黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2021-2022学年高二下学期开学考试英语含解析

这是一份黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2021-2022学年高二下学期开学考试英语含解析，共29页。

大庆实验中学实验一部2020级高(二)下学期开学考试
英语学科试题
说明：1.请将答案填涂在答题卡的指定区域内。
2.满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does Jason plan to do today?
A. Visit a school. B. Go downtown. C. Look after his son.
2. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Colleagues. C. Waiter and customer.
3. Why is Mike going to Charleroi?
A. To meet friends. B. To take photos. C. To visit a museum.
4. What drink will the man have?
A. Beer. B. Juice. C. Milk.
5. Where does the woman like to work?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a school. C. At a supermarket.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the article tell us about Christmas shopping?
A. The best time. B. The best places. C. The way to save money.
7. What day is it today?
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
听下面一段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How did Christopher eat on the wedding in India?
A. By using a spoon and a fork.
B. By using chopsticks.
C. By using his hands.
9. What did Christopher think of the food?
A. Terrible. B. Just so-so. C. Delicious.
听下面一段材料，回答第10至第12题。
10. Where do the speakers live?
A. In a city. B. In a town. C. In a village.
11. What does Henry especially want to do?
A. Go hiking. B. Surf in the sea. C. Visit King Arthur’s birthplace.
12. What is most probably the Watering Hole?
A. An island. B. A hotel. C. A cafe.
听下面一段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who is Mike?
A. A teacher. B. A writer. C. A nurse.
14. What is the man best at?
A. Organizing classes and materials.
B. Communicating with others.
C. Giving orders as a leader.
15. What made the man get into teaching?
A. His interest. B. The easy work. C. The high salary
16. When did the man become a teacher?
A. At the age of 25.
B. At the age of 28.
C. At the age of 30.
听下面一段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. Ways to learn Latin well.
B. Attempts to bring Latin to life
C. The origin of the Latin language.
18. How often is the Vatican Radio news broadcast?
A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.
19. What makes Luca Desiata’s book special?
A. Being written in two ancient languages.
B. Being translated into several versions.
C. Being about crossword puzzles.
20. What did Carlo Egger try to do?
A. Renew Latin through the Internet.
B. Form Latin Facebook groups.
C. Create some new Latin words.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
One of the most popular travel destinations in the world, England offers almost endless possibilities for vacationers seeking fun things to do and top attractions to visit.
Tower of London
Built in 1078 by William the Conqueror, the White Tower is home to amazing exhibits, such as Line of Kings, the world's oldest visitor attraction, established in 1652. Other highlights include the impressive Crown Jewels exhibition,classic Yeoman Warder Tours.
If you're traveling with children, be sure to check for special events for kids,including"Knights School” and other immersive programs that provide a fun insight into the castle's history.

Stonehenge
Stonehenge is Europe's best-known prehistoric monument. It's so popular that visitors need to reserve a ticket in advance to guarantee entry. Exhibitions at the excellent Stonehenge visitor center set the stage for a visit, explaining through audio-visual experiences and more than 250 ancient objects how the enormous stones were established between 3000 and 1500 BC,and sharing information about life during this time.

The British Museum
With collections of antiquities that are among the world's finest,the British Museum holds more than 13 million artifacts from Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire and China. The most famous artifacts are the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens. Besides,the Ancient Egyptian collection is the largest outside of Cairo, and the hoard of Roman silver, unearthed in Suffolk in 1942, is nothing short of impressive.

Warwick Castle
If you're looking for a truly memorable English excursion for the whole family, and one that offers a fascinating insight into life through exhibitions,you couldn't do much better than visit Warwick Castle. Located in the beautiful city of Warwick on the River Avon, this impressive fortress has dominated the landscape and history of the region for more than 900 years.


