2020-2021学年Unit 5 Working the Land课时练习

十三　Unit 5　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. I have four children and I continually(continue) learn new things from them.

2. The hero in the novel is a selfish businessman whose whole effort and life are devoted to earning more money.

3. We are working on the assumption(assume) that everyone invited will turn up.

4. Mike found a challenging (challenge) job as a computer programmer in a big company.

5. He has been with the company since its creation (create) in 1989.

6. All varieties (variety) of goods for daily use are available.

7. Once Yuan Longping envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum.

8. Most students have to look for jobs after university graduation (graduate).

9. It takes patience to educate (educate) children.  

10. He will try his best to help them by means of his conventional(convention) medical knowledge.

Ⅱ. 选词填空

domestic　farming　celebrity　estimate　convince　shortage　solution　generate　advance　leisure

1. Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of celebrity after 25 years as an actress.

2. Poor preparation and shortage of equipment accounted for their failure of climbing to the top of the mountain.

3. The first hybrid rice was used for farming in 1974.

4. It is estimated that about 1, 000 people attended the city marathon.

5. Women are still the main victims of domestic violence.

6. A solution to a problem or difficult situation is a way of dealing with it so that the difficulty is removed.

7. I’m not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.

8. The company, New England Electric, burns coal to generate power.

9. I like to go to the cinema when I have leisure time.

10. The gentleman, despite his advanced years, helped Kathryn back to her seat.

Ⅲ. 根据提示翻译句子

1. 袁隆平, 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”, 是中国最著名的科学家之一。(know as)

Yuan Longping, (who is) known as “the father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists.  

2. 袁隆平的父母希望他从事科学或医学事业。(want sb. to do)

Yuan Longping’s parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.  

3. 1953年毕业后, 他担任研究员。(after doing)

After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.  

4. 袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国, 还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家, 如印度和越南。(not just. . . but)

Yuan Longping’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.  

5. 应该有一个你可以向他寻求任何建议的人。(there be)

There should be someone to whom you can turn for any advice.  

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Seawater rice test yield holds promise for harsh lands

　　By Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong in Urumuqi | chinadaily. com. cn | Updated:  2019-11-19 17: 01

    The seawater rice, developed by agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his team, achieved a theoretical yield of 546. 74 kilograms per mu (0. 07 hectares) in a paddy in Yopurga county, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

　　The figure was announced after a strict and public evaluation last month by a production testing expert group, which consisted of four renowned rice experts.

　　Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali field in 2018, expanded their experimental rice field to more than 20 hectares this year in the county, located near China’s largest desert, the Taklimakan.

　　The rice output from the experimental rice field indicated that the saline-alkali land can be transformed into good rice fields in three to five years, said Wang Qi, an expert with Yuan Longping’s research team.

　　The trial plot to grow the seawater rice is of a heavy saline-alkali nature, with salinity coming to more than 17 per 1, 000 parts and the pH value reaching over 8. 0, but the seawater rice has the effect of improving the soil and reducing the saline-alkali content, Wang said.

【文章大意】本文是一篇摘自《中国日报》的新闻报道, 主要介绍了袁隆平和他的研究团队研发的“海水稻”成功通过专家测试。

1. Who reported the news?

A. Wang Qi.

B. Yuan Longping.

C. Yuan Longping’s research team.

D. Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。本文是新闻报道, 根据标题下面的斜体字部分可知, 介绍新闻稿来源, 由《中国日报》记者毛卫华和郑彩雄报道。本题考查学生的“看”的能力, 要求学生学会在网页、报刊上搜寻所需信息。

2. What’s the advantage of seawater rice?

A. It achieved a yield of 546. 74 kg per hectare.

B. It can be planted in the saline-alkali field.

C. It doesn’t need so much sunlight.

D. It can be planted everywhere.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。第一段提到海水稻的理论产量达到546. 74 kilograms per mu, 而不是per hectare, 因此A项错误, C和D文中未提到, 第三段提到海水稻的试验就是在 saline-alkali field进行的, 第四段也有提及。

3. When did the seawater rice begin to be planted in Xinjiang by Yuan Longping and his team?

A. Last month. 　　　　　　 B. In 2018.

C. In November, 2019.    D. In October.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali field in 2018. . . 可知, 海水稻是在2018年开始试验种植的。

4. Where does this passage probably come from?

A. A guide book.    B. A TV program.

C. A website.     D. A text book.

【解析】选C。文章出处题。根据Updated:  2019-11-19 17: 01可知, 本文是2019-11-19 17: 01上传更新的, 因此可判断文章很可能来自一个网站。

B

　　Every summer,  my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel,  my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water.  On one of my trips to India,  I saw children drinking water from the roadside.  I was troubled to learn that millions of people,  most of them children in developing countries,  die each year because of water related diseases. 

　　Living in the US,  I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water(饮用水),  while one sixth of the world’s population lacks access to clean water.  This year,  I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June,  I learned that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer,  I worked with Dr. Jim Jonza,  my Scientist mentor(导师)from 3M,  and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost-effective,  and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.

