人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit习题，共13页。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Sharn, Aged 22
The mst imprtant thing t keep in mind when ging int high schl is t be yurself. Besides, I dn’t knw what yur middle schl was like, but high schl teachers will nt care abut things such as hw much hmewrk yu already have in ne night. It’s best t just learn t deal with things and manage yur time wisely s yu can achieve everything yu need t.
Frank, Aged 21
I think almst every kid feels bth nervus and excited befre their first day. Yu will prbably lve it. I knw I did. Yu shuld jin in sme sprts r activities that will make yur high schl experience mre enjyable. Gd luck!
Eddie, Aged 20
When I started high schl I was really nervus t, especially since I had been hme-schled all thrugh middle schl and didn’t really knw anyne. I suppse the best advice wuld be t just relax. The first cuple f days can be a little bit hard, but things will becme easier befre yu knw it.
David, Aged 19
I am nt ging t lie. The first day is kind f frightening. But yu’ll get used t it. Dn’t be afraid f anyne; upperclassmen will pick n yu mre if yu let them knw yu’re afraid. Just take it easy. Making sme friends and staying with them will greatly help yu get used t high schl quickly. After the first week it’s really nt bad at all. Dn’t wrry.
【语篇概述】本文介绍了四个人回忆自己刚上高中的情景, 并就高中生活给出了自己的建议。
1. What can we infer frm Sharn abut high schl?
A. Teachers are quite strict.
B. Students ften stay up at night.
C. Teachers prvide little care fr students.
D. Students shuld make gd use f their time.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It’s best t just learn t deal with things and manage yur time wisely s yu can achieve everything yu need t. ”可知, Sharn认为在高中阶段要学会处理事情, 学会合理安排时间, 故选D。
2. Hw did Eddie feel n his first day f high schl?
A. Excited. B. Bred.
C. Wrried. D. Relaxed.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I started high schl I was really nervus t. . . ”可知, 当Eddie刚开始上高中的时候很紧张, 很担忧。故选C。
3. Wh mentins the imprtance f friends?
A. Frank. B. David.
C. Sharn. D. Eddie.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Making sme friends and staying with them will greatly help yu get used t high schl quickly. ”可知, David认为交朋友很重要, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
A lecturer was giving a lecture t his students n stress (压力) management. He 1 a glass f water and asked the audience, “Hw 2 d yu think this glass f water is? ”
The students’ answers ranged (变化) 3 20g t 500g.
“It des nt matter n the abslute 4 . It depends n hw 5 yu hld it. If I hld it fr a minute, it is OK. If I hld it fr an hur, I will have a pain in my right arm. If I hld it fr a day, yu will have t 6 an ambulance (救护车). It is exactly the 7 weight, but the lnger I hld it, the 8 it becmes. ” The whle audience became silent, lst in thught.
After a mment, the lecturer cntinued, “ 9 we carry ur burden (负担) all the time, sner r later, we will nt be able t carry n with the burden becming increasingly heavier, t heavy fr us t bear.
“What yu have t d is t 10 the glass, rest fr a while 11 hlding it up again. ”
As is shwn in the stry abve, we have t put dwn the burden peridically, s that we can be refreshed and are able t carry n.
S befre yu 12 hme frm wrk tnight, put the burden f wrk dwn. Dn’t carry it back 13 . Yu can pick it up tmrrw.
Whatever burden yu are having nw n yur 14 , let it dwn fr a mment if yu can.
Life is shrt; 15 it!
