2022届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题三　完形填空

这是一份2022届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题三　完形填空，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，命题透析•知考情，策略指导•觅捷径，命题特点，Group 1，Group 2，Group 3，Group 4等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第二部分
专题三　完形填空
英 语
2022
内容索引
No.1　考情透析•明晰完形填空考什么
No.2　读文总策略•破解完形填空必备3大策略
No.3　题型微技法•提升完形填空解题6大技法
No.4　真题实战•经典对练拿高分
No.1　考情透析•明晰完形填空考什么
命题透析•知考情
策略指导•觅捷径
No.2　读文总策略•破解完形填空必备3大策略
策略一　运用文体意识, 快速提升读文速度
任何一篇文章都有它自己的文体归属, 任何一种文体都有区别于其他文体的特点, 这些特点鲜明地表现在内容的选择、结构的安排、技巧的运用和语言的表达等方面。由文体决定的这些特点对于文章的理解具有十分重要的意义。
在完形填空语篇阅读中, 研读文体特点,正确运用文体意识有助于快速洞悉文章脉络和提升答题准确率。
策略二　采用正确解题步骤, 避免一叶障目
做完形填空题时,首先要通读全文和选项, 对文意有个大致的了解, 弄清楚主旨大意后, 再进行第二遍精读并答题。最大的禁忌就是急于求成, 贸然行动, 脱离语篇大环境, 仅凭主观臆断, 造成 “只见树木, 不见森林” 的片面性错误。明确解题步骤, 是做好完形填空题的关键之一。
策略三　研究典例, 掌握文章脉络分析技巧
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 　41　 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 　42　throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 　43　 help during our spring break, for which I had no 　44　 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 　45　 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 　46　. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 　47　.  
Our 　48　 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 　49　 bunny from the belt. This was 　50　 than it sounds. 　51　 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 　52　.  Dad 　53　. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 　54　 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 　55　 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 
41.A.sold　　B.ordered　C.made　　D.reserved42.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens43.A.generous B.financialC.technical D.temporary44.A.plans B.problemsC.excuses D.hobbies45.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest46.A.worked B.closedC.developed D.survived
47.A.ambition B.permissionC.experience D.invitation48.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices49.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper51.A.Calm down B.Slow downC.Stay on D.Move on52.A.indicated B.witnessedC.expected D.remembered
53.A.cried B.smiledC.hesitated D.refused54.A.tasting B.findingC.sharing D.delivering55.A.withdraw B.donateC.receive D.appreciate
脉络分析一、故事背景文章首段点明故事的背景: My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. 人物: I; 时间: in middle school; 地点: in a baking factory; 事件: worked as a tax-paying employed person
二、故事进展My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its stores throughout Cleveland.我最好的朋友贝齐的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理, 在复活节期间, 霍夫面包店为克利夫兰所有的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。
ßIt happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.碰巧在我们的春假期间, 市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙, 对于春假, 我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外, 没有别的计划。
ßOur roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.我们在工厂里的任务很简单: 把蛋糕放在传送带上, 放上糖霜做的耳朵, 涂上糖霜眼睛和鼻子, 把兔子蛋糕从传送带上取下来。ßThis was harder than it sounds. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.  这个工作比听起来要难得多。因为速度一旦放慢一点, 蛋糕就会堆积。
ßAs I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected.第一天晚上吃饭的时候, 我告诉父母, 这个工作的压力比我预期的要大一点。
三、结局与启示This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.他告诉我, 这种工作让你对自己挣的钱心存感激, 并且尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
No.3　题型微技法•提升完形填空解题6大技法
技法1　利用词汇线索　
复现是一种语义衔接手段, 它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词以及同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念, 使整篇文章上下连贯, 有机衔接。因此, 考生可根据文章的具体情况, 理解文章的结构和语境, 利用文中的语义线索选择正确的答案。
(1)原词复现【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)...I’d 　45　 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory worked... This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.45.A.offer　　 B.earn　　C.set　　 D.suggest分析: 根据下文的the dollars you earned可推知, 此处表示挣得工资, 空格处所填的词与下文的earned为原词复现。offer “提供”; earn “挣得”; set “放置; 使处于”; suggest “建议; 暗示”。故选B项。答案: B
(2)同义词或近义词复现【典例印证2】(2021·浙江卷)...My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand in case the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 　53　 for all of their groceries.  ...53.A.energy B.money C.space D.time
分析: 根据上文的a five-dollar bill可知, 作者的母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票, 以防有其他人没有足够的 “钱” 来支付他们所购买的东西。a five-dollar bill 与money的意思相近。energy “能量; 精力”; money “钱”; space “地方; 空间”; time “时间”。故选B项。答案: B
(3)反义词复现【典例印证3】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)...They’ll have out half the goods in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a particular colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 　47　. ...47.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing
分析: 根据上文的upset可知, 这里表示 “我” 知道店员会多么郁闷, 但 “我” 尽力劝他们保持微笑(smiling)。upset与smiling在意义上相反。答案: B
【对点微练习】A(2021·北京东城第一学期期末检测)A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history teacher, thanks to some supportive students....“After several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they wanted me to be their 　4　,” he said... 4.A.driver B.adviser C.friend D.teacher
答案 D　解析 根据本文首段第一句中的history teacher可以判断, 一些学生想让他做他们的历史老师, 该处复现了teacher一词。故选D项。
B(2021·福建福州3月质检)...Later, I often relied on Chand and his colleagues to take messages, bringing support and 　51　. His hopeful words gave me some relief... 51.A.comfort B.ideas C.caution D.solutions
答案 A　解析 根据下文中的relief可推知, 此处表示带来支持和安慰。relief与comfort为近义词复现。故选A项。
技法2　利用习惯搭配　
完形填空有时候会考查习惯搭配、地道的小语块以及一些固定的结构。做题时要留意选项与空格前后的词汇是否为习惯搭配或者固定结构。
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 　41　 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin... 41.A.attached B.allocatedC.exposed D.submitted
分析: 根据语境可知, 由于意大利的隐私法, 主人公的真名不能暴露在公众面前。be exposed to是固定用法, 意为 “暴露于”。答案: C
【对点微练习】A(2021·八省八校第一次联考)...I still remember the first one. I was 　46　 by how real the sound of the piano was... 46.A.amused B.frightened C.struck D.accessed
答案 C　解析 根据语境可知, 作者第一次上钢琴课, 被钢琴真实的声音打动了。be struck by sth意为 “被某物打动”, 是固定搭配。故选C项。
