2022届湖南省六校高三下学期2月联考物理试题(PDF案)
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这是一份2022届湖南省六校高三下学期2月联考物理试题(PDF案),文件包含湖南省六校2021-2022学年高三下学期2月联考物理答案doc、湖南省六校2021-2022学年高三下学期2月联考物理试题pdf等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共16页, 欢迎下载使用。
湖南省2022届高三六校联考试题物理参考答案一、选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。题号123456答案BCADCB1.B【解析】降低重心不会增大重力,故A错误;屈膝下蹲可以延缓时间,根据动量定理可知平均冲击力会减小,B正确;考虑运动员的动作时不可以看作质点,故C错误;缓慢停下过程中运动员与滑雪板相对静止,D错误。2.C【解析】图像面积表示位移,可知,;斜率表示加速度,由此可知甲的加速度,乙的加速度,由于摩擦力可通过减速运动看出大小相等,因此,,推出;牵引力冲量和摩擦力冲量大小相等,牵引力做功和摩擦力做功大小相等,则,,故C正确。3.A【解析】沿轨道Ⅰ绕月运行的周期一定大于沿轨道Ⅱ绕月运行的周期,C错误,A正确;在椭圆轨道上机械能守恒,沿轨道Ⅰ运行经过点的机械能大于沿轨道Ⅱ运行经过点的机械能,B错误;嫦娥四号沿地月转移轨道经过点时,通过调整减速然后进入圆轨道,D错误。4.D【解析】转动过程中球、球和杆组成的系统机械能不守恒,电场力做功;转回到初态时电场力做正功,C错;设转动角时球的速度为,由系统的动能定理可得:,解得:,求球速度最大,需求最大,解得,,则球度最大为,球在初态时机械能最大,故选D。5.C【解析】一起运动阶段不知物块电性,不能判断运动方向,且系统水平外力恒定,电场力提供两者共同的加速度,则,所以两者之间摩擦力恒定,恰好相对滑动则说明两者间水平相互作用力达到最大静摩擦力,满足,则物体速度大小为,故C正确。6.B【解析】对两小球受力分析,、为、两小球之间的库仑力,、为两小球之间的弹簧弹力,满足:,对分析,、、、三力满足相似三角形,则有:,同理对亦有:,当球的电荷量增大则两球距离会增大,夹角、增大,但仍有,,绳长不变,点上移,距离变小,故选B。二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。题号78910答案ACABBDBD7.AC【解析】假设滑动变阻器的滑片向左移动,变阻器接入电路的电阻增大,并联部分电阻增大,外电路总电阻增大,由闭合电路欧姆定律得知,干路电流减小,内电压减小,路端电压增大。电路中并联部分的电压增大,电阻的电流增大,电流表的示数变小。由题知电流表示数变大,所以滑动变阻器的滑片向右移动,A项正确;总电阻减小,干路电流增大,则电源的总功率增大,由于电源的内阻与外电阻的关系未知,不能判断电源的输出功率如何变化,B项错误;电源的效率,根据分析可知,路端电压减小,电动势不变,所以电源的效率一定减小,C项正确;当总电阻最小时,消耗的功率最大,故滑片在最右端时而不是最左端,D项错误。8.AB【解析】当弹簧长度由最长变为最短时,两状态下物体和物体均共速,故弹簧对物体的做功代数和为0,故A正确;时对物体和物体系统:,;时对物体:,,代入数据可得:,,故B正确;时撤去恒力,物体的速度大于物体的速度,当两者共速时,弹簧长度最长,故C错误;对物体由图像围成的面积应小于,故D错误。9.BD【解析】射线是原子核衰变时产生的高能电磁波,与核外电子无关,故A错误;光子频率越高,光谱线对应的能级差越大,跃迁前电子所处的能级也越高,故B正确;能级越低的电子,离原子核越近,故C错误;根据光电效应方程,比频率高,同一金属的逸出功相同,故D正确。10.BD【解析】导线框到达磁场上边界时,由,绳绷直瞬间,对两导线框系统由动量守恒:,代入数据,,故A错误;对两导线框系统进入磁场的过程,由动量定理:,即,当两个导线框均处于磁场中做匀加速直线运动过程,由能量守恒:,又,联立解得,故B正确;两导线框离开磁场过程中重力势能的减少量和动能减少量之和等于系统产生的焦耳热,故C错误;对两导线框系统:,即,故D正确。三、非选择题:共56分。第11~14题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。第15~16题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。11.(6分,每空2分)(1)5 (2)3(3) 【解析】(1)由图可得,、间的水平和竖直距离分别为,,,由,可得频闪照相机的曝光周期为,频闪照相机的曝光频率为。(2)由,可得平抛运动的水平初速度。(3)设抛出点坐标为,小球落在点时的竖直速度为,则有,可得,由,,抛出点坐标为。12.(10分,每空2分)(1)1000 (2)130 32.4 15 (3)1680【解析】(1)满偏时有:,欧姆表的内阻,表盘的中值电阻为,电流表指针指向如图乙所示的位置时的读数为,根据,得:。(2)闭合开关,欧姆表的内阻变小,倍率变小至“×10”,调节电阻箱和,使电流表满偏时欧姆表内阻为,电路总电流为,,,解得:,根据两倍率知,欧姆表表盘正中刻度的标值为15。(3)设电流表满偏电流,欧姆调零时:,则;当电动势变小、内阻变大时,由于欧姆表重新调零,内阻的变化不影响,由于满偏电流不变,由知,欧姆表的内阻变小,用欧姆表测电阻时:,解得。13.