2022年中考英语高频考点学案

这是一份2022年中考英语高频考点学案，共16页。学案主要包含了考题链接等内容，欢迎下载使用。


形容词及其用法
Ⅰ、形容词的构成：
1. 本身即为形容词的词（如red, glad, nice, beautiful）
2. 由“名词+y”构成的形容词
sun→sunny wind→windy fun→funny clud→clud nise→nisy luck→lucky
3. 加后缀构成的形容词
（如-able, -ent, -en, -al, -ful, -less等）
cmfrt→_______________ natin→_______________ wd→_______________ differ→_______________ care→_______________ hpe→_______________
4. 由“名词+ly”构成的形容词：friend→friendly
Ⅱ、形容词的用法及位置
<一>作定语
形容词修饰名词时放于名词之前；修饰不定代词时，放于不定代词之后。如：
1. What beautiful flwers！
2. The nice girl is my sister.
3. He wants t d smething different this time.
4. I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
【考题链接】
①Shirley has dne a lt fr the turists. She is really a (help) guide.
②As we knw, Liu Xiang is a （成功的）player.
<二>作表语
在be动词、感官动词taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sund（听起来），lk（看起来），feel（摸上去）以及becme, get, turn,grw等系动词后用形容词作表语。如：
He is yung.
She lks happy tday.
The fd tastes delicius.
【考题链接】
①The ld wman lked （wrry）because she culdn’t find her purse.
②The dish smells and yu’d better thrw it away.
A. gd B. well C. bad D. badly
<三>作宾语补足语
放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如：
Yu shuld keep yur rm clean every day.
What makes yu sad?
Dn’t leave the dr pen when yu g ut.
【考题链接】
Yur rm is very dirty. Yu shuld keep it .
A. clean B. dry C. quiet
Ⅲ、-ing形式与-ed形式形容词的辨析
-ed形容词多形容人的情绪或感受，主语一般是人。-ing形容词多形容客观事物体现在外的性质，主语或修饰的词一般是物。
【考题链接】
Nancy desn’t enjy her jb anymre. She’s because every day she des exactly the same thing.
A. relaxing B. relaxed C. bring D. bred
［即学即练］
1. —Lk! Hw the bys are!
—Yes. They wn the game this afternn.
A. exciting B. excitement C. excite D. excited
2. Wh left the windws ?
A. pen B. pening C. pened D. pens
3. —Mum, Bill is cming t dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him t eat.
A. smething different B. different anything
C. anything different D. different smething
4. The sea lks very when the sun is shining n it.
A. beautiful B. mre beautiful C. the mst beautiful
5. She tld us a stry. Her vice sunded .
A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly
6. Gerge was frightened t see a snake in the grass. His face turned .
A. pale B. clean C. sadly D. happily
7. Harry Ptter is an bk fr children, but my cusin isn’t in it at all.
A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested
C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
8. I like wrking here because everyne is (friend).
9. The Greens are (happiness) t live in this (nise) street. They want t mve t anther place.
10. Susan ften ges swimming in summer when it’s warm and （sun）.
精讲精练
副词
修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词称为副词。
一、副词的构成
1. 本身即为副词：nw, very, there, hw, t, well等。
2. 与形容词形式相同的副词：early, late, high, wide等。
3. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词：
slw→slwly quick→quickly clear→clearly bad→badly
4. 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。如：
friendly（________）；lnely（________）；lvely（________）
5. 一些形容词本身即可作副词，而加ly之后也为副词，但意义不同。如：
hard努力地，狠狠地 hardly 几乎不；
wide宽地 widely广泛地；
high高高地 highly高度地
His parents hit him hard.
His parents hardly hit him.
6. 有些形容词和副词同形
因为这类词的形容词和副词同形，所以要看它在句中具体修饰什么词来判断它到底是形容词还是副词。
This kind f wd is hard. 这种木材硬。
He studies hard.他努力学习。
He lks well. 看起来他身体不错。
He wrks well. 他工作得很好。
Ⅲ、副词在句中的作用
<一>作状语：修饰形容词或动词
He wrks hard.
It’s raining heavily.
Yu are quite right.
The by is t yung.
【考题链接】
①Hand-ft-muth disease is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it ____________ （成功地）.
②He’s s strng that he can carry the bx （容易地）.
［即学即练］
1. —Lk, it’s raining .
—That’s great. It’s t ht these days.
A. greatlyB. heavilyC. quicklyD. hardly
2. , the weather was nt s wet as it is tday and we played happily.