B(2021·江苏扬州第一学期适应性测试)...Sometimes we get lucky when we do something wrong.Still, sometimes we don’t. I often wonder what 　54　 those who didn’t make it to graduation. The surest way to stay out of trouble is to avoid it in the first place. 54.A.became of B.brought aboutC.got across D.brought out
答案 A　解析 根据语境可知, 作者常常琢磨那些没能毕业的人后来怎么样了。what became of sb/sth为固定表达, 意为 “(遭遇)如何, (结果)怎么样”。故选A项。
命题特点
技法3　利用逻辑关系　
完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文之间的逻辑关系, 找准关键信息词, 可以帮助考生解题。常见的逻辑关系包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们有的通过连接词来表达, 有的则隐含在句与句之间, 需要分析理解。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)...Remove bunny from the belt. This was harder than it sounds. 　51　 a bit and the cakes pile up... 51.A.Calm down B.Slow downC.Stay on D.Move on
分析: 根据上文内容可知,“我” 们要把蛋糕从传送带上取下, 再根据下文的the cakes pile up可推知, 如果工作的速度稍微慢一点, 就会出现蛋糕堆积的情况。calm down “镇静下来”; slow down “放慢速度”; stay on “留下来继续”; move on “开始做”。故选B项。答案: B
【对点微练习】A(2021·湖北武汉3月质检)...The water level had risen, and soon I was swinging the extinguisher underwater. I had to 　48　 for air and down to take as many swings as my breath would allow... 48.A.go out B.go awayC.go up D.go over
答案 C　解析 根据上文可知, 水位上升, 很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器。根据逻辑关系可推知, 作者被淹没在水下了, 他就不得不从水中浮上来呼吸空气。go out “出去”; go away “离开”; go up “浮上来”; go over “仔细检查”。故选C项。
B(2021·江苏南通第一次调研)...When you are little, so much of life is new and strange that you quickly accept even the strangest things as being perfectly normal. But I remember thinking it was 　50　 that so many of these very old women were holding dolls and teddy bears tight. ...50.A.odd B.nice C.right D.certain
答案 A　解析 根据上文可知, 当你还小的时候, 生活中有很多东西是新奇的, 你会很快接受即使是最奇怪的东西也是完全正常的。根据But可知, 上下文之间为转折关系, 因此作者认为这么多老太太拿着娃娃和泰迪熊是奇怪的。故选A项。
技法4　利用语境暗示　
高考完形填空经常设置前后互相暗示的题目。如果是前面暗示后面, 可以从上文寻找解题线索, 这种情况相对比较容易。但在高考题中后面暗示前面的情况较多, 也就是说前面的某些填空从当时的情况来看, 要么线索不明, 要么语境不清, 看似无法作答, 但只要我们仔细阅读下文, 就会发现下文的某个地方有暗示。所以, 在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索, 确保答案正确。
【典例印证】(2021·浙江卷)...Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 　39　 about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap... 39.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned
分析: 根据下文的 “The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without...” 可知, 作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的东西放下。由此可推知, 作者的母亲带的现金不够。short “缺少的”; cautious “谨慎的”; wrong “错误的”; concerned “关心的”。故选A项。答案: A
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东济南高三学情诊断)What if everyone in the world were exactly alike? The world would be extremely boring. I believe it’s important to 　22　 people for who they are. Differences are important and they should be respected. ...22.A.trust B.praise C.accept D.compare
答案 C　解析 根据下文中的语境线索important以及they should be respected可推知, 作者认为接受人们本来的样子是很重要的。故选C项。
B(2021·广东广州毕业班综合测试)...But, look carefully and you’ll see many things that seem real... but they’re not.The fishing village is full of trompe l’oeil—an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be...Fortunately, in Camogli, local art and culture are still alive. But remember, don’t always 　55　 your eyes! ...55.A.believe B.block C.widen D.cheat
答案 A　解析 根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知, 这个城镇到处都是视幻觉图, 很多东西看似真实其实不是真的, 所以不能总是相信你的眼睛所看到的。故选A项。
命题特点
技法5　利用背景常识　
完形填空题所选的文章多具有一定的故事情节和教育意义, 这些语篇非常贴近学生的生活。考生在解题时, 可以根据文化背景知识和日常生活常识做出选择。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)...Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 　49　 bunny from the belt... 49.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove
分析: 此处介绍的是在烘焙厂所做的工作。根据常识和上文提到的 “Place cakes on a moving belt.”可知, 首先把蛋糕放在传送带上, 经过一番操作后, 最后要把兔子蛋糕从传送带上取下来。save “节省; 拯救”; keep “保持”; stop “阻止”; remove “移开; 拿开”。故选D项。答案: D
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊高三联考)...The tropical(热带的) climate of Kerala, he said, 　25　 plenty of rain and sun, making farming hands-off until it’s time to harvest... 25.A.stores B.provides C.shifts D.requires
答案 B　解析 根据语境和常识可知, 喀拉拉邦的热带气候提供了充足的雨水和阳光, 使得农业耕作比较轻松, 直到收获的季节。store “贮存”; provide “提供”; shift “转换”; require “要求”。故选B项。
B(2021·山东济南高三模拟考试)My first and favourite hero is my dad. I still remember the times when he would stay up with me to watch those funny shows at midnight after a long day of tiring work. I felt 　22　 and excitement every time he came home from work with a toy in his hand, tired but still willing to give me the world... 22.A.peace B.relief C.joy D.pride
答案 C　解析 根据语境和常识可知, 父亲下班回家时给作者带玩具, 作者应该感到高兴。peace “和平”; relief “宽慰”; joy “高兴”; pride “骄傲”。故选C项。
技法6　利用感情色彩　
记叙文和夹叙夹议文通常具有一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩,而这种语气和感情色彩多是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中, 把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等, 读懂作者微妙的情感和态度, 并且要抓住像luckily, however, therefore, even, still等词语, 充分体会上下文语言的和谐性, 理解文章的深层含义。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)...This was the sort of work that made you 　55　 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 55.A.withdraw B.donateC.receive D.appreciate
分析: 根据语境和文章的内容可知, 此处表示这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激, 并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。空格处所填的词与后面的respect在感情色彩上相呼应。withdraw “撤回; 退出”; donate “捐赠”; receive “接收”; appreciate “感激”。答案: D
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊检测)...Every winter I would get nervous for him and other homeless people. I would take blankets and gloves to hand out. It never felt like enough. This winter was the worst. One night, concerned about our friend, I headed out with blankets. I found our friend’s tent but didn’t hear a sound. Worried, I opened the tent and was 　48　 by what I saw. Another elder gentleman that was new to the town was sleeping 　49　 under a pile of blankets. Our friend had covered him with all of the blankets to keep him warm. Our friend sacrificed himself so another fellow human could survive a cold night. ...
