英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature导学案及答案

这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature导学案及答案，共15页。学案主要包含了词块积累，易混辨析，知识延伸，要点拾遗等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 5　Revealing nature
Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. How can seeds travel? 　　　　种子是怎样传播的?
2. visit distant countries 拜访遥远的国家
3. bring disgrace on her family 给她的家庭带来耻辱
4. crowded with samples of plants and animals
到处都是植物和动物的样本
5. suspect nothing 什么都不怀疑
6. evolve from a common ancestor 由共同的祖先演变而来
7. a theory of evolution 进化论
8. generate ideas 产生想法
Ⅱ. 选词填空
come to exist, be very similar to, be regarded as, be crowded with, evolve from, begin with, a variety of
1. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.  
2. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.  
3. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.  
4. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.  
5. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist?  
6. The old town square was crowded with people.  
7. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species.  
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries(最重要的科学发现之一)of all time.  
2. The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by(对……着迷) rocks, plants and animals.  
3. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things(有机会研究各种生物) in their natural environments.  
4. It was not published until 1859(这本书直到1859年才出版)and immediately caused a storm.  
5. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe(是如此令人信服, 以至于越来越多的人开始相信) his theory.  

根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. 名词后缀-ist 表示“从事……研究者, 信仰……主义者”
geology n. 地质学→ geologist n. 地质学家
art n. 艺术→ artist艺术家
science n. 科学→ scientist科学家
chemistry n. 化学→ chemist化学家
physics n. 物理学→ physicist物理学家
communism n. 共产主义→ communist共产主义者
2. 词前加dis- 可转化为反义词
grace n. 优雅→disgrace n. 耻辱; 丢脸
honest adj. 诚实的 →dishonest adj. 不诚实的
comfort n. 安慰; 舒适 →discomfort n. 不适, 不安
order n. 顺序→disorder n. 混乱; 骚乱
appear vi. 出现→disappear v. 消失
阅读研析·合作学习
Task 1　框架宏观建构: 整体理解 
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.

2. What is the text type of the passage?
Narration.
Task 2　文本微观剖析: 细节探究 
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What is the text mainly about?
A. Darwin’s interest in various things made him a great naturalist.
B. Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.
C. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
D. Why was Darwin chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.
(2)Which one was not what Darwin did on his journey?
A. He studied various living things in natural environments.
B. Darwin thought differently from those people who believed that all the species had appeared on the earth at the same time.
C. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
D. Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species.
(3)Which of the following statements is true?
A. Darwin’s father agreed to his decision on the journey.
B. It was Darwin’s luck that resulted in his theory of evolution.
C. It was the finches that inspired Darwin to find more convincing evidence for theory.
D. Darwin didn’t publish his book until 1859 because he was afraid of causing trouble to himself.
(4)What’s the author’s attitude to Darwin’s Evolution Theory?
A. Objective. 　　　　　 B. Negative.
C. Favorable. D. Indifferent.
答案: (1)～(4)BDCC
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
In 1831, Darwin left (1)England on the ship, the Beagle. After Darwin had spent some time in (2)South America, he collected (3)samples of the plants and animals. As he studied these, he noticed that some species of animals were very (4)similar to each other, and he wondered how different species came to exist.  
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin noticed that there was (5)a difference between the birds’ finches on each of the islands. Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from (6)a common ancestor and over time, it had slowly evolved into (7)many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they (8)evolved from earlier ancestors.  
It was a completely new idea—(9)a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Today, it is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed (10)ideas about life on Earth forever.  
3. Long sentence analysis.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)The captain of the ship, the Beagle(同位语), wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. (定语从句) 
译文: 贝格尔号船长希望有人能“借着访问遥远而少有人知的国家的机会而受益”。
(2)When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835(when引导的时间状语从句), Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most(It was. . . that强调句型).  
译文: 当贝格尔号在1835年到达加拉帕戈斯岛时, 达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种, 但最让他感兴趣的是鸟类。
(3)Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor(that引导的宾语从句), which had arrived on the islands a long time before(which引导的非限制性定语从句).  
译文: 达尔文怀疑雀科鸣禽是从一个很久之前就到达岛上的共同的祖先进化而来的。
Task 3　阅读思维升华: 主题实践 
(1)Why didn’t Darwin publish his theory of evolution until 1859?
Perhaps during this period, he was doing further scientific research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so on.  
(2)What characteristics can we learn from Darwin? Which one of them do you think will be the most helpful in your life and study?
Brave, hard-working, devoted, patient, strict, innovative/creative, curious, imaginative, diligent, intelligent, talented, brilliant, honest, confident, modest and so on.  
In my opinion, hard-working spirit is the most helpful in my study, because it will not only give me continuous energy and confidence to study but also make up for my lack of wisdom.  
要点精研·探究学习
1. various adj. 各种各样的; 多方面的; 许多的
*The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.
这次旅行使他有机会在自然环境中研究各种生物。
*(2020·浙江高考)However, a variety of types is represented here. 但是, 这里展示了各种类型。
*The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual. 　
对疼痛的耐受程度因人而异。
【词块积累】
vary 　　　　　　　　 vi. 变化; 不同; [生]变异
vary from . . . to 从……到……不等
variety n. 不同; 种类; 变化, 多样化
复数: varieties
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的, 种种