A. LuckyB. LuckilyC. UnluckyD. Unluckily
3. I’m sure I’ve seen him , but I can’t remember the right place.
A. anywhere B. nwhereC. smewhereD. everywhere
4. I didn’t sleep last night. I feel tired nw.
A. wellB. niceC. fineD. gd
5. —Mr Li is very ppular amng the students.
—Yes. His classes are lively and interesting.
A. alwaysB. smetimesC. hardlyD. never
6. —Mum, I think I’m t get back t schl.
—Oh, dear. Yu’d better stay at hme fr anther day r tw.
A. s wellB. s gdC. well enughD. gd enugh
7. Thugh he studied at Russian fr ten mnths, he can still speak the language.
A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardlyC. hard; hardlyD. hardly; hard
8. — d yu like the mvie?
—Very interesting.
A. HwB. WhC. WhatD. When
大多数形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词或副词的原形，比较级和最高级的构成如下：
1. 规则变化
2. 以ly结尾的副词，除early外，比较级、最高级都用在其前加mre，mst的形式。
3. 不规则变化。
*有些副词没有比较等级的变化，如：nw, never, then, here, always, hw
Ⅵ、形容词、副词原级的用法：
1. 有表示绝对概念的副词very, t, s, enugh, quite 等修饰时，用原级。
Eg: The by is t yung.
He plays the pian very well.
2. 表示A与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。
肯定句中的结构：“A…+ as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。
Eg: Tm is as tall as Jack.
He runs as fast as I.
否定句中的结构：“A…+ nt+…as/s +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。
Eg: I dn’t d my hmewrk as (s) carefully as yu.
她不如你细心__________________________________
否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。
Eg: This mvie is less interesting than that ne.
Ⅶ、形容词/副词比较级的用法
1. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A …+ 比较级+than + B”。表示“A比B更……”。如：
Eg: This rm is bigger than that ne.
I am taller than yu.
注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the ne, that, thse等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the ne替代可数名词的单数形式，the nes或thse替代可数名词的复数形式，that 替代不可数名词。如：
In winter, the weather f Beijing is clder than that f Shanghai
The students f Class One study harder than thse f Class Tw.
2. 前面有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lt, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较级。
Eg: It’s much warmer tday.
This prblem is a lt mre difficult than that ne.
3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which/Wh is +形容词/副词比较级，A r B?”表示。如：
Eg: Which is bigger, an elephant r a panda?
Wh is taller, Mike r Ted?
4. 表示“两者之中比较……的一个(f the tw)”时，常用“the + 比较级”结构。如：
Eg: Bb is the taller f the tw bys.
5. 表示“越来越……”时，用比较级的重叠结构，即“比较级+ and + 比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“mre and mre + 原级”的结构。如：
Eg: _______________________________________________________________天气正在变得越来越暖和
________________________________________________________________我们国家正在变得越来越漂亮6. 表示“越……就越……”时，用“the + 比较级， the +比较级”结构。如：
Eg: 你吃得越多，就会越胖。_____________________________________________
The mre yu study, the mre yu knw.
Ⅷ、形容词/副词最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/f短语来表示范围。
Eg：What’s the best sprt in summer?
Li Dng sings best f the fur bys.
2. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Wh is the +最高级，A, B r C?”结构。
Eg：Which is the mst beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai r Guangzhu?
3. 表示“最……的之一”时，用“ne f the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。如：
Eg：周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。__________________________________________________
4. 形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。如：
Eg: The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.
5. 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如：
Eg: Li Ming is my best friend.
考点6
介词
方位介词
(1) 辨析in, n, t &at
D
C
B
A
in表示在范围内， 例：B is______ the east f A.
n表示两地接壤， 例：C is ______ the east f A.
t表示在范围外， 例：D is ______ the east f A.
at表示在某个具体的场所或地点，Tm with his friends is at the cinema nw.
(2) 辨析 abve, ver, n, belw
（3）辨析in frnt f, in the frnt f, behind & at the back f
在范围之外
in frnt f behind

在范围之内
在...前面 在……后面
in the frnt f at the back f
Eg: _______________________________________________
在我学校的前面有一个图书馆。
Mike sits in the frnt/at the back f the classrm.