(13分)【解析】(1)物体恰好冲入点:··············································································(2分)解得:·········································································(2分)(2)物体从运动到,根据动能定理:··············································································(2分)解得:与碰撞:,冲上皮带后匀减速:··············································································(2分)联立解得:·····································································(1分)(3)物体回到处后向上冲不脱离轨道最远处可运动到圆弧圆心等高处:··············································································(2分)联立解得:,············································································(2分)14.(14分)【解析】(1)由几何关系可知,粒子的轨道半径为,根据:得:·····································································(3分)对粒子在电场中有:,,解得:,·······································································(2分)(2)对粒子在电场中有:对粒子在第Ⅰ象限中有:···························································(2分)对粒子在第Ⅳ象限中有:···························································(1分)··············································································(1分)(3)对与粒子相同的粒子自轴在电场中运动后能水平经过点知:,,解得知:··········································································(2分)知粒子自点进入第二个磁场粒子、的运动轨迹如图所示,由几何关系可知得············································································(2分)15.(13分)(1)(5分)BDE【解析】当分子间距离增大时,分子间引力和斥力均减小,A错;布朗运动是悬浮在液体中的固体颗粒的无规则运动,能够反映液体分子的无规则运动,B对;已知阿伏伽德罗常数、气体的摩尔质量和密度,算出的是分子占据的空间,C错;相对湿度是空气中水蒸气的压强与同温度下的饱和蒸汽压的比值,空气相对湿度越大时,空气中水蒸气压强越接近同温度水的饱和汽压,水蒸发越慢,故D正确;一定质量的理想气体经等温压缩后,其内能不变,E对。(2)(8分)【解析】初始气球内气体压强为:若体积减到,设此时球内气体压强为对球内气体,则:··········································································(3分)此时球外气体压强为:对球外容器内的气体,其体积:打入的气体视为一次性打入,有:····················································(3分)则故不能超过5次·································································(2分)16.(13分)(1)(5分)ADE【解析】彩超是利用了超声波的多普勒效应,A对;光波也能发生衍射现象,只是因为其波长短,一般情况难以观察到衍射现象,B错;受迫振动时,单摆振动周期等于驱动力周期,C错;机械波从一种介质进入另一种介质,频率不变,波速变小,波长一定变小,D对;运动物体远离观测者,频率变低,E对。(2)(8分)【解析】设从发出的光经进入水中,再经射出,恰好发生全反射,即在的右侧水面形成盲区。在处界面处有:··································································(2分)在处界面处有:··································································(1分)而:,则:·····································································(2分),则··········································································(2分)则············································································(1分)
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