高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language课后作业题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language课后作业题，共9页。
十六　Unit 4　Period 4Ⅰ. 阅读理解　　Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television,  nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths,  and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle it is. Obviously,  the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course,  some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s talent show,  humans are a species of animal that has developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms,  it’s an ability for communicating information to others by varying sounds we make as we breathe out. Not that we don’t have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions,  such as anger,  or joy,  or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly,  the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering. Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals,  including human beings,  instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct?  If so,  how did human beings acquire this amazing skill?  Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function,  but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history. 【语篇概述】本文讲述了人类使用语言的能力, 人类与其他动物共有的“身势语”以及动物如何使用“身势语”。1. According to the passage,  the wonder we take for granted is _______.  A. our ability to use languageB. the miracle of technologyC. the amazing power of natureD. our ability to make noises with mouths【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的叙述可知, 我们每天都在用语言交流我们的思想感情, 这是一个奇迹, 但是因其自然流露, 我们完全忽视了它的功能与作用, 想当然地认为就是这个样子。D项有一定干扰性, 但叙述不完全。2. What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to? A. Nature’s talent show. B. A species of animal. C. A special act of humans. D. Information communicated to others. 【解析】选C。代词指代题。根据语境可知, 此处“it”是就近指代上一句中的“their own special act”, 即“人类所形成的自己的独特的行为”。句意: 如果我们用最简单的词语来概括它的话, 那它是一种通过变化我们呼气时所发出的声音来向别人交流信息的能力。3. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals? A. Lifting heads when sad. B. Keeping long faces when angry. C. Bristling hair when ready to attack. D. Bowing heads when willing to obey. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Similarly,  the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering. ”可知, 俯首是人和动物表示服从时的共同之处。4. This passage is mainly about _______.  A. the development of body languageB. the special role humans play in natureC. the power to convey information to othersD. the difference between humans and animals is language use【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文讲述了人类使用语言的能力、人类与其他动物共有的“身势语”以及动物如何使用“身势语”。总之, 本文讲述了人与动物传达信息的能力。Ⅱ. 阅读填句(2021·桂林高二检测)Want to Be Happy at Work?  Care Less About It　　A friend recently told me that she was ready to quit her job, explaining to me that there were big changes at her workplace and no way she could perform all her tasks on time.  　1　  　　For many of us introverts(内向的人), our professional efforts and results are a reflection of ourselves and our dedication to our employer. Because we aren’t the social butterflies of the office,  we feel a need to prove to our superiors that we are smart,  hard-working, and dependable. For people like me and my close-to-quitting friend, the concept of giving anything less than our best doesn’t cross our mind. 　　　2　 We are disappointed and frustrated when we can’t always achieve those standards.  　　It’s great to make a difference at work, but you have to take care of yourself first. Putting in slightly less effort in times of high stress doesn’t mean you don’t care about your job.  　3　Consider this saying:  The perfect is the enemy of the good. When you reduce the pressure on yourself to attain perfection, you can flow more quickly and easily through your tasks.  　4　  　　Here is my advice for you when you find yourself in the midst of panic. 　　First,  ask yourself:  what’s the worst that will happen if I miss a deadline by one day? 　　　5　 Write down the specific tasks that are causing the feelings of stress. Talk it out with a friend or family member. You might discover that the situation isn’t as horrible as you thought. By approaching your tasks one at a time you can make real progress.  A. We set high standards for ourselves. B. It means you care about yourself more. C. The pressure on yourself should’t be ignored. D. You might achieve more when you care less. E. As her friend who’d been in a similar situation, I wanted to help. F. Next,  slow down and analyze what,  precisely,  is stressing you out. G. Freedom from the weight of perfection can be creatively liberating. 