48.A.moved B.excitedC.frightened D.tired49.A.impatiently B.soundlyC.nervously D.freely
【剖析】作者每到冬天都会给流浪汉分发毛毯和手套等保暖用品。本段描述的是一个极其寒冷的冬日, 作者带上毛毯去看望他的流浪汉朋友, 却惊讶地发现这位朋友牺牲了自己, 无私帮助其他流浪汉, 这令作者非常感动。本段描写了另外一个流浪汉的酣睡场面, 也渲染了气氛, 表达了流浪汉朋友的无私和善良。作者的担忧, 流浪汉朋友的无私善良, 贯穿了全段。
48.答案 A　解析 作者到达之后发现这位流浪汉朋友牺牲了自己, 把自己的毛毯给了另一个新来的流浪汉。这个行为让作者很感动, 因此A项与文章氛围相符。
49.答案 B　解析 这个新来的流浪汉盖着厚厚的毛毯, 因此他睡得很香, soundly “酣(睡)”。故选B项。
B(2021·江苏南京二模)... I’m sure my parents won’t forget the scene where the doctor removed the gauze(纱布) from my eyes. That 　55　 moment has stayed with me since I started my journey between darkness and light. 55.A.actual B.brief C.precious D.extra
答案 C　解析 根据作者的语气和文章的感情色彩可知, 医生揭开纱布的那一刻, 是作者和父母难忘的时刻, 自从作者开始在黑暗与光明之间徘徊, 这个宝贵的时刻一直伴随着作者。
No.4　真题实战•经典对练拿高分
Group 1
A(2021·浙江卷改编)My mother is 92.Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 　1　 and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 　2　 some small things she needs. Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 　3　 about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the 　4　 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to 　5　 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.  
At this store, people 　6　 and then go off to the side to 　7　 their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her and said,“Here are the things that you 　8　,” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 　9　. My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She 　10　 for the woman’s name and address so that she could 　11　 her. The woman told her it was her gift. 
My mother was so 　12　 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand in case the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 　13　 for all of their groceries.  So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of 　14　 that not only helped my mother out, but 　15　 too. 
1.A.exercise　 B.housework　C.cooking　 D.shopping2.A.return B.collect C.order D.buy3.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned4.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses5.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch6.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down7.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag8.A.looked for B.talked aboutC.threw away D.put back
9.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle10.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched11.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help12.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced13.A.energy B.money C.space D.time14.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor15.A.made her day B.changed her mindC.caught her eye D.met her demand
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲在商店购物时, 带的钱不够, 不得不将一些东西放回去。一位陌生女士为作者的母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲, 她决定将这份善意传递下去。1.答案 D　解析 根据上文的 “My mother is 92.”和下文的go to a nearby store可知, 作者的母亲年纪大, 每周作者会带着母亲去购物。exercise “锻炼”; housework “家务活”; cooking “烹饪”; shopping “购物”。故选D项。
2.答案 D　解析 根据下文的small things she needs可知, 作者的母亲去附近的一家商店去买她所需要的一些小东西。return “返回”; collect “收集”; order “订购”; buy “买”。故选D项。3.答案 A　解析 根据下文的 “The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the 　　　she could do without...” 可知, 作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的东西放下。由此可推知, 作者的母亲带的现金不够。short “缺少的”; cautious “谨慎的”; wrong “错误的”; concerned “关心的”。故选A项。 
4.答案 B　解析 根据下文的a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap可知, 医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的东西。weight “重量”; thing “东西”; mask “口罩”; glasses “眼镜”。故选B项。5.答案 C　解析 根据上文可知, 母亲放下了一些东西才使得现在的商品总值达到她所带的现金金额。bring sth to sth表示 “使……处于某种状况”, 符合语境。故选C项。
6.答案 C　解析 根据空格后的then go off to the side可知, 在这家商店里, 人们先结账, 然后走到一边。show up “出现; 露面”; call in “叫……来; 拜访”; check out “结账离开”; sit down “坐下”。故选C项。7.答案 D　解析 根据下文的putting her groceries into shopping bags可知, 在这家商店里, 人们结完账之后走到一边, 将所购买的物品装进购物袋。store “贮藏”; select “挑选”; deliver “递送”; bag “把……装进袋子”。故选D项。
8.答案 D　解析 根据上一段的 “...take off the 　　　she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these...” 可知, 由于缺少大约3美元, 作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂放回去了。look for “寻找”; talk about “谈论”; throw away “扔掉”; put back “放回”。故选D项。 9.答案 B　解析 根据上文的 “... take off the 　　　she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these...” 可知, 作者母亲把一瓶医用酒精和一块肥皂放回去了。现在陌生人帮作者的母亲把这些东西又买了下来。receipt “收据”; soap “肥皂”; cash “现金”; bottle “瓶子”。故选B项。 
10.答案 A　解析 根据下文的 “The woman told her it was her gift.” 可知, 作者的母亲恳求得到对方的姓名和住址以便把钱还给对方。ask for “请求; 恳求”; wait for “等待”; care for “在乎”; search for “搜索”。故选A项。11.答案 A　解析 作者的母亲恳求得到对方的姓名和住址, 是为了把钱还给对方。repay “偿还; 归还”; trust “信任”; recognize “认出”; help “帮助”。故选A项。
12.答案 C　解析 此处表示作者的母亲如此感动, 于是她决定回到那家商店给收银员5美元的钞票。surprised “惊讶的”; amused “被逗乐的”; touched “受到触动的; 感动的”; convinced “确信的”。故选C项。13.答案 B　解析 根据上文的a five-dollar bill可知, 作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票, 以防其他人没有足够的钱来支付他们所购买的东西。energy “能量; 精力”; money “钱”; space “地方; 空间”; time “时间”。故选B项。
14.答案 C　解析 陌生女士帮助母亲, 这是一种善意的行为。faith “信任; 信念”; courage “勇气”; kindness “善良”; honor “荣誉”。故选C项。15.答案 A　解析 这种善意的行为不仅帮助了作者的母亲, 而且使她很高兴。make sb’s day “使某人非常高兴”; change sb’s mind “改变某人的主意”; catch sb’s eye “吸引某人的注意力”; meet sb’s demand “满足某人的要求”。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义) short adj.缺少的②(熟词生义) touch v.感动; 触动③random adj.随机的; 随意的重点语块④keep on hand 把……放在手边备用⑤in case 以防; 以防万一⑥make sb’s day 使某人非常高兴
精彩句式⑦By taking off these, she was able to bring the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.通过减掉这些东西, 她就能使得新的商品总值达到她所带的现金金额。
B(2021·全国乙卷改编)Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 　1　 just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 　2　 of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon put to the test. We had a woman patient who was 　3　 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 　4　 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 　5　 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 　6　, and was ready for discharge(出院) after four weeks.  
She was 　7　 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery. As she was 　8　 she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. When she 　9　 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 　10　 to accept it, saying that we were all just 　11　 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 　12　:“Oh, this isn’t for the care I had. I take that as a 　13　. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people, 　14　 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 　15　 and should be rewarded. 