迈克坐在教室的前面/后面。
（4）辨析between, amng
between强调在两者之间； amng强调在三者或三者以上之间。
between
amng
Eg: The cinema is ____________ the bank and the library. 电影院在银行和图书馆之间。
The teacher usually stands ___________ _ us. 老师通常站在我们中间。
（5）辨析next t, beside &near
三个词都是"在旁边，在附近，靠近"的意思，但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：near > beside> next t
There is a bk beside the pen. 钢笔附近有一本书。
The bedrm is next t the bathrm.卧室紧挨着浴室。
1.Hng Kng is ______ the suth f China, and Maca is ______ the west f Hng Kng.
A. in; t B. t; t C. t; in D. in; in
2. There is a small river ___ the tw twns.
A. in B. between C. amng D. t
3. Shanghai is ____ the east f China.
A. in B. n C. t D at
4. ________ his way t schl，he lst his mney.
A．At B．In C．On D．By
5. Lk the map China the wall, please.
A after, f, in B at, f, in C after, in, n D at, f, n
6. Japan lies ______ the east f China.
A. t B. in C. abut D. at
7. He put up a map ___ the back f the wall because there was a hle ___ it.
A. n; n B. at; in C. n; in D. n; at
9. Uncle Wang arrived____ N. 14 Middle Schl half an hur ag.
A.at B. in C t D. /
10. My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street.
A. t B. f C. at D. n
11. I can’t see Lucy because she is _______ the tree.
A. in frnt f B. behind C. next t D. befre
二、用方位介词 in, n, beside ,under，abve，next t , in frnt f , behind , between填空
1. Beijing is______ the nrth f China.
2. Put it dwn ____the table.
3. There is a map f China __________ the wall f ur classrm.
4. Befre 2000, there was n airline _________the tw cities.
5. The by sitting __________Tina, s she culdn’t see the film clearly.
6. She will leave her hmewrk __________ the teacher ’s desk after schl tday.
7. Yu must ride yur bike ___________ the right side f the rad.
8. Mr. Smith lives __________ that building. His huse is ___________ the fifth flr.
9. The by is taller than his friend, s he sits ___________ him in the classrm.
时间介词
（1）辨析in, n, at
In, n, at都可以表示时间，表示的时间大小依次减小，不同的时间用到的介词不同
（2）辨析 in, after
（3）辨析since & fr
Since和 fr都可以与现在完成时连用，但两者表示的动作的时间不同。
精讲精练
( )1. We traveled vernight t Paris and arrived _______ 5 ’clck ______ the mrning.
A. n; in B. at; in C. at; n D. in; n
( )2. Jack has studied Chinese in this schl _______ the year f 2000.
A. since B. in C. n D. by
( ) 3. A lt f students in ur schl were brn____March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. n D. since
( ) 4. He suddenly returned____ a rainy night.
A. n B. at C. in D. during
( ) 5. My grandfather was brn____Oct. 10, 1935.
A. n B. in C. at D. f
( ) 6. The train is starting___five minutes.
A. in B. at C. fr D.still
( ) 7. Mike des his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.
A. n; t B. at; in C. by; f D. at; n
( ) 8. Children wake up very early____the mrning f Christmas Day.
A. in B. n C. fr D. at
( ) 9 ____ a cld winter mrning, I met her in the stfeet.
A. In B. On C. At D. Fr
( ) 10 It happened t be very cld____ the mrning f ur sprts meeting.
A. at B. n C. with D. f
( )11. Jane, please turn ff the lights _____ yu leave the classrm.
A. after B. befre C. until D. but
( )12. . I have been in China1997.
A.since B. befre C.in D.until
二、用at/in/n完成下列句子。不需要介词填 /
1. My birthday is____ July. On my birthday ____ last year l had a party.
2.____Saturday,we went shpping _____ the afternn, then we had a meal ____ the evening and went dancing ____ night.
3.I saw my grandmther ____last week. l met her fr tea____10:30am____Tuesday mrning.
4.My parents were married____1968.They met ____ New Year and the wedding was____15th April.
5.My aunt will arrive____ tw hurs. I'll meet her at the airprt____8:20.
6.We always g skiing ____ the winter, _____weekends. In fact, we went ____ last weekend and we're ging ___ next weekend.
7.I play tennis_____tmrrw,_____10 ’clck ______the mrning.
9.I usually g t bed early, but _____ that evening I stayed up late. There were a lt f strange nises ______ night, and I culdn't sleep.
10.Wuld yu like t stay with us ____ New Years Day? If yu caught the train _____ Friday mrning, yu wuld be at the huse _____ lunch time.
3. 表示方向的介词 acrss, thrugh, ver
4. 表示交通方式的介词 by, in & n
By后面直接跟交通方式的名词；如果名词前面有限定修饰，则用n或in
Eg: My father ges t wrk by bike every day.=My father ges t wrk n a bike every day.
