2022高考语法专项---形容词与副词课件PPT

这是一份2022高考语法专项---形容词与副词课件PPT，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了学习目标，考情分析和预测，dry→ dryly，难点释疑，五倍数表达法，巩固提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.了解高考中形容词和副词的考情，明确应考方向。2.掌握形容词和副词的基本用法，突破易混点和难点。
预测：1.形容词和副词的基本用法，主要涉及形容词、副词的构词规律。2.形容词和副词的比较等级。 3.易混形容词和副词的用法。
形容词和副词的基本用法
（一）形容词和副词的句法功能
句型1：形容词+ 名词；或 名词/代词+ 形容词；形容词在句中做定语。请找出划线形容词所修饰的名词或代词。The children shuld be given mre free time.I’ve gt smething imprtant t tell yu. He was the happiest man alive.
总结：形容词做定语一般位于被修饰词的前面；表语形容词如alive, alne, awake, asleep等放在名词之后；形容词修饰smething等不定代词，需置于不定代词后面。补充说明：副词也可以作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。The bys there are talking abut ftball.
句型2 be/ becme/ get +形容词（划出做表语的形容词。）
She went pale at the news. Wrds are plentiful but deeds are precius.总结：形容词与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质和特征。形容词常位于be, g/get/turn/becme, feel/taste/lk/sund, prve, seem之后。补充说明：副词也可以作表语。I’m srry but he is nt in. 对不起，他不在。
句型3 主语+谓语+宾语+形容词/副词
We fund the huse empty. 形容词做宾语补足语，对_________补充说明。The pr by was beaten black and blue. 形容词做主语补足语, 对_________补充说明。Keep the fire n fr a few minutes。副词做宾语补足语, 对_________补充说明。总结：形容词和副词都可以做主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语或宾语所处的位置、性质、特征等。这样的谓语常是：feel、find、make、keep、cnsider、leave等。
句型4 形容词/ 副词做状语(请找出做状语的形容词或者副词)
He walked in the wind, cld and hungry. Hungry fr adventure, I barded a ship in Singapre with 2000 passengers and crew. I gradually recvered frm my illness. He is nt ld enugh t jin the army. Frtunately, Jhn wasn’t in when I called。总结：形容词做状语，说明主语的情况，表原因/伴随，可放句首、句末、句中。副词做状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。
（二）形容词变成副词构词规律
④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加­er和­est；但以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词直接加­er和­estearly→earlier→earliest; angry→angrier→angriest; gray→grayer→grayest⑤其他双音节词和多音节词，在其前加mre和mstinteresting→mre interesting→mst interesting; cnvenient→mre cnvenient→mst cnvenient
（2017·江苏卷）The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)______（lw）than it was in the 20th.【答案】lwer【解析】根据＂declining birth rate culd be a defining ne f the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lt/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lwer。
（三）常见易用错的形容词和副词
hard努力地/ hardly__________； nearly几乎/near________；late晚/ later_________/ lately_________/ latest________；clse靠近/clsely__________； wide宽地/widely________high高地/ highly_________； deep深地/ deeply__________be widely knwn被广泛了解 think highly f评价很高 be deeply mved被深深感动。
注意：在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，也可以作副词，例如：early, late, hard, fast, much等；还有些词既可以作形容词，也可以作副词，作副词时与加­ly的副词意义不同，例如：high, deep, wide, clse作副词时指的是具体意义上的“高”“深”“广阔地”“靠近地”，而表示抽象意义时分别用highly, deeply, widely, clsely，意思是“高度地，非常”“深切地”“广泛地”“密切地”；另外，还有一类形容词和副词词义相同，但拼写却不同。如gd和well, lder 和elder等。
（四）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂nt as/s＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The wrk is nt as/s difficult as yu imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
3.＂the＋比较级＋f the tw ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。The taller f the tw bys is my brther.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a＋形容词比较级＋n.……After tw years’ research，we have a far better understanding f the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went t the USA in search f a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。
5.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lt，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than befre.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。
6.最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almst，by n means，nt really，nt quite，nthing like。The bridge being built nw is by far the lngest acrss the Yellw River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。I’d like t buy the secnd mst expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词＋比较级＝最高级。There is n greater lve than that f a man wh lays dwn his life fr his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。—Are yu satisfied with what he said at the meeting?——你对他在会议上说的满意吗？—N. It culdn’t have been wrse.——不，不能再差了。
比较级表示最高级含义1. 比较级+than any ther+可数名词单数The Changjiang River is lnger than any ther river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。2. 比较级+than all(the) ther+可数名词复数China is larger than all the ther Asian cuntries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 3. n/never/nthing...+比较级Nthing is mre valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。4. ＂否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词＂或＂否定词+副词的比较级＂表示＂从未……；未曾……＂This film is very mving. I have never seen a better ne. 这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。
表示倍数的句型：(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋f＋B(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋f＋B(5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句①This building is three times higher than that ne.This building is three times as high as that ne.This building is three times the height f that ne.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The utput f this year is 3 times that f 2008.＝The utput f this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
