一个儿子）
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因
wh, whm, thatwhich, thatwhse, f whichwherewhenwhy
在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that。要用fr which代替why.I had tld them the reasn, fr which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。
1. This city, ______ lies in the nrthest and ______ I spent my childhd, has been ne f the cuntry's busiest prts since the 1950s.
2. They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
3. She and her family bicycle t wrk, _______ helps them keep fit.
总结：无提示词，且空前是名词，空后为缺少主语的从句，由此可判断填从句引导词
总结：定语从句有逗号，无that.
总结：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为物时，不可用that. 第二空后的定语从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，故填where
定语从句的关系词只有9个：
whse(f which/whm)
whenwherewhy
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the , , 等结构。如：Here are such questins as are ften asked by the cllege students.这是些大学生们常常问的那类问题。（as作主语）This is the same cmputer as I have bught.这台计算机和我买的那台一样。（as作宾语）I have never seen such kind f girl as she is.我从未见过像她这样的女孩。（as作表语）Here is s easy a questin/such an easy questin as everyne can answer.这个问题很容易，谁都能答得上来。（as作结果状语）
【比较1】I live in the same huse that he used t live in. （同一间房子） I'm wearing the same shirt as yu wre yesterday. （相像的，不是同一件T恤）【比较2】Here is s big a stne as n ne can lift. （as作宾语，引导定语从句） 这里有一块大石头，谁也抬不动。Here is s big a stne that n ne can lift it.（that引导结果状语从句，从句不缺成分） 这块石头太大，以至于没人能把它举起来。
2. 非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可插入主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开，意为“正如...”, “就像...”。常用于以下结构：as we all knw, as is knwn t all,as is it, as is said abve, as already mentined abve, as is usual, as is ften the case, as is reprted in the newspaper, as we had expected等。如：
As we knw, China is famus fr its Fur Great Inventins.
=China，as we knw, is famus fr its Fur Great Inventins.
=China is famus fr its Fur Great Inventins, as we knw. 众所周知，中国因其四大发明而闻名。（as在从句中作宾语）=As is knwn t all, China is famus fr its Fur Great Inventins.（as在从句中作主语）=It’s knwn t all that……
易混关系代词的辨析：as/which
1. 位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。2. 含义及其后行为动词的语态不同as引导的非限制性定语从句通常意为“正如”，而which通常表示“这一点”。关系代词在从句中作主语时，as后常接行为动词的被动语态，如as is knwn, as is reprted等；若从句为主动语态，一般用which。eg: She is absent again, as is expected. 正如所预料的那样，她又缺席了。 Tm has made great prgress, which makes me very happy. 汤姆取得了很大的进步，这使我很高兴。3. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被the same, such修饰时，其后的定语从句常用as来引导而不是which.
3. ______ is knwn t all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybdy in the ffice.
as\that\which1. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift.2. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift it.
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句，形成such/s…as , the same …as结构时，as在定语从句中应充主语、宾语或表语。而引导的是结果状语从句，其后接完整的句子。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。而which一般位于先行词后,意为“这一点，这件事”，相当于“and this/that”。
当主句中出现such 或s 时,看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语:
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as；不缺用that
(2)当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物
They are such beautiful pictures as drew many peple's attentin.
They are such beautiful pictures that they drew many peple's attentin.
This is the same bk as I read last week. (表示同类)这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。This is the same (=the very) bk that I read last week. (表示同一)这就是我上周读的那本书。
1. He is such a lazy man_____ nbdy wants t wrk with______. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whm; him2. Mrs. Black tk the plice back t____ place ____ she witnessed the rbbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
3. [语法填空]I have never perfrmed such a task _______ yu've aked me t d.
【典例剖析1】She is ______ gd dctr that everyne wants t see her. A. such a B. a such C. a very D. s
【解析】修饰单数可数名词时，such a adj+n=s adj/adv a+n.如果是复数n/不可数n，用such；但只有adj/adv时，应用s。若遇few, little(少), many, much等词时，优先选s.
【典例剖析2】He ffered _______ valuable advice that _______ peple disagreed. A. such; a few B. such; few C. s; a few D. s; few
【解析】few 意为“几乎没有”；a few意为“有一些”。such词性为adj, 要修饰n; 而s词性为adv,要修饰v,adj,adv。
1. that/which的区别 2. that/wh的区别
易混关系代词的辨析：that/which
1.当先行词指事、物时，只用that,不用which 的情况：①. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时；eg: The first thing that yu shuld d is t make a prper plan.②. 先行词是不定代词；或被every/ all/ few等数量形容词修饰时；eg: Is there anything that I can d fr yu? ③. 当先行词既有人又有物时；④. 先行词是 ne f···、 the ne; 或被 the nly/right/very 修饰时；eg: This is the nly thing that I am after.⑤.当主句已有which和wh(m)时；eg: Wh that had seen the sight culd ever frget?⑥. 当先行词既有人又有物时；eg: He talked abut the peple and things that he saw in the passage.