【语篇概述】我们一生中有许多的责任要承担, 但是不要让这些责任把我们压垮。一杯水分量不重, 但是如果一直举着, 人们就不能承受。同样的道理, 背负的负担不大, 但是一直压在心头就会让人难以轻松。所以我们要学会放下负担, 享受生活。
1. A. needed B. drank
C. supprtedD. raised
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。need“需要”; drink“喝”; supprt“支持”; raise“举起, 提出”。从下文内容“It depends n hw______ yu hld it. ”可知演讲者举起一杯水, 故选D。
2. A. sweet B. pure C. heavy D. much
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。sweet“甜的”; pure“纯的”; heavy“重的”; much“许多”。根据下句的回答可知演讲人问一杯水的重量, 故选C。
3. A. atB. frmC. withD. between
【解析】选B。考查介词辨析。从句意可知学生的回答从20克到500克不等, range frm. . . t“从……到……不等”。
4. A. heightB. vlumeC. weightD. quantity
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。height“高度”; vlume“体积”; weight“重量”; quantity“数量”。从后文可知演讲者认为一杯水的重量是由人们端着它的时间决定的, 故选C。
5. A. difficultB. lngC. tightD. high
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。difficult“困难的”; lng“长的”; tight“紧的”; high“高的”。根据后文的“but the lnger I hld it”, 故选B。
6. A. callB. inviteC. requireD. ask
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。call“喊, 打电话”; invite“邀请”; require“要求”; ask“问”。从语境可知如果举一天杯子, 那么就会进医院, 故选A。
7. A. rightB. sameC. prperD. usual
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。right“正确的, 右边的”; same“同样的”; prper“恰当的”; usual“通常的”。从上文可知演讲者是说实际重量相同, 但是时间不同, 故选B。
8. A. mreB. lighterC. lessD. heavier
【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。mre“更多的”; lighter“更轻的”; less“更少的”; heavier“更重的”。本句是“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构, 根据上文内容可知此处是指重量, 举杯子的时间越长, 杯子就变得越重, 故选D。
9. A. WhileB. UnlessC. IfD. Since
【解析】选C。考查连词辨析。while“当……时”; unless“除非”; if“如果”; since“自从”。从内容可知演讲人是假设一种情况, 故选C。
10. A. put asideB. put dwn
C. put awayD. put back
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。put aside“把……放在一边; put dwn“放下”; put away“收起, 放好”; put back“放回”。根据空格后面内容可以推断说话人建议人们可以放下杯子, 休息后再重新举起, 故选B。
11. A. byB. frC. afterD. befre
【解析】选D。考查介词辨析。by“由, 被”; fr“为了”; after“在……之后”; befre“在……之前”。在重新举起之前休息一下, 故选D。
12. A. apprachB. clean
C. leaveD. return
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。apprach“接近”; clean“打扫”; leave“离开”; return“归还, 回去(来)”, return hme frm wrk“下班回家”, 故选D。
13. A. cmpanyB. fficeC. hmeD. family
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。cmpany“公司”; ffice“办公室”; hme“家”; family“家庭”。根据上句可知是不要把工作带回家, 故选C。
14. A. bdyB. heart
C. shuldersD. hands
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。bdy“身体”; heart“心脏”; shulders“肩膀”; hands“手”。句意: 不管你现在肩负着什么重担, 如果可以的话暂时把它放下。故选C。
15. A. lveB. likeC. dD. enjy
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。lve“爱”; like“喜欢”; d“做”; enjy“喜欢”。从上文内容可知演讲者建议人们不要总是背负着重任, 要懂得休息, 要享受生活, 故选D。
【技法导练】阅读理解之细节理解题
第一步: 粗读明大意。
对全文通篇速读, 捕捉全文中心思想。
其三个目的:
1. 对文章有一个总的概念和印象, 明确文章主要在讲什么。
2. 了解文章的中心思想和作者的基本观点、立场。
3. 记住文章的信息区间, 比如什么地方是作者的观点, 什么地方是作者所举的例子, 什么地方是作者分析的原因等; 记住一些时间、地点、人名、数字等, 以便再读时查找比对。
第二步: 精读定区间。
根据题干中涉及的特殊信息和细节, 直接从文章中的某一句话或者某一段落中找到相关信息, 并只精读与问题相关的句子或段落, 将区间信息读全读透读明, 与所设计问题仔细比对, 认真思考, 归纳总结, 答案便会水落石出。
1. 直接理解题
做这类题一般采用寻读法, 即先读题, 然后带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题有关的词语或句子, 再对相关部分进行分析对比, 找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息, 确定最佳答案。
典例1 (2018•江苏高考)
Time is mney, but that principle means different things fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places, fine dining shps prefer custmers t stay lnger and spend. One way t encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pp, music was playing, diners spent mre. Fast music hurried diners ut. Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草) stayed lnger and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.
