2022年深圳中考英语新题型六选五学案

这是一份2022年深圳中考英语新题型六选五学案，共6页。学案主要包含了题型分析，解题步骤，牢记答题技巧，解题策略，命题点5 根据同畴词推断，命题点6 根据近义词，命题点7 根据派生词推断，命题点8 根据解释关系推断等内容，欢迎下载使用。
二、解题步骤
第一步:速读全文，理解文章大意和结构。阅读过程中要注意文章的开头与结尾。首段对快速把握文章主题具有重要意义，作者往往会在开篇提出话题，点明文章主要探讨的内容。如果首段没有提到文章主题，则应快速浏览各段首句和结尾句，从而把握文章主要内容。
第二步:细读文章,寻找解题线索。浏览全文，明确文章主题后,应仔细阅读全文，标记出空格
前后句子中的解题线索，如语义逻辑线索、核心词汇线索、代词线索等，再从备选项中寻找相关联
的线索。对于一时拿不准的空格，可暂时搁置一边，继续往下读，读完整篇文章,清楚文章的主旨、
段落之间的逻辑关系之后，再回过头做剩下的题目。
第三步:代入选项，检查上下文语义是否合乎逻辑。完成选项后，应通读全文，检查上下句语
义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题、语篇结构是否合乎逻辑。最后，还应注意分析排除的
干扰项，确保排除的选项与文章主题和空格前后语句没有关联。
三、牢记答题技巧
第一点:答题前应先速读全文，理解文章主旨和文章框架。切忌边看文章边作答。
第二点:作答时应先细读每个选项,注意填的选项与上下文语义是否衔接、逻辑是否连贯。
第三点:每选择一个选项，都要确保其他选项均不能填入该空格处。
第四点:作答完成后，还应再次通读全文,检查填的选项是否正确。
四、解题策略
1.根据空格位置解题
(1)当空格设在段首时,最可能存在以下两种情形:一是空格处可能是段落主题句。此时，考生应仔细阅读段落内容,选择与段落大意一致的选项。二是空格处可能是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。这种情况下，考生需要瞻前顾后，即阅读上一段结尾部分及空格后面内容，寻找能将前后内容衔接起来的过渡句。
(2)当空格设在段中时，空格处多应填入过渡性句子或细节句。这种情况下，空格处往往与上下文存在某种语义逻辑关系，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系。这时应仔细阅读前后句子，根据文中关键词，在备选项中寻找语义、逻辑与之关联的选项。
(3)当空格设在段尾时，空格处通常是为概括性的结论，这时应注意查找包含结论、总结的选项，如therefre、as a result、s等表达。
2.根据逻辑线索解题
语篇是连贯的，换言之,语篇之所以不是一堆散乱的语言片段，是因为组成语篇的各部分(段
落、句子、短语等)之间具有一定的逻辑语义关系。 语篇中的各种逻辑关系通过一些标志词体现，
牢牢抓住这些逻辑关系词，问题往往可迎刃而解。以下是一-些逻辑关系的标志词:
(1)转折让步关系:but、yet、hwever、althugh、instead、thugh、while、whereas despite等。
(2)并列递进关系:and、r、als、besides、even 、similarly、in the same way、meanwhile、furthermre、mrever等。
(3)因果关系:therefre、thus、as a result、 fr this reasn 、f curse等。
(4)解析、举例关系:fr example、fr instance、that is t say、in ther wrds、that means等。
3.巧用代词线索
代词用于指代上文提及的人、事物或整句话。但凡空格前后、选项中出现代词时，应查找到具
体代指的内容,代人选项后检查前后语义是否连贯、合乎逻辑。巧用代词线索,不仅有助提高解题
速度，而且有助提高答题的准确率。
命题点分类集训
一、命题点1 根据承上启下关系推断
Paragraph 1 （2020年吉林）（难易程度：★ ）
Suppse yu’re in Lndn and trying t find the bus t take yu t Hyde Park. This shuld be easy. But if yu can’t speak the language, it can be a prblem. What will yu d ? 1
Knw the place yu want t g.