1. Where can visitors appreciate exhibits from different countries?
A. Tower of London. B. Stonehenge. C. The British Museum. D. Warwick Castle.
2. What do we know about the destination Stonehenge?
A. It reflects life of different stages. B. It provides fun games for children.
C. It is more suitable for a family tour. D. It encourages tourists to book tickets.
3. What do the four tourist destinations have in common?
A. Wonderful exhibits. B. Impressive landscapes.
C. An extremely long history D. An audio-visual experience.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个英国著名的旅游景点：伦敦塔，巨石阵，大英博物馆，沃里克城堡。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分中“With collections of antiquities that are among the world's finest,the British Museum holds more than 13 million artifacts from Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire and China.(大英博物馆拥有世界上最好的文物收藏，收藏了来自埃及、希腊、罗马帝国和中国的1300多万件文物)”可知，大英博物馆有许多不同国家的展品。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分中“It's so popular that visitors need to reserve a ticket in advance to guarantee entry.(它非常受欢迎，游客需要提前预订门票，以保证进入)”可知，进入巨石阵需要提前订票。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Other highlights include the impressive Crown Jewels exhibition, classic Yeoman Warder Tours.(其他的亮点包括令人印象深刻的皇冠珠宝展览，经典的Yeoman Warder Tours)”；第二段部分中“Exhibitions at the excellent Stonehenge visitor center set the stage for a visit, explaining through audio-visual experiences and more than 250 ancient objects how the enormous stones were established between 3000 and 1500 BC,and sharing information about life during this time. (在著名的巨石阵游客中心的展览为参观奠定了基础，通过视听体验和250多件古代物品解释了这些巨大的石头是如何在公元前3000年到1500年之间建立起来的，并分享了这一时期的生活信息)”；第三段部分中“With collections of antiquities that are among the world's finest,the British Museum holds more than 13 million artifacts from Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire and China. The most famous artifacts are the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens. (大英博物馆拥有世界上最好的文物收藏，收藏了来自埃及、希腊、罗马帝国和中国的1300多万件文物。最著名的手工艺品是来自雅典帕台农神庙的埃尔金大理石雕塑)”以及第四部分中“If you're looking for a truly memorable English excursion for the whole family, and one that offers a fascinating insight into life through exhibitions,you couldn't do much better than visit Warwick Castle. (如果你正在为全家寻找一次真正难忘的英语旅行，并且通过展览来深入了解生活，那么没有什么比参观沃里克城堡更好的了)”可知，这四个旅游目的地的共同之处在于都提到了陈列的精美展览品。故选A。
B
Java’s Cafe is a fundamental extension of the Rochester experience, opening its arms to comfort coffee, tea, and dessert lovers alike. For the typical UR students, the Java’s on Gibbs St. has become a place of solace during stressful testing times, and on more heartwarming occasions, a social hub.
Slowly approaching its thirties, Java’s has enjoyed a good reputation in its local. In 1978, Java Joe created a coffee farm in Hawaii. With great dedication to his craft, the great master of coffee beans made his way to Rochester then. In 1992, Joe decided to start selling coffee at the Public Market and opened up a store on Gibbs St. with the help of Michael Calabrese. This location, next to the Eastman School of Music, is the first of many shops Java Joe opened. As a lover of the blues, Joe enthusiastically decorated this flagship store with artistic and musical influence.
After Gibbs location, Joe planted Java Joe’s where he was first starting out—in the Public Market. Later, Java Joe’s moved to a nearby building, and received a name change—Java’s at the Market Coffee Roasters. This building served as a place where those who visited would often catch a glimpse of Joe skillfully roasting his coffee beans in the dancing flames and cultivating his drinks with care. However, in 1997 he licensed “Java Joe’s” to Calabrese, who then renamed the Gibbs Cafe to what we know today—Java’s Café.