Hw culd a fine dining shp make mre prfit?
A. Playing classical music.
B. Intrducing lemn scent.
C. Making the light brighter.
D. Using plates f larger size.
【解析】选A。根据本段第二句中 fine dining shps prefer custmers t stay lnger and spend 和第四句 When classical, rather than pp, music was playing, diners spent mre. 可知, 高档餐厅更喜欢顾客停留更长的时间继续消费, 当播放古典音乐的时候, 顾客会花费得更多。因此高档餐厅想多赚钱应播放古典音乐。
典例2 (2017•全国卷Ⅱ)
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when Gerge Ry Hill, the directr f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, intrduced us in New Yrk City. When the studi didn’t want me fr the film—it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul—he std up fr me. I dn’t knw hw many peple wuld have dne that; they wuld have listened t their agents r the studi pwers.
Why was the studi unwilling t give the rle t the authr at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studi pwers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famus enugh.
D. The directr recmmended smene else.
【解析】选C。根据“When the studi didn’t want me fr the film—it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul—he std up fr me. ”可知当时电影制片厂不想让作者演这部电影, 是因为作者不够出名, 所以C选项是正确的。
2. 间接理解题
题干对文章中事实细节的陈述采用转换表达方式或用近义陈述的方式间接做出表达的间接细节题, 其答案是无法与篇章中信息直接对应的, 此类题目需要认真领会题干中选项的意思, 并在文章中找到与其相符合的细节, 验证后确定选项。
典例3 (2018•全国卷Ⅱ)
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants(抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries(樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A. They cntain prtein.
B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste.
D. They are rich in antixidants.
【解析】选C。根据倒数第二句As fr cherries, they are s delicius wh cares? 可知樱桃很美味, 对应的是C选项They have a pleasant taste。
3. 数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题
主要分类如下:
(1)运算型: 理解各数据之间的关系并弄清题干所指的具体问题。
(2)选择型: 从四个选项中筛选出与文中细节对应的答案。
(3)转换型: 文中对数字的表达与题目要求的表达方式不同, 如把具体的年份转换为某个世纪。
(4)数值范围型: 文中给出数字范围, 题目要求找出最高(低)值。
典例4
The three ships—the MV Prantalay 11, 12, and 14—had 77 members n bard in ttal. All f them are Thai, the spkesman said. Befre the Sunday rbbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailrs.
Hw many sailrs were held by the pirates up t the time f the reprt?
A. 228. B. 77. C. 383. D. 305.
【解析】选D。由最后一句可知, 在周日的抢劫之前, 海盗劫持了228名船员, 加上这次总计劫持的77名船员, 77 + 228 = 305, 故正确答案为D。
. 阅读理解
Japanese high schl students either walk r ride bicycles if the distance is nt t far. In ther cases, students must take public buses and trains. After junir high schl, students attend high schls based n their high schl entrance examinatin scres. S sme students travel a lng distance t attend the schl.
◆_____
The schlday begins at 8: 30. Then students assemble in their hmerm classrms fr the day’s studies. Each hmerm has an average f 40-45 students. Students stay in their hmerm classrms fr mst f the schlday. Only fr physical educatin, labratry classes, r ther subjects requiring special facilities (设备) d students mve t different parts f the schl. Between classes and at lunchtime, classrms can be nisy, lively places. Sme schls may have a cafeteria, but mst d nt. In mst schls, students bring a bx lunch frm hme, prepared by the mther in the early mrning hurs.