1.A.cleaner B.chemist C.nurse D.doctor2.A.grades B.meaningsC.needs D.expectations3.A.departing B.escaping C.retiring D.recovering4.A.attempting B.choosingC.pausing D.promising5.A.assessing B.requiring C.forming D.proving6.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily7.A.grateful B.thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful8.A.operating B.thinking C.hesitating D.leaving
9.A.reached B.consultedC.introduced D.persuaded10.A.wished B.pretended C.failed D.refused11.A.enjoying B.doing C.securing D.starting12.A.repeated B.recited C.replied D.reported13.A.goal B.given C.push D.greeting14.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building15.A.honour B.ability C.opening D.extra
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例, 表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢。1.答案 C　解析 根据第三段的 “As she was 　　　she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.” 可知, 当时作者是一名护士。cleaner “清洁工”; chemist “化学家; 药剂师”; nurse “护士”; doctor “医生”。故选C项。 2.答案 A　解析 根据上文的 “Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.” 可知, 作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词, 那么感谢就容易得多了。grade “级别; 程度”; meaning “意思”; need “需求”; expectation “期待”。故选A项。
3.答案 D　解析 根据下文的a knee replacement operation可知, 病人做了手术, 正在恢复中。depart “出发; 离开”; escape “逃跑”; retire “退休”; recover “恢复”。故选D项。4.答案 A　解析 根据下文的get into bed she collapsed可推知, 她尝试着自己上床时, 摔倒了。attempt “试图, 尝试”; choose “选择”; pause “暂停”; promise “承诺”。故选A项。
5.答案 B　解析 根据The collapse was disastrous可知, 她摔得非常严重, 需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。assess “评估”; require “需要”; form “形成”; prove “证明”。故选B项。6.答案 C　解析 根据上文的The collapse was disastrous可知, 她恢复得很慢。slightly “轻微地”; accidentally “意外地”; slowly “缓慢地”; happily “幸福地”。故选C项。
7.答案 A　解析 根据常识可知, 病人康复出院, 对医疗和护理团队的付出表示感激。grateful “感激的”; thoughtful “体贴的”; sorrowful “伤心的, 悲伤的”; fearful “恐惧的”。故选A项。8.答案 D　解析 根据上文的On her day of discharge可知, 女病人要出院了, 所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。operate “动手术”; think “思考”; hesitate “犹豫”; leave “离开”。故选D项。
9.答案 A　解析 根据上文的she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team可知, 此处是指她走到一个护士的身边, reach符合语境。reach “到达”; consult “咨询”; introduce “介绍”; persuade “说服”。故选A项。10.答案 D　解析 根据常识和下文的we were all just 　　　our job可知, 作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。wish “希望”; pretend “假装”; fail “失败”; refuse “拒绝”。故选D项。 
11.答案 B　解析 上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱, 她认为照顾病人是自己的工作。enjoy “享受”; do “做”; secure “获得; 保护”; start “开始”。故选B项。12.答案 C　解析 上文提到作者的同事说照顾病人是自己的工作, 不应该得到额外的礼物, 此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。repeat “重复”; recite “背诵”; reply “回答; 回应”; report “报道”。故选C项。
13.答案 B　解析 根据上文的 “Oh, this isn’t for the care I had.” 可知, 女病人把护士对她的护理工作当作理所当然的事情。故选B项。14.答案 C　解析 根据语境可知, 此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。risk “冒险”; change “改变”; save “拯救; 挽救”; build “建设”。故选C项。15.答案 D　解析 根据上文的　　　 lives is part of the job和but可知, 此处指帮病人做发型是额外的工作, 应该得到奖励。honour “荣誉”; ability “能力”; opening “开端”; extra “额外的东西”。故选D项。 
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①recovery n.恢复; 康复②depart v.离开; 出发③accidentally adv.意外地重点语块④be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
精彩句式⑤And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.那时候我才意识到如果有表达不同程度感谢的词, 那么感谢就容易得多了。⑥On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery.在她出院的那天, 我们分享了她康复的喜悦。
Group 2
A(2021·全国甲卷改编)It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.Burchill was 　1　 at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 　2　 some pepperoni(辣香肠) from back east. So he 　3　 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was worried that it would be too warm, he 　4　 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was safe and well chilled(冷却) and he 　5　. 
That’s when things went 　6　.“I remember walking down the long 　7　 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 　8　 to the 4-star hotel.“The seagulls immediately went 　9　. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 　10　 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down; the lamps were falling down. It was a real 　11　.” Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).
“I have 　12　 and I admit responsibility of my 　13　,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to 　14　 my lifetime ban from the hotel.” His letter 　15　. Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said. 
1.A.studying B.staying C.looking D.packing2.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste3.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost4.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid5.A.left B.nodded C.waited D.regretted6.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind7.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table8.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation
9.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild10.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in11.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge12.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured13.A.suffering B.plans C.madness D.actions14.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew15.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时, 给朋友带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥, 海鸥在逃跑的过程中, 造成了一些东西的损坏, Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单, Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信, 请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终, 他的信起作用了。1.答案 D　解析 根据 “Burchill was 　　　at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area.” 及生活常识可知, Burchill出差住在酒店, 准备去拜访当地的一些朋友, 自然是在酒店收拾行李。study “研究”; stay “停留”; look “看”; pack “收拾(行李)”。故选D项。 
2.答案 C　解析 根据下文的 “So he 　　　a suitcase full of pepperoni.” 可知, Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。sell “卖”; have “有”; bring “带来”; taste “品尝”。故选C项。 3.答案 A　解析 根据空格后的a suitcase full of pepperoni和下文的 “They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 　　　at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere.” 可知, 他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。fill “装满”; lock “锁上”; abandon “抛弃”; lose “丢失”。故选A项。 
4.答案 D　解析 根据it out on the table near an open window可知, 因为担心会太热, 他把香肠放在靠近一扇开着的窗户的桌子上。dig “挖”; clear “清除”; cut “切下”; lay “放”。故选D项。5.答案 A　解析 他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的, 冷却得很好, 就走了。leave “离开”; nod “点头”; wait “等待”; regret “后悔”。故选A项。6.答案 C　解析 根据下文内容可知, 事情就在这时出了问题。far “远的”; funny “有趣的”; wrong “引起问题(或麻烦)”; blind “盲目的”。故选C项。
7.答案 C　解析 根据and opening the door to my room以及常识可知, Burchill走过长长的大厅, 打开了房间的门。beach “海滩”; driveway “车道”; hall “大厅”; table “桌子”。故选C项。8.答案 B　解析 根据第五段的to apologize for the damage可知, 此处是Burchill给酒店写的道歉信。application “申请”; apology “道歉”; request “要求”; invitation “邀请”。故选B项。
9.答案 D　解析 根据下文的 “They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds... everywhere.” 可知, 海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了, 变得疯狂起来。hungry “饥饿的”; dead “死亡的”; missing “失踪的”; wild “疯狂的”。故选D项。10.答案 B　解析 根据They rushed to the window以及生活常识可知, 海鸥受到了惊吓, 想从窗户逃出去。wake up “醒来”; get out “出去”; take off “起飞”; break in “闯入”。故选B项。
11.答案 A　解析 根据上文的 “The curtains were falling down; the lamps were falling down.” 可知, 现场一片混乱。mess “混乱”; puzzle “不解之谜”; fight “打架”; challenge “挑战”。故选A项。12.答案 D　解析 根据上文的Older and wiser可知, Burchill已经成熟了。recover “恢复”; retire “退休”; escape “逃跑”; mature “成熟”。故选D项。
13.答案 D　解析 根据下文的 “I come to you, ... ban from the hotel.” 可知, Burchill承认需要对自己的行为负责。suffering “苦难”; plan “计划”; madness “疯狂”; action “行为”。故选D项。14.答案 C　解析 Burchill向酒店道歉, 请求其重新考虑对他的禁令。replace “取代”; remember “记得”; reconsider “重新考虑”; renew “更新”。故选C项。
15.答案 B　解析 根据下文的 “Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.” 可知, 他的道歉信起作用了。arrive “到达”; work “起作用”; end “结束”; disappear “消失”。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①deserve v.应得; 应受②abandon v.舍弃; 遗弃; 沉溺重点语块③a flock of 一大群④chalk up to 把某事归因于⑤hat in hand 毕恭毕敬地
精彩句式⑥I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.我来找您, 恭恭敬敬地为我间接造成的损失道歉并请求您重新考虑我终身禁止入住酒店的禁令。
B(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　1　.He learned the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age. 