句型1：A is t B what C is t D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：Engines are t machines what hearts are t animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。句型2：can't be t＋adj. ＝ can't be＋adj.＋enugh无论……都不为过，越……越…… 如：Yu can never be careful enugh.＝ Yu can never be t careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
句型3：t…t句型的两个意义(1) 表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能”。如：This questin is t hard fr me t understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。(2) 表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当t后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，t表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当t前有all, but, nly等词时，形成nly /but/all t…t d结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：I’m t glad t hear that. 我对此感到非常高兴。
二、形容词和副词高考题例证
考查角度1 其他此类转换为形容词【填空1】（2019全国卷）But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away（大吃一惊）. We are s prud f her. It’s___wnderful_________(wnder).【填空2】（2019全国卷）They als shared with us many traditinal (traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were hugely ppular with turists.【改错1】（2019全国卷）First, I wanted t be a fireman, whse unifrm lked s clly. clly→ cl【改错2】（2019全国卷）What I want is nt just an rdinarily café but a very special ne. rdinarily→ rdinary
考查角度2 其他此类转换为副词
【填空1】（2019全国卷）It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been __ prly________(pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20, 000--25, 000 plar bears wrldwide.【填空2】（2019全国卷）Her years f hard wrk have __finally__________ (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.【填空3】（2019全国卷）They als shared with us many traditinal stries abut Hawaii that were hugely (huge) ppular with turists.
考查角度3 形容词、副词比较等级及修饰词
【填空】（2019全国卷）Scientists have respnded by nting that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (错觉) that ppulatins are ____higher_____ (high) than they actually are.【改错】（2019全国卷）There were tw reasns fr the decisin. One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick persn culd feel much mre better after seeing a dctr.去掉mre
考查角度4 易混、易错形容词或副词的区别
【改错1】（2019全国卷）I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident. .interesting→interested【改错2】（2019全国卷）I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. hardly→ hard【改错3】（2019全国卷）Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted t be a teacher because I liked my English teacher t much. t→ very/s;【改错4】（2019全国卷）There were tw reasns fr the decisin. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick persn culd feel much better after seeing a dctr.amazing→ amazed
高考链接---语法填空1. (2018全国卷)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years _____lnger______(lng) than nn-runners. … Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ______energetic_______(energy).2. (2018全国卷)A taste fr meat is ____actually _______(actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.3. (2018全国卷)Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ________glbal ____(glbe) fertilizer（化肥） cnsumptin.4. (2018全国卷)He screams the _____ludest______(lud) f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges twards me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel _________challenged ___(challenge).
5. (2017全国卷) When fat and salt are remved frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As a result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even_____wrse____(bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.6. (2017全国卷) Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be_______careful______(care) nt t g t extremes.7. (2017全国卷) Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been _fairly___(fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.8. (2017全国卷)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst __.successful _(success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.9. (2017全国卷)I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is ___certainly___(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
高考链接---短文改错
1. (2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had imprved. happily→ happy 2. (2018全国卷)I had dne my hmewrk, but I was shy. I was afraid that t speak in frnt f a larger grup f peple. larger→ large 3. (2018全国卷)At that mment, I remembered that my father nce said,…. Immediate, I raised my hand. Immediate→ Immediately 4. (2017全国卷) A few minutes late, the instructr asked me t stp the car. It was a relief and I came t a suddenly stp just in the middle f the rad. （2处错误）late→ later; suddenly→ sudden 5. (2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is n the rftp f their huse. They ften get up earlier and water the vegetables tgether. （2处错误）interesting→ interested; earlier→ early 6. (2017全国卷) I enjyed studying difference kinds f cars and planes, playing pp music, and cllecting the late music albums. （2处错误）. difference→ different; late→ latest
Last Sunday, while eat in a restaurant, I nticed a bwl full f dumplings n the table next t mine. They must have left by smene. Just then, an ld man came in. Judging frm her clthes, I believed he were pr. He saw the dumplings left n the table. Being shyly, he sat dwn and started eating. The thers arund lk at him, puzzled, but sme even laughed at him. Therefre, after finishing the dumplings, he went up t the dnatin bx n the cunter, put ne hundred yuan in it and left, leaving us all shcked and ashamed abut.We shuldn’t judge a persn just frm his r her appearance. A persn which has a lving heart is the richest in the wrld.