Japanese high schl students spend 240 days a year at schl, 60 days mre than American students. Students in high schls take three years’ studying f each f the fllwing subjects: maths, scial studies, Japanese, science, and English. Other subjects include physical educatin, music, art, and mral studies. All the students in ne grade level study the same subjects. Given the number f required subjects, electives (选修课) are few.
◆Afterschl activities
Club activities take place after schl every day. Students can jin nly ne club, and they rarely change clubs frm year t year, s the clubs are relatively stable. Clubs are made up f sprts clubs (baseball, sccer, jud, kend, etc. ) and culture clubs (English, bradcasting, science, etc. ). New students usually are encuraged t select a club shrtly after the schl year begins in April. Clubs meet fr tw hurs after schl each day and many clubs cntinue t meet during schl vacatins.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本高中学生的学校生活和课外活动情况。
1. Mst Japanese high schl students ften have lunch ______.
A. in restaurants
B. in schl cafeterias
C. at hme
D. in hmerm classrms
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In mst schls, students bring a bx lunch frm hme”可知, 大多数高中的学生从家里带午饭, 故排除A、C两项; 再根据第二段中的“Between classes and at lunchtime, classrms can be nisy, lively places. . . but mst d nt. ”可知, 学生是在教室吃午饭。故选D。
2. What des the underlined wrd “rarely” in the furth paragraph mean?
A. Always. B. Never.
C. Seldm. D. Often.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“s the clubs are relatively stable”可知, 此处表示学生们很少一年一年地换俱乐部, rarely意为“很少”, 与C项“不常, 很少”意思一致。故选C。
3. Frm the passage we can knw that ______.
A. there are fewer than 40 students in each hmerm in Japanese high schls
B. students must stay in hmerm classrms fr physical educatin
C. there are few subjects fr students t chse except the required nes
D. there will nt be any club activity during schl vacatins
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 日本的高中每班通常有40至45名学生, 故A项错误; 根据第二段中的“Only fr physical educatin. . . d students mve t different parts f the schl. ”可知, 学生上体育课、实验课等是不在教室的, 故B项错误; 根据文章的最后一句可知, 很多俱乐部在假期期间正常活动, 故D项错误; 根据第三段最后一句“Given the number f required subjects, electives are few. ”可知, 除了必修课之外, 学生的选修课很少。故选C。
4. What may the best subtitle fr the secnd and third paragraphs be?
A. At Schl. B. In Class.
C. Subjects. D. Hmerm Classes.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二、三段所涉及的内容(班级规模、在校吃午饭、上学天数、所学科目等)可知, 第二段和第三段这两部分主要讲的是学生在校的情况, 故A项正确。同时正好与第二个小标题“课外活动”相承接。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020·宜昌高一期末)
Grandma called me in frm the yard “Wuld yu please g t the stre fr me? I’m ready t make cakes, and there isn’t enugh yeast (酵母). Take a quarter frm my little change 1 . ” I fund Grandma’s wallet and put the quarter in my pcket.
I was sn in the little general stre that 2 ur farming cmmunity. “Mr Jenkins, ” I said, “Grandma needs sme yeast. ” Mr Jenkins set three cakes f yeast n the cunter. His eyes shne, and he 3 at me. “And what else d yu need? ” I knew what he meant. I was always allwed t pick a penny candy when I came t the stre with Grandma. “Hw much 4 d I have frm a quarter? ” I asked. “Seven cents. ” Mr Jenkins replied. I thught 5 that quickly. I wuld have a nickel and tw pennies back. I was sure Grandma wuldn’t 6 if I spent ne penny, and if she were here, she might even say I culd have them bth. The 7 I lked at the candy display, the mre certain I became that I needed tw pennies’ wrth as a reward fr cming t the stre alne. And I did s.