(1)语法填空。
(2020·天津高考)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various(vary) food choices on the menu.
(2)To join the Party, he took an active part in a variety of activities.  
为了入党, 他积极参加各种活动。
(3)Typing patterns vary from person to person.  
打字模式因人而异。
2. be crowded with 拥塞; 挤满; 充满
*His room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
他船上的房间里堆满了他收集的动植物标本。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?
乞力马扎罗山人山人海, 破坏了平静的气氛, 还是否名副其实?
*My house used to be crowded with visitors, but now visitors are few and far between.
我家过去常常门庭若市, 但现在却是门可罗雀了。
*(2020·天津高考)We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.
我们只是随大流。而且人们只渴望平静和安宁的生活。
【词块积累】
crowd in　　　　　 (想法、问题等) 涌上心头; 涌入脑海
crowd into/out of 挤进/挤出
crowd around 聚集在……的周围
a crowd of 一群; 一伙; 一堆
crowds of 成群的……; 许多

(1)语法填空。
①Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded(crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
②When species crowd into an area, they compete for resources and become efficient at using them.
(2)A huge crowd gathered on a square outside the Kremlin walls.  
一大群人聚集在克里姆林宫墙外的广场上。
(3)What do you think of the city? It’s very busy and crowded, I should say.  
你觉得这个城市怎么样? 我得说, 这是个非常繁忙拥挤的城市。
3. come to exist存在, 形成
*As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist?
当他研究这些样本时, 他问了自己一个问题: 不同的物种是如何形成的?
*By chance I came across an article about a doctor, a specialist in women’s diseases. 很偶然地, 我看到了一篇关于一个医生的文章, 她是一名妇科专家。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
她试图为海狸鼠时装提出一个标签, 以表明它是环保的。
【词块积累】
come across 　　　　　 (偶然)遇见; 碰见
come into being 形成
come to/into power 上台执政, 当权
come to an end 结束
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to the point 说到要点, 切中要害
come to life 苏醒过来, 变得活跃起来
come out 出版; 开花; 发行; 发表
come up (问题、计划等) 被提出; 升起; 长出地面
come up with 提出
When it comes to . . . 当谈到/涉及……

(1)语法填空。
①President Trump has cracked down on Chinese trade since he came into power.  
②Quite by accident, she came up with a brilliant and simple solution to the challenging problem.
(2) When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.  
当谈到公共演讲, 少即是多。
(3)During this time we have warm weather and fine days. All plants come to life.  
在这段时间里, 天气温暖、晴朗, 万物复苏。
4. adapt vi. 适应于, 适应不同情况(或环境)(to)
*Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?
也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境时进化的?
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了在高海拔地区生活。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text. 这些天, 我和我的同学一起, 改编了一个以英语文本为基础的短剧。
*The drama is an adaptation of the comic book.
这个戏剧是这部漫画书的改编本。
*He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work. 　
他是个适应性很强的人, 很快就将学会新工作。
【词块积累】
adapt to　　　　 (使)适合; (使)适应
adapt from 根据……改写(或改编); 改自
【易混辨析】 adopt与adapt
adopt是及物动词, 接名词或代词作宾语。作“采用, 采纳, 采取”讲时, 后面常接方法、方针、步骤、政策、意见、态度、计划之类的名词; 作“正式通过或接受”讲时, 后面常接报告、议案、决议、方案、计划之类的名词。
adapt vt. 改编; 使适应 vi. 适应。adapt的基本意思是通过必要的改动以适应新的条件或适于某事物。用作及物动词时意思是“使适应, 使适合”, 接sb. /sth. 作宾语, “适应”的客体常可用介词to引出。adapt还可特指“改编”“改写”, 这时其客体须由介词for或from 引出。例如:
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快就适应了这种新气候。
This text is adapted from a story in Chinese Literature.
这篇课文是根据《中国文学》上登载的一篇故事改编的。
It’s hard to adapt this novel for children.
要将这部小说改编为适合小孩的阅读水准很难。
【知识延伸】
adaptation 　　 n. 适应, 顺应; 改编, 改编本
adapted adj. 适合的
v. 使适应, 改编(adapt的过去式)
adaptable adj. 可适应的; 有适应能力的; 适合的; 可改编的
adaptive adj. 适应的, 适合的