【语篇概述】作者劝解要辞职的朋友, 工作中要想快乐, 就要少一些担心, 不考虑太多, 不要太过追求工作中的完美。1. 【解析】选E。文章首段叙述作者的一个朋友准备辞职和辞职的原因, 故E项 (作为她以前有过类似处境的朋友, 我想帮帮她。)符合语境。2. 【解析】选A。下文写到“当我们不能总是达到那些标准时, 我们感到失望和沮丧”。A项(我们为自己设定了很高的标准。)符合行文逻辑。3. 【解析】选B。上句表示“在压力很大的时候, 减少一点点努力并不意味着你不关心你的工作”, 故B项(这意味着你更关心自己。)符合语境。4. 【解析】选G。根据上文中的信息词 perfect以及 perfection可知, G项符合语境。5. 【解析】选F。上文介绍了作者的第一条建议, 故F项(下一步, 放慢速度, 分析一下是什么使你非常紧张。)符合行文逻辑。Ⅲ. 完形填空　　This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently 　1　the shop.  So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how 　2　 I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had 　3　 you the last time. ” He smiled. Before starting the 　4　, he added, “What if I keep it long? ” I 　5　 he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I can’t 　6　 what would happen to your shop then! ” The moment I said it, the assistant 　7　from behind. “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh? ” I admit I was too 　8　 at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an 　9　 look.  From that day on, I 　10　 stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works. It is one of the most 　11　 incidents in my life, which taught me to 　12　the profession and works of a person, no matter how 　13　 they are.  I’m 　14　 that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a 　15　.  【语篇概述】本文记叙作者10岁时的一次理发经历, 从此认识到言语的力量, 不能随意拿别人的职业来开玩笑。1. A. left　 　B. opened　　C. joined　　D. visited【解析】选C。 由下文可知, 理发师的助手跟我不熟悉, 应该是最近到店工作的。joined加入。left离开; opened开门, 开张; visited拜访, 故选C。2. A. much  B. long   C. often  D. soon【解析】选B。根据第三段理发师伯伯跟我开玩笑说“What if I keep it long? ”可知, 他这里应该是问我想把头发剪到多长。how long多长; how much多少; how often多频繁; how soon多快。3. A. instructed  B. invitedC. promised   D. convinced【解析】选A。句意: 按照我爸爸上次吩咐你的那样理。instruct指示, 命令; invite邀请; promise承诺; convince说服, 使确信。4. A. discussion  B. journeyC. training    D. haircut【解析】选D。由本文内容可知, 本文讲的是理发的事。句意: 在他开始理发之前。discussion讨论; journey路程; training训练, 均不符合语境。5. A. agreed   B. heardC. hoped    D. knew【解析】选D。这里强调的是“我知道伯伯在开玩笑”, 所以接下来才以一个玩笑来回应。heard听到; hoped希望; agreed同意。6. A. forget   B. tolerateC. guarantee   D. understand【解析】选C。句意: 我可不能保证那时你的理发店会发生什么事情! forget忘记; tolerate忍受; understand理解。7. A. urged    B. shoutedC. laughed    D. helped【解析】选B。句意: 我说出口的那一刻, 理发师助理就从后面大声说道, “你怎么敢这么说! 你是谁能够打倒我们? ”urged催促; laughed笑; helped帮助。跟我并不熟悉的店员觉得我这样说是太大胆了, 不够尊重人, 所以就冲我大声说出了那句话。8. A. angry    B. proudC. scared    D. curious【解析】选C。根据下一段中的. . . stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works 可知, 当时只有10岁的作者看到理发师助理如此反应而感到害怕(scared)。9. A. anxious   B. appealingC. encouraging  D. awkward【解析】选D。从接下来的一段话可知, 因为我凶巴巴的样子, 理发师伯伯感觉有些尴尬(awkward)。anxious焦虑; appealing有吸引力的, 恳求的; encouraging鼓励的。结合上文选项解释, awkward才符合文意。10. A. suddenly  B. completelyC. temporarily   D. regularly【解析】选B。 句意: 从那天起我就完全不再拿其他人的职业和作品来开玩笑了。suddenly突然地; temporarily暂时地; regularly经常。只有completely才能表达作者的确吸取教训, “完全”停止开玩笑的意思。11. A. important  B. excitingC. strange    D. interesting【解析】选A。根据后面定语从句中的taught可知, 这件事情让我认识到要尊重他人, 因此是“重要的”。12. A. learn   B. enterC. change    D. respect【解析】选D。句意: 这件事教会我要尊重别人的职业和作品, 不管他们(的身份)多么卑微。learn学习; enter进入; change改变。13. A. hard    B. smallC. good    D. complex【解析】选B。 small细小, 地位低下。hard困难的, 努力的; good好的; complex复杂的。结合上文选项解释, small符合逻辑。14. A. sorry   B. confidentC. grateful    D. embarrassed【解析】选C。 句意: 我感激那位助理回应的方式, 这让我重新思考话语的力量。sorry遗憾, 伤心的; confident自信的; embarrassed尴尬的。15. A. difference  B. mistakeC. choice    D. joke【解析】选A。make a difference指“有作用或影响”, 为固定搭配。“话语确实可以产生很大影响”, 这是我的体会。make a mistake犯错误; make a choice做出选择; make a joke开玩笑。Ⅳ. 语法填空(2021·张家口高二检测)　　“Culture shock” is the name 1. ___________(give) by people to the feeling of discomfort and confusion 2. usually occurs when someone goes into a new and different culture. Unfamiliar social customs,  values,  weather,  changes in diet can all contribute 3. physical and emotional discomfort.  4. (accept) this as a normal process helps to ease the feeling. To overcome the feeling,  we encourage you 5. ___________(speak) with fellow students or teachers about any challenges you may be experiencing as 6. ___________result of culture shock. For example,  American culture values time as a resource,  placing great emphasis on punctuality (准时). They spend time almost as if it 7. ___________ (be) money,  so it is important to arrive on time. Additionally,  many international students are 8. ___________ (surprise) at the American learning style. US professors expect students to ask questions and voice their 9. ___________ (opinion). And,  do not hesitate to visit your professor during his or her office hours if you are not clear about a material.  