　　In October,  my family and I flew to 3M Headquarters in St Paul,  Minnesota,  where the final event was to be held.  For the last challenge,  each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,  000,  a trip to Costa Rica,  and the title of America’s Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony,  all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester,  started announcing “The winner of the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is. . . ”You could hear a pin(大头针)drop as he opened the paper with the winner’s name,  “Deepika Kurup! ”

　　As America’s Top Young Scientist,  I was given an opportunity to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learned is that communication and teamwork are key to success.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者通过一次去印度的经历,  发现人们缺乏清洁水,  就此得到启发回国后与Jim Jonza博士合作,  开发了一个利用太阳能的净水系统。

5. Why does the author mention her visits to India?

A. To express her great love for India.

B. To show the problem of unclean water.

C. To explain the importance of relatives.

D. To compare eastern and western cultures.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,  每年有数百万人死于与水有关的疾病, 其中大多数是发展中国家的儿童。由此可以推断出, 作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题, 故选B。

6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “implementing” in Paragraph 2?

A. Researching. 　　　 B. Changing.

C. Finishing.     D. Using.

【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据My invention is green and cost effective可知,  作者的发明很环保、高效且节约成本,  因此作者期待将它应用到受有害的水影响的地区。故划线词implementing是“应用”的意思。

7. How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winner’s name?

A. They appeared calm.

B. They let out shouts of joy.

C. They sat quietly.

D. They dropped pins to the author.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,  Forester宣布获奖时所有观众都屏住呼吸, 你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知观众都非常安静地坐着,  故选C。

8. How is the text mainly organized?

A. In order of time.

B. In order of complexity(复杂性).

C. In order of place.

D. In order of importance.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据全文可知, 作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在发现教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经历, 故选A。

【阅读多维训练】根据本篇阅读理解填空

(1)My invention is green and cost-effective,  and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.

分析: 本句是一个并列复合句,  由and 连接。第二个并列分句中包含由that引导的定语从句,  修饰先行词places。

译文: 我的发明是绿色的, 低成本效益高, 我期待着能在受有害的水污染影响的地方应用它。

(2)One of the most important things I have learned is that communication and teamwork are key to success.

分析:  本句为复合句。I have learned 为省略that的定语从句, 修饰先行词One of the most important things;  主句中包含that引导的表语从句。

译文: 我学到的最重要的事情之一就是沟通和团队合作是成功的关键。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

(2021·潍坊高二检测)

　　Garlic is one of the most common cooking ingredients around the world. Many dishes in Europe,  Africa,  Asia and the Americas use this strong-flavored vegetable.

　　Garlic is similar to other bulb-shaped plants,  including onions,  chives,  leeks and scallions. But garlic is special. 　1　 Medicinal garlic is throughout time.  

　　Researchers at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University studied the medicinal use of garlic throughout history. They found references to garlic in ancient texts from Egypt,  Greece,  Rome,  China and India.

　2　 

　　The original Olympic athletes in Greece ate garlic to improve their performance.

　3　  

　　Workers who built the pyramids in Egypt ate garlic. In fact, this is a theme throughout early history—workers eat garlic to increase their strength.

　　　4　 The short answer is that garlic creates a gas called hydrogen sulfide.  

　　At first,  hydrogen sulfide does not seem very healthy. In fact,  it is toxic and flammable. It smells like rotten eggs. 　5　 Hydrogen sulfide relaxes blood vessels. Relaxing blood vessels,  in turn,  allows more oxygen to travel to the body’s organs. It lowers high blood pressure and protects the body against cardiovascular disease. “Cardio” relates to the heart and “vascular” relates to blood vessels. Some researchers in China have gone so far as to call hydrogen sulfide the key to a longer life. And another study found that eating an apple or lettuce after eating garlic cuts down on the strong garlic smell on one’s breath.  

A. But why is garlic such a healthy food?

B. But it does an important job in our bodies.

C. The ancient Romans fed garlic to the soldiers and sailors.

D. For centuries,  people have used garlic not only for cooking,  but also for medicine.

E. For example,  in ancient Greece and Rome,  people considered garlic an aid to strength and endurance.

F. Also,  to get the full effect of garlic’s health benefits,  do not add it to food or cook with it immediately.

G. Scientists have reported that this older garlic has even more properties that are good for our bodies than fresh garlic.