(1)语法填空。
①The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
②When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself (you) to new manners and customs.
(2)It took him a while to adapt himself to the cold weather.  
他过了好一阵子才适应了寒冷的天气。
(3)Children adapt to a new environment more easily than adults.  
儿童比成人更容易适应新的环境。
(4)It is well known that the film Red Sorghum is adapted from the novel of the same title by him.  
众所周知, 电影《红高粱》改编自他的同名小说。
5. convincing adj. 令人相信的; 有说服力的
*But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此有说服力, 以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
他说, 让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是绿色的并不容易, 但他对此毫不怀疑。
*(2020·天津高考)He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。
【词块积累】
convince vt. (convinced; convinced) 使相信, 说服; 使确信
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. that. . . 使某人相信……
be convinced of sth. /that 确信; 承认……

(1)语法填空。
①He tried to convince them of the safety of traveling by airplane.
②We are convinced (convince)that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.  
③There is now convincing(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
(2) The radio play was so convincing that many people thought aliens were actually landing on the earth.  
这个广播剧如此有说服力, 以至于许多人认为外星人真的在地球上降落了。
【要点拾遗】
1. profit n. 收益 vt. 有益于vi. 有益; 获利
*The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.
贝格尔号船长希望有人能“借着访问遥远而少有人知的国家的机会而受益”。
*Jennifer wasn’t yet totally convinced that she’d profit from/by a more relaxed lifestyle.
珍妮弗还不完全相信更轻松的生活方式会对她有好处。
*It is usually more profitable to sell direct to the public.
直接向公众销售通常更有利可图。
*Many local people believe the development will profit them.
当地的许多人认为, 这项开发将对他们有利。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year.
一个监督娱乐电影中对待动物的方法的非营利组织, 正在密切关注今年2 000多部电影的制作。
【词块积累】
profit from/by 　　 得益于; 从……中受益
make a profit 获利; 赚钱
profitable adj. 有利可图的
profitably adv. 有利可图地
nonprofit adj. 非营利的; 不以营利为目的的

(1)语法填空。
①The large international firms are not the only ones to profit from the opportunities in China.  
②Most people buy a house because they want to own a home, not because they plan to make a profit.  
(2) I hope to profit by/from your advice.  
我希望从你的忠告中得益。
2. distant adj. 遥远的; 冷漠的; 远隔的; 不友好的, 冷淡的
*I went outside to look for someone who might be walking down the street, and I expected to hear the distant cry of someone calling the dogs’ names.
我出去找一个可能在街上散步的人, 而且我希望听到远处有人喊狗的名字。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源。
*Something seemed to move in the distance. It was a figure approaching my house.
在远处似乎有东西在移动。那是一个人影正在朝我家靠近。
*A brother and sister, for example, share many more genes than distantly related cousins.
举例来说, 一对兄弟或姐妹比远房堂兄弟姐妹共享的基因多。
【词块积累】
distantly　　　　　 adv. 遥远地, 冷漠地
distance n. 距离; 远方; 疏远; 间隔
in the distance 在远处
at a distance 在远方(比较远)

(1)语法填空
①(2020·浙江高考)Polar bears — like all wild animals —should be photographed from a safe distance(distant).
②As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a distant (distance) memory in some ways.
(2)She was warned to keep her distance from him if she didn’t want to get hurt.  
她被警告如果她不想受到伤害, 她就要和他保持距离。
(3)The shop is at a distance from where he lives, so he usually goes there by bike.  
那家商店离他住的地方很远, 所以他通常骑自行车去那里。
3. inspire sb. to do激励/鼓舞某人做……
*It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
这只是一个想法, 但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。
*(2019·天津高考)I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
词的优美发音让我深受鼓舞。
*He tried to inspire them to make greater efforts.
他试图鼓励他们做出更大的努力。
【词块积累】
inspire sb. with sth. 　 用某物鼓舞某人
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 激励的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞/启发的
inspiration n. 灵感