10. ___________ you speak up,  professors will assume that you understand.  【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是文化冲突以及解决文化冲突的办法。1. 【解析】given。考查非谓语动词。由后文的by可知, 此处用过去分词作定语, 故填given。2. 【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。此处the feeling of discomfort and confusion 是先行词, 在后面的定语从句中作主语, 故填 which/that。3. 【解析】to。考查固定短语。contribute to 意为“导致”。故填to。4. 【解析】Accepting。考查非谓语动词。此处作主语需用动名词。5. 【解析】to speak。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to speak。6. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处是固定短语 as a result of,  意为“由于”。7. 【解析】were。考查虚拟语气。此处as if 后用虚拟语气, 故填were。8. 【解析】surprised。考查形容词。此处be surprised at 意为“对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。9. 【解析】opinions。考查名词。根据空前的their 可知, 这里应用复数形式, 故填opinions。10. 【解析】Unless。考查连词。根据句意可知这里表示“除非你说出来, 否则教授会认为你明白了”。阅读理解Teenagers are reported higher levels of stress than adults,  and refer to school as the highest contributing factor,  according to the American Psychological Association’s annual report. In response,  recently some schools have turned to mindfulness-based programs as a way to relieve stress among their students. In a study led by the University of Washington,  researchers explored art-based mindfulness activities that schools could use to reduce headaches,  a common side effect of stress in adolescent girls. After three weeks of twice-weekly mindfulness and art therapy (疗法) sessions,  the girls were reported experiencing significantly fewer headaches. The team selected eight girls between the ages of 14 to 17 from a high school in Seattle. All of the participants were reported experiencing three or more headaches not related to an injury within a two-week period,  and five of the eight mentioned tension or stress as the main reason for headaches. During the program,  the students met twice a week for a 50-minute session with the research team. Each session began with an activity in which students would map where they were feeling stressed on a drawing of a body. Then the teens would participate in mindfulness and art activities before closing the session with another body map. While the teens experienced fewer headaches after the study,  their overall stress levels didn’t change much. But they were reported feeling better,  saying that they felt like they could handle whatever happened for the rest of the day. “It’s not just about this study, ” Björling said. “This problem of teen mental health and headaches is so big that I’m worried about what happens if we don’t take it on. Teens will want nothing to do with art mindfulness. So we need to come at this in lots of different ways. We’re going to need a group of people and a variety of options. ”【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍了艺术疗法可以缓解青少年的压力这一研究成果。1. What did the students need to do at the beginning of each session during the program? A. Draw a map of a stressed body. B. Explain their stress by drawing. C. Report their health problem resulting from stress. D. Locate the position of stress on a drawing of a body. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段第二句“Each session began with an activity in which students would map where they were feeling stressed on a drawing of a body. ”可知, 实验开始时, 学生要在一幅身体的图画上标出自己感到有压力的地方。故选D。2. What does Björling intend to do? A. Consult more experts in the field. B. Do more related research on more people. C. Focus more on teenagers’ mental problems. D. Promote the research findings around the world. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由短文最后一段“So we need to come at this in lots of different ways. We’re going to need a group of people and a variety of options. ”这两句可知, Björling打算对更多的人进行相关研究。3. From the passage,  we can learn that _______.  A. teens feel confident about their ability to handle the dayB. teens can handle whatever happens in their livesC. teens can get rid of their headaches completelyD. teens feel more puzzled after the study【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段末句“But they were reported feeling better,  saying that they felt like they could handle whatever happened for the rest of the day. ”可知, 在处理当天接下来发生的问题时学生充满自信。故选A。4. What may be the best title for the passage? A. Teenagers’ Mental Health ProblemB. Less Stress,  More HappinessC. Art Therapy Reduce Teens’ HeadachesD. What Is Mindfulness-based Program【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要说明艺术疗法可以缓解青少年的压力。C项概括了本文的主旨, 适合作标题。