【文章大意】本文介绍了大蒜的历史及各种用途。大蒜能让人增强体能, 促使血管舒张, 增加血管的通透性。

1. 【解析】选D。根据下文的关键词语Medicinal garlic可知D项符合语境,  即“很多世纪以来, 人们不仅把大蒜用于烹饪, 而且还入药”。

2. 【解析】选E。根据前面句子中的关键词语Greece。Rome和E项中的in ancient Greece and Rome可知, E项符合语境。

3. 【解析】选C。根据前面的句子“最初的希腊奥林匹克运动员食用大蒜以便提高他们的表现”, 可知C项符合语境, 即“古罗马人让士兵和海员食用大蒜”。误解分析: 很容易误选G项。误认为上文提到大蒜的作用, 接下来会继续写科学家的发现, 但是下文中并没有提到更陈旧的大蒜比新鲜的大蒜有更多的对身体有益的特性, 故G项不符合语境。

4. 【解析】选A。根据后面的句子The short answer is that garlic creates a gas called hydrogen sulfide可知, 此处应是疑问句, 故选A。

5. 【解析】选B。依据前后句子的内容可知大蒜具有刺激性气味, 但大蒜具有舒张血管的作用。故B项符合语境。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

　　Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country”. Before the astronauts ever 　1　 it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for

　2　, he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) 　3　 resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was 　4　 for the Apollo 15 moon landing.  

　　 When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s

　5　, he chose a piece of lava rock(火山岩) near Devil’s Lake, 　6　 it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he 　7　 him and made a request, “I am sending you a 　8　 piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to 　9　 to the moon for me. ”Off went the letter, and Watson thought 　10　 of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin 　11　 to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.  

　　And a few weeks after their 　12　, Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there, ”Irwin wrote—and enclosed(附上) a 　13　 of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava 　14　 with an arrow and the words”Oregon lava on the moon! ”For Watson the letter and the picture were 　15　. And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.  

【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。宇航员Jim Irwin在美国俄勒冈州Bend小镇接受登月训练时, 结交了一位当地好友Floyd Watson。当Watson听说Irwin被选为“阿波罗15号”登月宇航员时, 他希望好友把一小块取自Bend小镇湖边的火山岩放到月球上。Irwin的确把这块火山岩送上了月球, 并拍照留念。

1. A. did　　　  B. made

C. took     D. grasped

【解析】选B。在宇航员成功登上月球之前, 他们在Bend接受训练。make it为固定短语, 意为“获得成功”, 符合句意。

2. A. adventure  B. research

C. amusement   D. practice

【解析】选D。根据上文中的“Before the astronauts ever______ it to the moon, they trained in Bend. ”及下文中的“Irwin was ______for the Apollo 15 moon landing. . . Irwin ______to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden. ”可知, Jim Irwin是一名宇航员, 来到Bend接受登月训练。practice意为“练习, 训练”, 符合句意。 

3. A. local    B. aggressive

C. gifted    D. academic

【解析】选A。根据下文中的“who was the building inspector for the city”可以判断 Floyd Watson是当地(local)居民。

4. A. carried out  B. picked out

C. ruled out   D. checked out

【解析】选B。五年后, Irwin被选中实行“阿波罗15号”登月计划。pick out意为“精心挑选”, 符合句意。carry out“执行, 实施”; rule out“排除”; check out“结账离开, 核实”。

5. A. sense    B. rescue

C. knowledge   D. assistance

【解析】选C。根据下文Watson给好朋友写信及信的内容可知, 此处表示Watson得知了这一消息。come to one’s knowledge“被某人知道”。

6. A. enveloped  B. measured

C. designed   D. transformed

【解析】选A。 envelop表示“包住, 裹住”, 符合语境。measure“测量”; design“设计”; transform“使改变形态”。

7. A. thanked   B. welcomed

C. congratulated  D. followed

【解析】选C。得知好朋友被选上, Watson应是写信表示祝贺(congratulated)。

8. A. huge    B. valuable

C. unique    D. tiny

【解析】选D。这块被送到月球上的火山岩很小。下文中的“with the small piece of Oregon lava”有提示。

9. A. fly    B. deliver

C. orbit    D. float

【解析】选B。希望你能把它送到月球上去。deliver在此是“传送, 递送”之意, 符合句意。

10. A. much   B. highly

C. little    D. low

【解析】选C。根据下文中的“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知, 此处表示信寄出去了, 从此Watson很少想到这件事, 所以后来他收到回信才会感到出乎意料。think little of意为“不重视”。

11. A. escaped   B. rushed

C. wandered   D. journeyed

【解析】选D。根据语境可知, Irwin和其他两人前往月球。此处journey作动词, 表示“旅行(尤指长途)”, 是熟词生义的用法。

12. A. arrival    B. return

C. application    D. campaign

【解析】选B。在他们返回(return)地球几个星期后, Watson意外收到了Irwin的来信。

13. A. postcard   B. drawing

C. photo     D. note

【解析】选C。根据下文中的“the letter and the picture”可知, Irwin随信还附了一张有火山岩的照片(photo)。

14. A. equipped   B. decorated

C. covered     D. marked

【解析】选D。照片中, 放在月球上面的俄勒冈州火山岩被用箭头标注了出来, 并附有文字“俄勒冈州火山岩在月球上”。mark在此是动词, 意为“做标记, 做记号”, be marked with在此意为“用……标注”。

15. A. reliable    B. precious

C. permanent    D. realistic

【解析】选B。根据语境和下文中的“And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again”可知, 对Watson来说, 那封信和那张照片是很珍贵的(precious)。