英语Unit 5 Revealing nature导学案

Unit 5　Revealing nature

Using language

语法精讲·深化学习

过去完成时(Past perfect)

观察上面对话, 并根据提示完成句子。

1. 当我到达车站时, 火车已经走了。

When I arrived at the station, the train had left.  

2. 我原以为他会告诉我实情。

I had thought he could tell me the truth.  

3. 到上学期结束的时候, 我们已经学习了3 500个英语单词了。

By the end of the last term,  we had learned 3, 500 English words.  

一、过去完成时的定义

过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already,  before,  ever,  just,  never,  still,  yet), 也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语: since +时间点,  for + 时间段)。如:

*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She had split up with her husband the week before.

一周前她和丈夫分手了。

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Never had he earned so much money before in his life.

他一生中从未赚过这么多钱。

*When he was in Beijing,  he visited places where he had played as a child.

他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。

*By the time Jack returned home from England,  his son had already graduated from college.

杰克从英国回到家时, 他的儿子已经大学毕业了。

二、过去完成时的结构

过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。

三、过去完成时的应用

1. 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样, 使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如:

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 那年早些时候, 一场洪水袭击了这个地区, 洪水造成的损失赶走了一些鸟类。

*I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years.

上个月我被派到那个村子去看看过去两年的发展计划是如何执行的。

*After Darwin had spent some time in South America,  his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间后, 船上他的房间里摆满了他收集的动植物标本。

2. 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:

*(2020·江苏高考)He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.

他说, 他听到了保护这些箱子的呼声, 也看到其中一些被列为历史建筑。

*Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,  which had arrived on the islands a long time before.

达尔文怀疑, 这些雀类是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的, 他们很久以前就来到了这个岛上。

3. 动词expect,  hope,  suppose,  think,  want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如:

*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It didn’t turn out as I had wished.

结果并不如我所愿。

*We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。

4. 在hardly/scarcely . . . when. . .  ,  no sooner. . . than. . . 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如:

*I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.

我刚打开门, 他就打了我。

*He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

他刚买了这辆车, 转眼又卖了。

5. It was the first/second. . . time that. . . 这是第一/第二……次……

*It was the third time that the boy had been late.

这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。

语法填空。

1. (2020·浙江高考)By about 6000 BC,  people had discovered (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.  

2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)One morning she told her children about a family she had visited (visit) the day before.  

3. (2020·江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected (expect),  he examined the previous work again.  

4. The professor was very unhappy when she sold her house. After all, she had lived (live) in it for a long time.  

5. It was the first time that he had spoken (speak) to me in such a tune.  

使用本单元所学语法知识, 完成下列短文

1. 2020年初, 新型冠状病毒肺炎突袭中国, 全国人民积极响应国家的号召待在家里来抗击病毒。(answer the call)

2. 这是一种以前从未见过的病毒。科学家们积极采集病毒样本(collect virus samples)进行研究。

3. 正是在大家的共同努力下, 新型冠状病毒肺炎得以控制。(It is. . . that. . . )

4. 很明显我们的努力获得了成功, 创造了奇迹。(It is evident that. . . ,  generate wonder)

In early 2020, COVID-19 made a surprise attack on China,  and people across the country positively answered the country’s call to stay at home to fight the virus.  This was a virus that had never been seen before. Scientists had collected virus samples actively for research. It was thanks to our collective efforts that COVID-19 had been brought under control.  It was evident that our efforts had succeeded and generated wonders.  

主题活动·话题实践

Revealing nature

Ⅰ. 话题词汇

1. environment-friendly products　  环保产品

2. take effective measures to protect rare animals

           采取有效措施保护珍稀动物

3. go against nature       违背自然规律

4. protect the endangered animals from being killed

           保护濒临灭绝的动物不被杀害

5. (be) in danger of extinction/becoming extinct/dying out

           处于濒临灭绝的危险之中

6. keep/damage the balance of nature  保持/破坏生态平衡

7. create a pleasant ecological environment

           创造良好的生态环境

8. live in harmony with animals    和动物和谐相处

9. devote to protecting wildlife    致力于保护野生动物

10. arouse people’s awareness of wildlife protection

           唤醒人们保护野生动植物的意识

Ⅱ. 话题情境

根据情境和提示完成对话。

1. A: With more and more trees cut down,  ①the balance of nature(自然平衡) has been damaged,  which has caused many wild animals and plants ②in danger of extinction(处于濒临灭绝的危险中).   

B:  I can’t agree more. It’s high time that we ③aroused/should arouse people’s awareness of wildlife protection(唤起人们保护野生动物的意识).   

2. A:  Our government should ①devote to protecting wildlife(致力于保护野生动物),  ②preventing the endangered animals from being killed(防止濒临灭绝的动物被杀害).   

B:  I think so. What’s more,  in my opinion, ③effective measures should be taken(应该采取有效的措施) to protect rare wildlife,  including punishing the hunters severely.  

Ⅲ. 情境句式

1. Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment. / It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.

保护环境, 人人有责。

2. In spite of all this,  the government called on the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.

尽管如此, 政府还是号召全国支援被这次大灾难袭击的地区。

3. The city government took effective measures to protect rare animals. 市政府采取有效措施保护珍稀动物。

4. The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage.

目的是唤醒公众对水资源缺乏的严重性的意识。

5. In this activity,  students have raised their awareness of environmental protection.

在这次活动中, 学生已经提高了他们的环保意识。

Ⅳ. 情境交流

老师正在和同学们讨论最近刚看到的一篇关于濒危动物保护的文章……

Teacher:  From the passage we know that 1. thousands of endangered animals are facing the threat of being bought and sold on the Internet(成千上万的濒危动物正面临着在互联网上被买卖的威胁).  

Student A:  Traders make a great profit from it, which is illegal.

Teacher:  Therefore,  2. it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them(现在是我们迅速采取行动保护他们的时候了). What can we do?  

Student B:  The government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals.

Student C: If I were one of the endangered animals,  3. I would hope that man could be a good friend of mine rather than my enemy(我希望人类能成为我的好朋友而不是我的敌人).