“Thank yu, ” Grandma said when I 8 the yeast n the table. “Did yu put the change back in my wallet? ” “Yes, Grandma. ” I replied, hurrying ut t the yard. “I hadn’t really lied t Grandma, ” I argued with myself. “I did 9 all the change I had. ”
But I had 10 tw pennies withut Grandma’s permissin(允许). The secnd piece f candy in my pcket didn’t sund like a gd idea any mre. I knew I had lied t Grandma, and I was 11 abut it. Grandma lved me s much that I culdn’t bear t keep anything frm her.
12 Grandma tk the ht cakes frm the ven, I tld her abut the candy. She 13 when I finished my stry. “I knw just 14 yu feel, ” she said. We all feel like that when we’ve dne 15 deceitful(欺骗的). I’m glad yu tld me abut the pennies, and f curse I’ll frgive yu. ” Grandma hugged me tight, and suddenly I felt as thugh a big stne was gne frm my stmach.
【语篇概述】文章讲述了作者去给奶奶买酵母, 然后偷偷用零钱买了两块糖, 没有告诉奶奶, 后来因为对奶奶撒谎感到愧疚, 终于告诉奶奶真相, 奶奶原谅了他, 他感觉心里一块石头落了地。
1. A. handbag B. wallet C. cat D. pcket
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。根据下文的I fund Grandma’s wallet可知是钱包。故选B项。
2. A. gaveB. fferedC. servedD. bught
【解析】选C。词语辨析题。gave给; ffered提供; served服务; bught买。根据ur farming cmmunity可知是服务。故选C项。
3. A. laughedB. shutedC. pintedD. smiled
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据His eyes shne, 和“And what else d yu need? ”可知是对我微笑。故选D项。
4. A. dllarsB. pundC. changeD. cents
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据hw much修饰不可数名词, 排除A、D; 再根据frm a quarter可知是零钱。故选C项。
5. A. asB. tC. utD. abut
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据空前的“Seven cents. ” 和下文I wuld have a nickel and tw pennies back. 可知, 作者在迅速地“考虑”。think abut“考虑”, 故选D项。
6. A. careB. useC. thinkD. like
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据if she were here, she might even say I culd have them bth. 可知是不在意。故选A项。
7. A. biggerB. lessC. lngerD. shrter
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据文意可知作者因为纠结是否买糖, 所以应该是看的时间越长。故选C项。
8. A. laidB. liedC. layD. lain
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。laid安置, 摆放; lied撒谎; lay躺下(过去式); lain躺下(过去分词)。根据the yeast n the table可知是放置。故选A项。
9. A. put utB. put in
C. put backD. put up
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据“Did yu put the change back in my wallet? ” “Yes, Grandma. ” I replied可知是放回零钱。故选C项。
10. A. fundB. spentC. cstD. tk
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。句意: 但是我没有得到奶奶的允许就花了两便士。fund发现; spent花费; cst花费; tk拿走。根据tw pennies可知选B项。
11. A. gladB. unhappy
C. relaxedD. surprised
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据The secnd piece f candy in my pcket didn’t sund like a gd idea any mre. I knew I had lied t Grandma可知对奶奶撒谎, 让作者不高兴。故选B项。
12. A. SinceB. ThughC. IfD. When
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据Grandma tk the ht cakes frm the ven, I tld her abut the candy. 可知当奶奶拿出蛋糕时, 我告诉了她。所以本句为when引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。
13. A. nddedB. refused
C. agreedD. shk
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据“I knw just ______yu feel, ” she said. We all feel like that when we’ve dne ______deceitful. I’m glad yu tld me abut the pennies, and f curse I’ll frgive yu. ” Grandma hugged me tight, 可只是奶奶点点头。故选A项。
14. A. whereB. hwC. whyD. when
【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。根据We all feel like that可知是感觉怎样。故选B项。
15. A. smethingB. nthing
C. anybdyD. everybdy
【解析】选A。考查不定代词。根据上文应是做了欺骗的事情。故选A项。