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　5　, the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　6　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　.The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However, Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 
　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　14　 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below. Molai 　15　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 
1.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice2.A.nature B.youthC.culture D.knowledge3.A.precious B.interestingC.disturbing D.awkward4.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage5.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise6.A.agreed B.realizedC.remembered D.predicted7.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust8.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter
9.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance10.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed11.A.Decorating B.ObservingC.Watering D.Guarding12.A.tough B.illegalC.fantastic D.beneficial13.A.back B.top C.foot D.side14.A.cool down B.keep offC.purify D.collect15.A.returned B.learnedC.failed D.continued
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个小村庄里有一个男子几十年如一日地在村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林, 最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的家园。1.答案 C　解析 Molai在印度一个小村落长大, 小村落位于湿地附近, 于是这些湿地就成了他的第二个家(home)。第二段的 “...happening around his home” 也是个提示。dream “梦想”; job “工作”; home “家; 故乡”; choice “选择”。故选C项。
2.答案 A　解析 他从很小就懂得自然(nature)的价值和美丽。nature “自然”; youth “青春”; culture “文化”; knowledge “知识”。3.答案 C　解析 16岁时, Molai开始意识到他家周围发生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。precious “珍贵的”; interesting “有趣的”; disturbing “令人不安的”; awkward “尴尬的”。
4.答案 D　解析 那年年初, 一场洪水突袭了这一区域, 洪水带来的危害(damage)赶走了大量的鸟类。5.答案 A　解析 根据as well可知, 洪水除了赶走了大量的鸟类之外, 还导致蛇的数量也减少了。此处besides表递进关系。6.答案 B　解析 他意识到(realized)这是由于缺乏足够的树来保护它们。agree “同意”; realize “意识到”; remember “记得”; predict “预测”。
7.答案 B　解析 此处表示没有足够的树保护它们不受高温的影响。noise “噪音”; heat “热; 高温”; disease “疾病”; dust “尘土”。8.答案 D　解析 解决的办法当然是植树来让动物们白天找到遮蔽(shelter)的地方。direction “方向”; partner “同伴”; help “帮助”; shelter “庇护处; 遮蔽物”。9.答案 C　解析 树木属于森林部门管理, 所以他到森林(forest)部门寻求帮助, 然而被告知那里什么也不长。
10.答案 B　解析 Molai只能依靠自己, 他发现了(discovered)附近的一个海岛, 于是开始在海岛植树。rebuild “重建”; discover “发现”; leave “离开”; manage “想方设法做到”。11.答案 C　解析 根据常识可知, 干旱季节给小树浇水(watering)对于一个男孩来说的确很艰难。12.答案 A　解析 根据下文内容可知, 干旱季节给小树浇水是很艰难的。tough “艰难的”; illegal “不合法的”; fantastic “难以置信的”; beneficial “有益的”。
13.答案 B　解析 根据下文的 “The water would then drip on the plants below.” 可知, 他在每棵小树顶端(top)搭建了一个竹台。14.答案 D　解析 竹台上放置了带着小洞的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。cool down “冷却”; keep off “不接近”; purify “(使)净化”; collect “收集”。15.答案 D　解析 此后的37年间, Molai一直继续植树。return “回到”; learn “学习”; fail “失败”; continue “继续”。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①tension n.紧张; 烦躁②decline v.减少; 下降③tough adj.艰苦的; 艰难的④purify v.使(某物)洁净; 净化
重点语块⑤turn to... for help 向……求助⑥on one’s own 独自⑦earthen pot 陶罐精彩句式⑧His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.他的努力使1,360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多动植物的家园。
Group 3
A(2020·全国Ⅰ卷改编)Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 　1　 is obvious. If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 　2　. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 　3　. But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 　4　 millions of requests to open the door.  I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 　5　 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 　6　.  
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 　7　. I have a very strong 　8　 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. Windows and doors have 　9　 metaphorical(比喻的) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 　10　 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 　11　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door?” That is,“What if it isn’t a 　12　 opportunity?”   
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 　13　 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 　14　 repeatedly having to say,“No. We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 　15　 to open them and walk through.
1.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case2.A.gradually B.constantlyC.temporarily D.casually3.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth4.A.reviewing B.approvingC.receiving D.attempting5.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out6.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact7.A.restrictions B.explanationsC.differences D.consequences8.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt
9.A.traditional B.importantC.double D.original10.A.life B.time C.reply D.history11.A.get hold of B.stare atC.knock on D.make use of12.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited13.A.safety rule B.comfort zoneC.bottom line D.top secret14.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept15.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以孩子们学走路时, 向他们传输错误的概念为例, 领悟到父母应守底线, 不应该对孩子们说谎。1.答案 C　解析 自从双胞胎刚开始学走路,“我” 和妻子就不停地告诉他们 “我” 们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。下文给出了这么做的理由。relief “安慰”; target “目标”; reason “理由”; case “事件”。故选C项。
2.答案 B　解析 如果 “我” 们承认滑动玻璃门是一扇门, 他们会不断地想出去。gradually “逐渐地”; constantly “重复不断地”; temporarily “暂时地”; casually “偶然地”。故选B项。3.答案 D　解析 根据下文可知, 孩子们显然知晓(事情的)真相(truth)。result “结果”; danger “危险”; method “方法”; truth “真相”。故选D项。4.答案 D　解析 但是 “我” 们坚持说那仅仅是一扇窗户, 这使得他们放弃了尝试开门的请求。review “复习”; approve “同意”; receive “收到”; attempt “尝试”。故选D项。
5.答案 C　解析 “我” 讨厌对孩子说谎, 有朝一日, 孩子们会醒来, 并发现他们对窗户的认知是一个谎言。win out “胜出”; give up “放弃”; wake up “醒来”; stand out “脱颖而出”。故选C项。6.答案 B　解析 从上文的 “I hate lying to the kids.” 可知, 此处表示谎言。dream “梦想”; lie “谎言”; fantasy “幻想”; fact “事实”。故选B项。
7.答案 D　解析 此处表示 “我” 想知道是不是不管结果如何, 父母总是应该告诉孩子们真相。restriction “约束”; explanation “解释”; difference “差异”; consequence “结果”。故选D项。8.答案 B　解析 “我” 有一种非常强烈的担忧(fear), “我” 们说的谎话会给孩子们带来精神上的伤害。最后一段第一句 “Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.” 给出了提示。故选B项。9.答案 B　解析 此处表示窗和门都有重要的(important)比喻意义。故选B项。
10.答案 A　解析 此处表示如果他们日后在生活(life)中遇到比喻含义的门。从下文的 “Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 　　　to open them and walk through.” 也可得到提示。故选A项。  11.答案 B　解析 孩子们只是瞪着眼睛凝视它, 并疑惑: “如果它不是一扇门会怎样?” get hold of “抓住”; stare at “瞪着眼睛凝视”; knock on “敲击”; make use of “利用”。故选B项。
12.答案 A　解析 它如果不是真的(real)机会会怎样? 故选A项。13.答案 C　解析 或许这是一个不合理的担忧, 但底线是 “我” 不应该对孩子们说谎。safety rule “安全规则”; comfort zone “舒适区”; bottom line “底线”; top secret “绝密”。故选C项。
14.答案 D　解析 “我” 应该接受反复强调: “不, 我们现在还不能出去。” delay “延迟”; regret “后悔”; enjoy “享受”; accept “接受”。故选D项。15.答案 C　解析 当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时, 无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开并走过去。hurry “匆忙”; decide “决定”; hesitate “犹豫”; intend “打算”。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①temporarily adv.暂时地②restriction n.约束③consequence n.结果
重点语块④stand out 出色; 杰出⑤do spiritual damage to... 对……造成精神上的伤害⑥of some sort 某种⑦get hold of 抓住⑧bottom line 底线
精彩句式⑨Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through.那么当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时, 无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开, 走过去。
B(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编)It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 　1　 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” 　2　 by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 　3　 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 　4　 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. 