Yu can always tell thers the name f the place where yu want t g……. Whatever it is, if yu d a little hmewrk t remember its name, yu can ask the way much mre easily.
A. Here is sme advice n hw t ask the way in a freign cuntry.
B. Take a map r a picture.
解析：根据空前的“what will yu d?” 和下文给出的建议可以判断此处应该填一个承上启下的过渡句引出下文，答案：A
Paragraph 2 (2020年黄冈) （难易程度：★ ）
What is health? “Health” means eating well, getting enugh exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let’s read the fllwing rules. 1
1.Eat different kinds f fds, especially fruit and vegetables. We all knw that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy, …… Remember that we can nly get the nutritin(营养) we need by eating different kinds f fds, especially fruit and vegetables.
A. They include a lt f sugar.
B. They can help yu keep healthy.
解析：根据空前的句子“Let’s read the fllwing rules.”和后面介绍的一些保持健康的规则，可以推断出这里需要承上启下的句子：“这些规则能帮助保持健康。”答案：B
Paragraph 3 (2020年青岛) （难易程度： ★ ★ ）
Yu've been learning wrds since yu were a tiny baby. At first, yu learned them nly by hearing ther peple talk. Nw that yu're a reader, yu have anther way t learn wrds. What shuld yu d when yu cme t a wrd and yu think yu dn't knw what it means？ 1
Say it
First, sund it ut. Then say it t yurself．…… Smetimes yu knw a wrd in yur head but yu dn't knw what it lks like in print. S if yu match up what yu knw and what yu read ─ yu have the wrd!
A. Yu can find the wrd in a dictinary.
B. Fllwing sme easy steps can help yu.
解析：根据上句“What shuld yu d when yu cme t a wrd and yu think yu dn't knw what it means？” 及下文的小标题“Say it” 可以知道此处是一个承上启下的过渡句。答案：B
二、命题点2 根据并列递进关系推断
Paragraph 1(2020年连云港) （难易程度： ★ ★ ）
Vlunteering allws vlunteers t meet new peple, try ut new skills and explre career chices. 1
Take Andrew Makhul, a student at the University f Pennsylvania, as an example. Andrew didn’t spend his last spring break relaxing. Instead, the 19-year-ld by decided t d smething fr peple wh were less lucky than himself. He travelled t an rphanage(孤儿院) in Guatemala in Central American……. And it depends n vlunteers t stay pen.
A. It is a chance fr pr children t get better care and supprt.
B. Fr yung adults, valuable lessns may als be learned thrugh vlunteering.
解析：根据前一句 “Vlunteering allws vlunteers t meet new peple, try ut new skills and explre career chices.”可以知道，这里是介绍志愿活动的好处。分析选项，B 符合语境，介绍了志愿活动的又一个好处。答案：B
三、命题点3 根据转折关系推断
Paragraph 1(2020年昆明) （难易程度： ★ ）
Yu may have already frgtten the days when yu had t learn hw t use chpsticks. Every Chinese kids struggles with them fr sme time. 1 They cme with their wn special rules and traditins.
A. Hw Chinese kids learn t use chpsticks?
B. But chpsticks are nt just simple tls t pick up fd.
解析：根据前一句“Every Chinese kids struggles with them fr sme time.”可以知道每个中国孩子都和他们斗争了一段时间，可以推断出下面的内容是转折，但是筷子不只是拿起食物的简单工具。它们有自己的特殊规则和传统。答案：B
Paragraph 2(2020年岳阳) （难易程度： ★ ★ ）
When yu are a teenager, it seems that every time yu say, “I want t……” , yur parents answer, “ N, yu can’t.” Teenagers ften think they shuld be allwed t make their wn decisins, 1
Li Hai, a 15-year-ld by frm Huarng, is a middle schl student. He is ften late fr schl because he stays up t late……. Unless he arrives at schl n time, he will be punished by his teacher.
A. he will argue with his father r mther.
B. but their parents may wrry abut children’s develpment.
解析：根据前面的“I want t……” , yur parents answer, “ N, yu can’t.”可以知道此处是讲青少年和父母之间的矛盾，所以这里用but转折，引出父母。答案：B
四、命题点4 同词复现
Paragraph 1 (2019山西节选) （难易程度： ★ ）
Li Enhui said in an interview,“As lng as we are alive, there are n prblems that cannt be slved, and many peple dn't have my experiences. 1 Such an idea makes many adults feel embarrassed.