指物时，一般可互换，但这些情况不行！
2.当先行词指事、物时，只用which, 不用that的情况：①. 在非限制性定语从句中eg: Chen He and Ella turned ut t be the adpted children, which astnished all the ther players. ②. 在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中eg: This is the rm in which he lives.③. 先行词为that时 eg: What’s that which is under the desk?
1.He talked a lt abut things and persns ________they remembered in the schl.A. which B. that C. whm D. what答案：B
2. My friend shwed me rund the twn, ______ was very kind f him.A. which B. that C. where D. it答案：A
3. The mst imprtant thing____ we shuld pay attentin t is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that
1. Is this factry _____ sme freign friends visited last Friday. A. where B. that C. which D. the ne【解析】改成陈述句：This factry is ____(that) sme freign friends visited last Friday. 定语从句缺少先行词和关系词，所以要先补一个先行词，关系词that在从句中作宾语，可省略。2. Is this the first factry _____ sme freign friends visited last Friday. A. that B. the ne C. where D. which【解析】改成陈述句：This is the first factry ______ sme freign friends visited last Friday. 先行词factry被序数词first修饰时，只能选A3. Is this factry the ne_______ we met each ther fr the first time.
易混关系代词的辨析：that/wh(m)
1.当先行词指人时，只用wh, 不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从句中eg: Li Chen is a charming man, wh appeals t many fans.2. 在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中, 只用whmeg: Huang Xiaming is the lucky man with whm Baby gt married.3. 当先行词是everyne/ all/ ne(s)/thse/ nbdy 等不定代词时eg: Thse wh want t get ut f the rm must wrk ut the prblem n the paper.4. 在there be 句型中eg: There was a persn wh had been secretly appinted as a spy. 5. 当指人的先行词被指物的名词修饰时eg: There is nly ne student in the schl wh I want t see.6. 当定语从句中有插入语时，且先行词为人eg: Jacksn is a man wh I believe is hnest.
The Safe Rm was the nly place ______ they wuld g t.Anyne _______ gave a wrng answer wuld be punished.The first city _______ they went t was Hangzhu.Which is the key _______is matched t the lck?The land is knwn fr a histrical site with beautifully clred walls, n ______ are painted the events f the past.
1.先行词是way/time/reasn 2. 与其他句型的区别
1. 先行词是表原因的名词reasnThe reasn (which/that) he tld me fr his being late is that he gt up late. （作主语、宾语等，用which/that）The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.（作原因状语，用why）2. 先行词是timetime作“次数”讲时，应用that; 作“时刻”,“一段时间”讲时，若在从句中作状语，应用when(=at/in/during which)，若作主语、宾语, 则用that/which.This is the secnd time (that) the president has visited the cuntry. There was a time when/during which there were n radis r TV sets.
1.先行词相同，关系词不同
3. 先行词是way若关系词在从句中充当”in+which”式的方式状语，可用that代替in which，或省略；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分，则用that或which.①It must be the way (that/in which) yu write that leads t yur ugly handwriting. （关系词做方式状语，可用that代替in which,或省略）一定是你写字的方式导致了你难看的字迹。②The way (that/which) yu came up with at the meeting yesterday is wellwrth trying. (关系词做宾语，用that/which，或省略)昨天你在会议上提出的方法很值得一试。
All _____ we need is t be supplied with fd and clthing. A. what B. that C. which D. whm2. I dn’t like the way____ yu speak t her. A. that B. in that C. where D. which
① 定语从句与并列句并列句有and, but, s, r等并列连词或分号连接各个分句。这种情况下，不可再用引导定语从句的关系词I have three cars, nne f _________ is in gd cnditin. (非限制性定语从句)I have three cars, but nne f __________ is in gd cnditin. (but并列句)② 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制作用。同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词进行补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容。The suggestin (that) he came up with is practical.(定语从句，做宾语, 可省)He gave me the suggestin that we shuld read alud every day.(同位语从句，不做成分，不可省)
③ 定语从句与状语从句 when,where和why引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构替换，引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the schl where (=in which) I nce wrked. (定语从句) Put back the bk where it was. (状语从句) 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉之后从句成分不完整；而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不做任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting bk as we all like. (as引导定语从句，做从句的宾语) It is such an interesting bk that we all like it. (that引导结果状语从句，不充当从句成分)