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 　5　 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 　6　 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 　7　 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 　8　 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 　9　 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 　10　 as his father’s painting.  
“That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told his father. They 　11　 learned that the painting they owned was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 　12　 the other painting and learned that it was 　13　 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 　14　 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 　15　 and worth as much as $50 million. 
1.A.attached B.allocated C.exposed D.submitted2.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run3.A.nice B.familiar C.useful D.real4.A.battled B.debatedC.discussed D.bargained 5.A.held B.leftC.registered D.brought6.A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led7.A.concrete B.unusualC.unappealing D.natural8.A.appreciated B.touchedC.researched D.witnessed
9.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor10.A.room B.kitchen C.hall D.garden11.A.apparently B.confidentlyC.eventually D.temporarily12.A.collected B.cleaned C.framed D.studied13.A.suitably B.actuallyC.rightly D.specifically14.A.girl B.artist C.family D.police15.A.copies B.originals C.models D.presents
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Nicolo在下夜班的路上, 参与了一个拍卖活动, 花32美元买了两幅画。若干年后, Nicolo的这两幅画被证明是名家名作, 价值五千万美金。1.答案 C　解析 根据语境可知, 由于意大利的隐私法, 主人公的真名不能暴露在公众面前。be exposed to “暴露于”。2.答案 D　解析 根据句意可知, 这次拍卖活动是由意大利警方负责经营的。run “经营; 管理”。
3.答案 A　解析 Nicolo注意到两幅画, 他觉得如果把这两幅画放在餐桌上方, 可能看起来很漂亮。4.答案 A　解析 根据下文出现的won一词可知, Nicolo和另一个出价者开始较量起来, 此处battle是动词, 意为 “较量”。5.答案 D　解析 根据下文内容可知, 这两幅画一直跟随着Nicolo, 因此, 他退休后搬家时, 把这两幅画一起带走了。
6.答案 C　解析 此处表示Nicolo 15岁的儿子曾经参加过一个艺术鉴赏课。7.答案 B　解析 根据下文内容可知, 这幅画是名家的作品, 所以此处表示Nicolo的儿子觉得这幅画有些不同寻常。8.答案 C　解析 根据上文内容可知, Nicolo的儿子一开始以为签名是Bonnato, 但仔细研究发现, 是Bonnard。
9.答案 A　解析 此处表示这个名字是Nicolo的儿子以前从未听说过的一个法国画家的名字。10.答案 D　解析 根据上文出现的a garden chair可知, 此处答案为garden。11.答案 C　解析 此处表示父子二人最终了解到事实真相, 所以用副词eventually。12.答案 D　解析 根据下文内容可知, 另一幅画也是名家作品, 可见父子俩对另一幅画也进行了仔细研究。
13.答案 B　解析 Nicolo当初用32美元买下两幅画, 他并不知道这两幅画的价值。此处表示他们了解到实际上第二幅画也是大师的杰作。14.答案 C　解析 Nicolo一家人得知这两幅画不同寻常, 立刻给意大利的文化部打电话。15.答案 B　解析 此处表示经有关人员证实, 这两幅画都是真迹, 并非赝品, 价值大约五千万美元。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①confirm vt.证实; 确认②submit v.服从; 顺从③unappealing adj.不诱人的; 无魅力的④original n.原件; 原作
重点语块⑤privacy law 隐私法⑥the highest bidder 出价最高者⑦take an art appreciation class 上艺术欣赏课精彩句式⑧He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father’s painting.他买了一本书, 惊奇地发现画家皮埃尔·博纳尔的一幅画, 他坐在和他父亲的画在同一个花园里的同样的椅子上。
Group 4
A(2020·全国Ⅲ卷改编)As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 　1　 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, saying their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 　2　 that they left it in the changing room, create havoc(混乱) and then 　3　 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 　4　 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 　5　 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 　6　.  
I remember the first really 　7　 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 　8　 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 　9　 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 　10　 people.  
That taught me a valuable 　11　 and I pass it on to the people who work in the market. Don’t take it 　12　.If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 　13　.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get in the way. If you do, you won’t be able to 　14　 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 　15　 everyone’s day. 