A.“Pr students” are usually hard-wrking and caring.
B. And these experiences make me grw and becme better.
解析：根据上文的 “my experiences”及上下文语境可知此处所填内容与“我”的经历相关,分析备选项可知B项符合语境。此处为"experience 的复现。答案：B。
Paragraph 2(2019荆门节选) （难易程度： ★ ★ ）
Stay clean.
N ne likes a bad smell that culd knck smene ver. Shwer every day, brush yur teeth and wash yur hair. 1
Be respectful f peple's differences.
2 And everyne believes in different things. It is a gd thing t have different friends with different pinins because yu can each share yur wn.
A. Starting a new life might make yu excited.
B. Everyne has his r her wn pinin f the wrld.
C. Yu are suppsed t make yurself lk clean and tidy, whatever yu wear.
解析：1.根据本段的小标题“Stay clean.”可以知道这里应该填与保持清洁相关的内容。 “clean” 的复现。答案：C
2.根据下文“It is a gd thing t have different friends with different pinins because yu can each share yur wn. ”可以知道这里所填的内容与不同的观点相关。此处为“pinin”复现。答案：B
Paragraph 3 (2019威海节选) （难易程度：★ ★ ）
The mst imprtant way t manage yur time is t set pririties( 优先权). 1 Als, cnsider whether r nt they are urgent─if they need t be dne right away. It can be easy t frget imprtant tasks that aren't urgent, s make time fr them.
A. That way I can make sure I dn't frget anything.
B. Figure ut which f yur task is the mst imprtant.
解析：根据下文“It can be easy t frget imprtant tasks that aren't urgent,”结合语境，知道此处填与重要且紧急情况相关，此处为“imprtant tasks” 复现。答案：B
Paragraph 4 (2019烟台节选) （难易程度：★ ★ ）
◆Create a cmfrtable reading space.
Chse a special place with right furnishings( 装饰)，blankets and pillws fr yur children and put a bkcase f yur children's bks. 1 If yur children feel like they have gt their wn special place fr reading, they will prbably spend time in their little space with all their new favrite bks.
2
If yu want Yur children t learn t lve reading, set aside a few minutes every day t read tgether, n matter hw busy yu are.
A. Set aside time t read tgether.
B. Reading tgether is the perfect way t relax befre bedtime.
C. This special place may push yur children t start t lve reading.
解析：1.根据上文 “Chse a special place with right furnishings( 装饰)，”可以判断此处填写的内容与选择的特殊地方相关，此处为“special place” 的复现，答案:C
2.根据下文“set aside a few minutes every day t read tgether”可以判断此处与阅读的时间相关，是“set aside a few minutes” 的复现，答案：A
五、命题点5 根据同畴词推断
Paragraph 1（2019南充节选 ）（难易程度：★ ）
As ne f the wrld tp universities, Stanfrd has many subjects that stand amng the tp nes in the wrld. 1 If yu want t study cmputer in a university abrad, maybe it is yur best chice.
A. The tallest building is Stanfrd is Hver Twer.
B. And cmputer science has been the first fr many years.
解析:根据上文“Stanfrd has many subjects that stand amng the tp nes in the wrld.”可知此处所填内容与斯坦福大学的科目相关，分析备选项可知B项符合语境。
六、命题点6 根据近义词、反义词推断
七、命题点7 根据派生词推断
八、命题点8 根据解释关系推断
九、命题点9 根据因果关系推断
十、命题点10 根据举例推断
十一、命题点11 通过概括总结推断
题量
5道题，每道题目1分,共计5分
题型
根据文章内容从A- F共6个选项中，选出5项填入文中相应的空白处，使补全后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯
话题
题材广泛,包括服饰、日常生活娱乐与媒体、饮食、医疗健康与运动、爱好、住房与家庭等
考点
主要考查考生对文章架构、整体内容和篇章衔接知识的运用