语法填空。
(1)The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to write (write) their great poetry.  
(2)The news that our country will completely defeat the virus soon is inspiring (inspire).
4. particular adj. 特别的; 详细的; 独有的; 挑剔的
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so than the familiar near side.
科学家们对月球的远端特别感兴趣, 因为它有很多很深的环形山, 比我们熟悉的近端更甚。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 在印度, 尤其是在城市以外的地方, 年轻女性被期望在结婚时搬进丈夫家。
*She is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.
她对家务活太挑剔了, 以致佣人们不愿给她干活。
【词块积累】
be particular about sth. 　　　　　 对某事讲究/挑剔
in particular=particularly 尤其; 特别; 格外
语法填空。
(1)She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.  
(2)He is very particular about food while he doesn’t care about money.
(3)Text messages are very popular in recent years, particularly (particular) among young people.
5. lead to导致, 通向
*Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
尽管如此, 他在船上的冒险经历将通向他一生中最重要的科学发现之一。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace.
研究表明, 更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作环境
*You have been practicing habits and behaviors that have led to this situation.
你已经熟悉了的习惯和行为导致了目前的状况。
*The location made it difficult to lead a quiet personal life.
这个地方很难过安静的个人生活。
【词块积累】
lead/live a. . . life　　　 过……的生活
lead. . . to/into. . . 把……领到/领进……
lead the way 引路; 带路
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导某人做某事
语法填空。
(1)The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being caught(catch).  
(2)What was it that led you to leave(leave) America for Hong Kong?  
(3)It was an absurd arrangement, and bound to lead to a catastrophe.
6. evidence n. 证据, 证明; 迹象; 明显; vt. 证明
*It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
这只是一个想法, 但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。
*It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made. 我们已经清楚出了差错。
*The man wore a bathrobe and had evidently just come from the bathroom.
那个男子穿着浴袍, 显然是刚刚从浴室出来。
【词块积累】
evident 　　　　adj. 清楚的; 显然的
evidently adv. 显然地, 明显地
【知识延伸】
evident的同义词:
obvious, apparent, plain, clear, definite
重要句型:
It is evident/obvious/apparent/clear/plain/definite
. . . that 很明显……

语法填空。
(1)It was evident (evidence) that someone had gone through my possessions.
(2)(2019·天津高考)Stars apparently (apparent) do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
(3)The most hopeful data shared in the report show clear evidence(evident) of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.
7. evolve vt. 使发展; 使进化 vi. 发展
*It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
它们的喙似乎是根据那个很特别的岛上的食物种类进化而来的。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
东南亚的一群海洋居民已经进化成了更好的潜水员。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.
我们是进化的产物, 而不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。
【词块积累】
evolve into 　　 发展成, 进化成
evolve from 由……进化
evolution n. 进化, 发展

同义词辨析:
development, evolution这两个名词都表示“发展, 进化”之意。
①development 强调通过一系列自然过程或人工方法使某物潜在或隐藏的可能性显露出来, 得以实现。
②evolution 侧重指事物由简到繁, 由低级到高级的连续发展, 强调变化或演变。

(1)语法填空
①Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution(evolve).
②The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
(2)This was when he evolved the working method from which he has never departed. 　 
就在这个时候, 他逐步形成了那种他一直沿用至今的工作方法。
(3)In the other case, a kind of pseudoextinction (假灭绝)takes place, and the species may evolve into a new species.  
另一种情况是出现了一种假灭绝, 该物种可能进化成一个新物种。
8. suspect v. 猜想, 怀疑　n. 嫌疑犯
*Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor.
达尔文怀疑这些雀类是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的。
*(2020·天津高考) He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指着嫌疑犯, 打开了它。
*Suspected of being involved in the attempted murder, the man was questioned by the police last night.
由于涉嫌参与谋杀未遂, 这名男子昨晚接受了警方的讯问。
【词块积累】
suspect sb. of doing sth. 　　 怀疑某人做某事
suspect that 怀疑……

(1)Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs, the customs officials stopped him and went through his suitcase.
(2)My last advice is modesty. Don’t let others suspect that you are being arrogant and showing off.
(3)These are the personal details of a man the police suspect of robbing a bank.
拓视野·观天下
1. On May 1, FAST captured new fast radio bursts (FRB, 快速射电暴), which are quite short—only several milliseconds in duration. As FRBs are believed to be mysterious signals from distant space, the discovery will be significant to exploring the universe.
5月1日, “中国天眼”捕获新的快速射电暴, 很短, 只有几毫秒的时间。由于快速射电暴被认为是来自遥远空间的神秘信号, 这一发现对探索宇宙意义重大。
2. Is emoji evolving so rapidly that it will soon compete with English as a global language? Or is technology changing so fast that emojis will soon be forgotten when the next big thing comes along?
表情符号的发展是否如此之快, 以至于它很快就能与英语竞争全球语言的地位? 还是技术变化太快, 下一个大发明出现时表情符号很快就会被遗忘?
3. Founded by a not-for-profit organization, FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) events are modeled after traditional sports like basketball to generate excitement in robotics, Weiland said. First Tech Challenge is one of four FIRST programs.
Weiland说, 由一个非营利组织创立的FIRST(为了激发和认可科学技术)活动模仿了传统的体育运动, 比如篮球, 以激发机器人的激情。First Tech Challenge是四个FIRST项目之一。