1.A.shopkeepers B.customersC.salespersons D.receptionists2.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear3.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume4.A.foods B.cataloguesC.belongings D.goods5.A.particular B.different C.matching D.natural6.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing7.A.generous B.polite C.careless D.difficult8.A.relaxed B.delightedC.surprised D.embarrassed
9.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized10.A.rude B.such C.other D.lonely11.A.lesson B.trick C.skill D.trade12.A.kindly B.secretlyC.personally D.casually13.A.ready B.away C.up D.well14.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame15.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与顾客打交道时, 有时候会感觉非常气愤, 甚至发疯。不过在经历了一件事之后, 作者学会了如何应对“难缠”的顾客了。1.答案 B　解析 根据上文的 “As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers.” 可知, 此处是在讲作者与顾客之间的事情。故选B项。2.答案 D　解析 他们会信誓旦旦地说把包落在了更衣室。agree “同意”; promise “许诺”; imagine “想象; 设想”; swear “发誓; 咒骂”。
3.答案 C　解析 后来发现(discover)包一直在他们的车里。4.答案 D　解析 他们把商店里几乎一半的商品(goods)都看个遍, 结果想要的是你唯一没有存货的那个特别颜色的款式。5.答案 A　解析 这里指顾客想要的东西恰巧是自己没有存货的那个特别颜色的款式。particular “独特的; 特别的”; different “不同的”; matching “相配的”; natural “天然的; 自然的”。
6.答案 B　解析 根据上文的upset可知, 这里表示 “我” 知道商店员工会多么郁闷, 但 “我” 都尽力劝他们保持微笑(smiling)。7.答案 D　解析 此处是在讲作者在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难对付的顾客。difficult意为 “难对付, 难缠” 之意。8.答案 C　解析 不过令作者惊讶(surprised)的是, 这位顾客成了她店里的 “常客”。
9.答案 D　解析 结合下文的内容可知, 这位顾客为自己一开始的行为道歉(apologized)了。10.答案 C　解析 这位顾客把自己的闷气发泄在了其他(other)人身上。11.答案 A　解析 根据I pass it on to the people who work in the market可知, 这里指作者从这次经历中获得了教训(lesson)。
12.答案 C　解析 此处表示别把它放在心上。take sth personally意为 “认为某事针对自己而不悦”。13.答案 D　解析 此处指应该站在顾客的角度考虑问题, 也许她和丈夫吵架了, 也许是她孩子的身体不太好。14.答案 C　解析 如果你这样做的话, 就无法解决问题了。stress “强调”; expect “期望”; handle “解决”; blame “责怪”。
15.答案 A　解析 整个事情会发展成不愉快的场面, 破坏每个人一天的心情。ruin意为 “毁坏, 破坏”, 符合语境。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①affection n.喜爱重点语块②be displeased with... 对……不满意③have a row with sb 与某人吵架④water sth down 缓和(说话、文章等的)语气⑤get in the way 妨碍
精彩句式⑥That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.那件事给了我一个宝贵的教训, 我把它传给了在市场工作的人。
B(2020·浙江卷改编)I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.One morning I 　1　 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 　2　, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.  Lamb and its mother 　3　, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 　4　 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 　5　 Don had somehow made the vehicle move.  
My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 　6　. I ran desperately but failed to 　7　. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 　8　 thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.  Heart in my mouth, I 　9　 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 　10　 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 　11　 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 　12　 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.  
The police 　13　 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn’t quite believe my luck —it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 　14　. Don was given a special 　15　 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him. 
1.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned2.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother3.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined4.A.unexpected B.dangerousC.embarrassing D.difficult5.A.Fortunately B.GenerallyC.Immediately D.Obviously6.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill7.A.take off B.catch upC.hold back D.get out8.A.real B.best C.basic D.last
9.A.fixed B.noticed C.reached D.closed10.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning11.A.steep B.long C.rough D.busy12.A.abandoned B.approachedC.recognized D.repaired13.A.arrived B.replied C.survived D.waited14.A.common B.confusing C.desirable D.awful15.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直在山坡放羊。一天作者开着拖拉机带着他的狗去田地的路上发现了一只走散的小羊。于是, 作者下车去照看小羊, 把自己的狗留在了车上。后来作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈。令作者意想不到的是, 自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶, 害怕狗造成严重的后果。幸运的是, 狗没有受伤, 也没有给其他人造成伤害。1.答案 B　解析 下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了, 所以作者无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。drop “落下”; spot “发现”; carry “搬”; return “返回”。故选B项。
2.答案 D　解析 根据下文的Lamb and its mother可知, 小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。kid “小孩”; friend “朋友”; owner “主人”; mother “母亲”。故选D项。3.答案 C　解析 下文说作者转过身去看拖拉机, 因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了。free “使自由”; switch “转变”; reunite “重聚”; examine “检查”。故选C项。
4.答案 A　解析 上文说作者看见拖拉机突然远离了自己, 下文提到作者跳下车时已经拉上了手刹, 所以这让作者感到出乎意料。unexpected “出乎意料的”; dangerous “危险的”; embarrassing “使人尴尬的”; difficult “困难的”。故选A项。5.答案 D　解析 根据上文的while Don stayed in his seat可知,“我” 跳下车, 照顾小羊的时候, Don还坐在它的座位上。很显然, 是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。fortunately “幸运地”; generally “通常”; immediately “立即”; obviously “显然”。故选D项。
6.答案 B　解析 根据上文的 “...near where a motorway cuts through my land.” 可知, 此处指高速公路。crowd “人群”; motorway “高速公路”; field “田; 地”; hill “小山”。故选B项。7.答案 B　解析 根据I ran desperately和 “It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.” 可知, 作者没有追上拖拉机。take off “起飞”; catch up “追上”; hold back “阻止”; get out “出去”。故选B项。
8.答案 D　解析 此处指Don回过头平静地看着 “我”, 这是 “我” 最后看到的事情。real “真实的”; best “最好的”; basic “基本的”; last “最后的”。故选D项。9.答案 C　解析 根据and looked over可知,“我” 来到了栅栏处。fix “固定”; notice “注意”; reach “到达”; close “关”。故选C项。10.答案 A　解析 根据下文的the crash barrier in the central reservation可知, 拖拉机是靠在路中间隔离带的防撞栏上。rest “倚靠”; run “跑”; park “停车”; turn “转动”。故选A项。
11.答案 D　解析 根据fast-flowing traffic可知, 这条高速公路非常繁忙。steep “陡峭的”; long “长的”; rough “粗糙的”; busy “繁忙的”。故选D项。12.答案 B　解析 下文提到作者的狗冲回作者身边, 所以作者一定是接近了拖拉机。abandon “抛弃”; approach “接近”; recognize “认出; 意识到”; repair “修理”。故选B项。13.答案 A　解析 下文提到高速公路的运行又恢复了正常, 由此可知是警察到达后处理的结果。arrive“到达”; reply“回答”; survive“幸存”; wait“等待”。故选A项。
14.答案 D　解析 根据生活常识可知, 动物开车上了高速公路, 结果是非常可怕的。common “普通的”; confusing “混乱的”; desirable “值得做的”; awful “可怕的”。故选D项。15.答案 A　解析 根据下文的I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him可知, 作者不想让Don认为自己生它的气, 所以作者给他提供了一顿特别的晚餐。meal “餐; 一顿饭”; test “测验”; job “工作”; lesson “教训”。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①crash v.碰撞②outcome n.结果重点语块③get about 各处走动④cut through 穿过⑤become separated from... 与……分离
精彩句式⑥My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.当我看到拖拉机驶向高速公路时, 我的心都僵住了。
A(2019·全国Ⅱ卷改编)It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen 　1　 alongside the road. He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had 　2　.  
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 　3　 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back. After a long and careful search, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 　4　 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 　5　. It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.  A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 　6　 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 　7　 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 　8　 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 　9　 their dog.  
Jeff had 　10　 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days.  Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 　11　 enough to go to that kind of 　12　, ” says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 　13　.  “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 　14　 to it as I am to my dogs, ” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be 　15　 to go that extra mile.” 