我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班。
注意：n表示交通方式时，还常用于短语n ft, walk t wrk=g t wrk n ft
5. 表示手段或交通工具的介词 by, in & with
1. Is the street t narrw fr the bus t g ___?
A. thrugh B. acrss C. n D. in
2. A mther camel was walking ___ her sn ___ the desert.
A. withut; alng B. with; thrugh
C. next t; pass D. beside; thrugh
4. It tk us ver an hur t walk____ this street.
A. frm B. thrugh C. ver D. acrss
6. G ________ the bridge and yu’ll find the hspital n the left.
A. alng B. thrugh C. acrss D. past
7. The tiger jumped ________ him and began t hit him.
A. t B. at C. rund D. thrugh
8. Last week, I went t schl ________.
A. by the bus B. by ft C. n the ft D. by bus
9. Mr. Brwn sat back ________ a smile ________ his face.
A. with, n B. with, in C. fr, n D. with, at
10. The girl ________ a red dress is my sister.
A. at B. f C. n D. in
二、用适当的介词填空
1. The girl ________ the hat is Lucy.
2. What’s wrng ________ yur TV?
3. ________ his way hme, he met a strange man.
4. Sunshine can reach the vegetables ________ the glass.
5. The students walked ________ the gate with Uncle Wang.
6. Shall I see yu ________ Sunday?
7. It’s a secret ________ yu and me.
8. The bus arrives ________ a village in the evening.
9. Where des he cme ________?
10. It’s very kind ________ yu t help me with my English.
11. I’m srry I can’t say it ________ English.
10. There are a lt f leaves ________ the tree. 类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般直接加-er，-est
lng
tall
lnger
taller
lngest
tallest
以不发音的e结尾时加-r，-st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er，-est
easy
happy
easier
happier
easiest
happiest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er，-est
big
ht
bigger
htter
biggest
httest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在原级前加mre，mst
careful
mre careful
mst careful
beautiful
mre beautiful
mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
early
earlier
earliest
slwly
mre slwly
mst slwly
quickly
mre quickly
mst quickly
bravely
mre bravely
mst bravely
原级
比较级
最高级
gd / well
better
best
many / much
mre
mst
little
less
least
bad /badly /ill
wrse
wrst
ld
lder（年纪较大的）
elder（较年长的）
ldest（年纪最大的）
eldest（最年长的）
far
farther（较远）
further（进一步）
farthest（最远）
furthest（最大限度）
在……上面
与物体关系
反义词（在……下面）
n
在物体的表面之上，接触但不一定垂直
beneath
ver
在物体的正上方，不接触但垂直
under
abve
在物体的上方，不接触也不一定垂直
belw
在某个时间
介词
使用范围
例子
in
世纪、年代、年、季节、月
泛指早、下、晚
in the 21st century, in the 1990s, in 2018, in summer, in July
in the mrning/afternn/evening
n
具体某一天
特指的早、中、晚
n Mnday, n Tuesday afternn, n July 1st, n the mrning f July 6th, n a cld night
at
具体的钟点
at six ’clck, at ten thirty
与时间有关的固定短语
at nn/night, at midnight, at first/last, at the age f, at the beginning f
在……之后
in+一段时间
指从说话是算起来的一段时间之后
与将来时连用
My sister will cme back in three weeks.
after+一段时间
以过去时间为起点的一段时间之后
与过去时连用
She came back t Shanghai last mnth and after a week she flew t New Yrk.
since
自……以来/以后
指从过去的某一时刻一直延续到现在，后跟过去的时间状语
与现在完成时连用
I have studied here since 2010
fr
表示一段时间
指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后跟一段时间
Bb has cllected stamps fr ten years.
单词
意思
方式
例句
acrss
横过
指从这边到另一边
Be careful when yu walk acrss the street.
thrugh
穿过
从一个物体的空间里穿过
The by lks at things thrugh his glasses.
ver
翻越
从物体上方经过，翻过
Wh can jump ver the wall?
介词
用法
例句
by
表示使用某种方式或手段，名词前面不加任何冠词
I like t eat the dumplings made by hand.
我喜欢吃手工包的饺子。
in
表示使用某种语言或材料，名词前面不加任何冠词
Can yu say it in English?
你能用英语说它吗？
with
后面跟具体的工具，名词前面需要加冠词或熊蓉次性物主代词
I d my hmewrk with a pen.
我用钢笔做我的家庭作业。