1.A.fighting B.trembling C.eating D.sleeping2.A.calmed down B.stood upC.rolled over D.run off3.A.injured B.stolen C.lost D.rescued4.A.cautiously B.casually C.skillfully D.angrily5.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety6.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed D.recorded7.A.house B.phone C.street D.car8.A.called B.copiedC.counted D.remembered
9.A.fed B.adopted C.found D.cured10.A.hunted B.skied C.lived D.worked11.A.cares B.sees C.suffers D.learns12.A.place B.trouble C.waste D.extreme13.A.service B.plan C.effort D.team14.A.equal B.allergic C.grateful D.close15.A.suitable B.proud C.wise D.willing
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走丢的宠物狗的故事。1.答案 B　解析 根据下文内容可知, 这是一只走丢的狗, 所以trembling符合语境。根据下文的coax和frightened可排除A、C、D三项。2.答案 D　解析 根据上文的frightened可知, 狗害怕了。由常识可推知, 它应该是跑开了。
3.答案 C　解析 根据第三段的as lost in the local paper可知, 此处应填lost。4.答案 A　解析 上文提到这是一只走丢的狗, 结合上一段中的frightened可知, 此处应填cautiously。5.答案 B　解析 根据replaced以及下文的 “It just started licking Ehlers’ face.” 可知, 所填的词应该是和Nervousness and fear意思相反的词, 浏览选项可知B项符合语境。
6.答案 B　解析 根据下文的 “The ad...” 可知, 此处应填advertised。7.答案 B　解析 根据下文的 “Ehlers 　　　the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them...” 可知, 广告上有电话号码。 8.答案 A　解析 由于广告上有电话号码, Ehlers要告诉他们找到了他们的狗, 自然要给他们打电话。call “(给……)打电话”。
9.答案 C　解析 根据上文可知, 他找到了那条狗。所以此处应是Ehlers在电话里告诉对方他找到了狗。10.答案 A　解析 根据下文提到的 “...but the gun shots had scared the dog off.” 可知, Jeff和他的狗一起外出狩猎, 所以填hunted。11.答案 A　解析 根据上文可知, Ehlers回到Minnesota后, 驱车100英里到达Minneapolis, 把狗送上了去Michigan的航班。由此可知, 此处应填cares。
12.答案 B　解析 由上题解析可知, Ehlers费了很大劲把狗送回主人身边, 故此处应填trouble。13.答案 C　解析 此处指Ehlers为救这只走丢的狗而做出的努力, 所以填effort。14.答案 D　解析 此处讲述的是Ehlers当时的想法, 他认为丢狗的人和狗的关系就如同他和自己的狗一样亲密。be close to “和……关系亲密”。
15.答案 D　解析 此处是Ehlers提出了一种假设, 如果他的狗走丢了, 他希望也有人会愿意像他那么做。be willing to do “乐意做某事”。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①figure v.认为; 认定②hesitation n.犹豫重点语块③succeed in doing sth 成功做某事④scare... off 把……吓跑⑤in vain 徒劳; 白费力气⑥put sb to a flight to... 让某人搭乘去……的飞机⑦roll over 翻滚
精彩句式⑧Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy.紧张和恐惧被喜悦所取代。
B(2019·浙江卷改编)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the 　1　 the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.  Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 　2　 on discarded(丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 　3　 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.  
As you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 　4　 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 　5　 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against 　6　 food waste. “Some people have even 　7　 their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.  
What’s 　8　 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the 　9　 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 　10　 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 　11　 is all the more serious when you consider the 　12　 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.  “I have to get food fast because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 　13　,” Dubanchet explained. “Is my 　14　 full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”  He aims to 　15　 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process. 
1.A.cleverer B.older C.stranger D.simpler2.A.secretly B.finally C.entirely D.probably3.A.purpose B.way C.opinion D.dream4.A.locked B.damaged C.connected D.abandoned5.A.bought B.offered C.ordered D.sold6.A.begging for B.giving awayC.hiding D.causing7.A.did B.kept C.accepted D.risked8.A.hardly B.usually C.particularly D.merely
9.A.easiest B.nearest C.biggest D.richest10.A.work B.shout C.ask D.jump11.A.competition B.conversationC.conflict D.challenge12.A.adequate B.rewarding C.demanding D.suitable13.A.spirit B.energy C.time D.effort14.A.stomach B.hand C.pocket D.basket15.A.arrange B.restart C.report D.finish
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一名法国人为提高人们对食物浪费的意识, 在骑车环游欧洲时靠吃食物垃圾填饱肚子的事情。1.答案 C　解析 根据第二段第一句中的surviving 　　　on discarded food可知, 此处表示想法越奇特, 越能引起人们的注意。故选C项。 2.答案 C　解析 第三、四段讲述Baptiste Dubanchet在旅行途中向餐馆要食物垃圾填饱肚子的艰辛。由此可知, 此处应选entirely。
3.答案 B　解析 根据第一段第一句 “There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.” 可知, 此处应选way, 意为 “方法, 方式”。4.答案 A　解析 根据空格前的much of it remains inaccessible可知, 餐馆扔掉的食物大多数都很难要到。所以选locked, 即扔掉的食物被放在上锁的容器里。5.答案 B　解析 根据本段最后一句中的by giving me food可知, 此处表示只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供食物。故选B项。
6.答案 B　解析 根据下一句中的by giving me food可知, 此处应用giving away, 意为 “赠送”。7.答案 D　解析 根据上一句可知, 大多数餐馆都有规定反对赠送食物, 所以有些人冒着失去工作的风险给 “我” 食物, 故此处应填risked, 意为 “冒着……的风险”。8.答案 C　解析 句意: 特别有趣的是不同的城市对待Dubanchet的目标的态度。根据句意可知选C项。hardly “几乎不”; usually “通常”; particularly “尤其, 特别地”; merely “仅仅, 只”。
9.答案 A　解析 根据空格后的while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen可知, 与the most difficult形成对比的应是easiest。10.答案 C　解析 向商店或餐馆索要食物, 应用ask, 意为 “请求”。11.答案 D　解析 此句继续讲述他索要食物垃圾填饱肚子的难度, 应填challenge, 意为 “挑战”。
12.答案 C　解析 句意: 当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时, 这种挑战就更加严峻。此处应填demanding, 意为 “要求高的; 费力的”。13.答案 B　解析 根据空格前的after all the biking I am tired可知,“我” 需要能量。故选B项。
14.答案 A　解析 句意: 我的胃是满的还是空的?根据下一句 “That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.” 可知, 此处填stomach, 意为 “胃”。15.答案 D　解析 根据第二段第一句 “Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe...” 可知, 他的旅行正在进行中。由此判断, 此处表示他争取在七月中旬结束旅程。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①precisely adv.准确地②inaccessible adj.难以达到的; 不可得到的③adequate adj.充足的; 足够的重点语块④catch sb’s attention 引起某人的注意⑤raise awareness of... 提高对……的意识⑥health regulation 医疗监管⑦beg for 乞讨; 恳求
精彩句式⑧As you can imagine, the trip is no piece of cake.正如你所想象的, 这次旅行不容易。
本课结束