Joe remained in the Public Market location until he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. Joe died of lung cancer at 68. The influence he had poured into his business is well-known and highly regarded. He has won many awards in his life.
The next time you head down to Gibbs St. for your morning cup, keep in mind the extraordinary story of how that cup came to be, all thanks to Java Joe.
4. What does the underlined word “solace” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Tension. B. Anxiety.
C. Safety. D. Relief.
5. What is true about Java’s Café on Gibbs St.?
A. The name of the shop keeps unchanged up to now.
B. It was popular with the locals and students as well.
C. Java Joe had the ownership of the shop in 1997.
D. It is the flagship store and has won several awards.
6. What is special about Java’s at the Market Coffee Roasters?
A. Joe’s specially-made coffee beans.
B. Its super-quality coffee and service.
C. Joe’s demonstration of coffee-making skills.
D. Its attraction to the music school students.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. The popularity of Java’s Cafe.
B. The development of the coffee industry.
C. The contribution Joe made to Rochester.
D. The founder and development of Java’s Cafe.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了咖啡大师Java Joe在自己的努力下创办了给人们带来舒适体验的Java’s Cafe，以及Java’s Cafe的发展。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“For the typical UR students, the Java’s on Gibbs St. has become a place of solace during stressful testing times, and on more heartwarming occasions, a social hub.（对于典型的UR学生来说，吉布斯街上的Java’s Cafe在紧张的考试期间成为了一个solace的地方，在更温暖的场合，成为了一个社交中心）”可知，咖啡厅能让承受考试压力的学生感到温暖，由此可知，对于他们来说这是一个能得到缓解、安慰的地方，即solace意为“缓解，安慰”，与relief同义。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“For the typical UR students, the Java’s on Gibbs St. has become a place of solace during stressful testing times, and on more heartwarming occasions, a social hub.（对于典型的UR学生来说，吉布斯街上的Java’s Cafe在紧张的考试期间成为了提供安慰的地方，在更温暖的场合，成为了一个社交中心）”可知，Gibbs街的Java’s Café受到当地人以及学生的欢迎。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“（Later, Java Joe’s moved to a nearby building, and received a name change—Java’s at the Market Coffee Roasters. This building served as a place where those who visited would often catch a glimpse of Joe skillfully roasting his coffee beans in the dancing flames and cultivating his drinks with care.（后来，Java Joe’s搬到了附近的一栋大楼，并在Market Coffee Roasters得到了Java’s的改名。在这座建筑里，到访的人经常会看到乔在舞动的火焰中熟练地烤着咖啡豆，小心翼翼地培育着咖啡）”可知，Market Coffee Roasters的特别之处是Joe会在那里展示咖啡制作技巧。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“In 1978, Java Joe created a coffee farm in Hawaii. （1978年，Java Joe在夏威夷创建了一个咖啡农场）”和“In 1992, Joe decided to start selling coffee at the Public Market and opened up a store on Gibbs St. with the help of Michael Calabrese. （1992年，乔决定开始在公共市场销售咖啡，并在迈克尔·卡拉布雷斯的帮助下在吉布斯街开了一家商店）”，第三段的“After Gibbs location, Joe planted Java Joe’s where he was first starting out—in the Public Market.（在Gibbs入住后，Joe在他第一次进入公共市场的地方开办了Java Joe’s）”和“However, in 1997 he licensed “Java Joe’s” to Calabrese, who then renamed the Gibbs Cafe to what we know today—Java’s Café.（然而，1997年，他将“Java Joe's”授权给卡拉布里斯，卡拉布里斯随后将吉布斯咖啡馆改名为我们今天所知的Java咖啡馆）”，以及倒数第二段的“Joe remained in the Public Market location until he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. Joe died of lung cancer at 68. （乔在被诊断出患有脑瘤之前一直呆在Public Market 。乔死于肺癌，享年68岁）”可知，本文主要介绍了Java’s Cafe的发展以及它的创始人Java Joe。故选D。
【点睛】
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.

It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
8. How is most plastic dealt with in America?
A. It’s sold. B. It’s recycled.
C. It’s buried. D. It’s wasted.
9. Why did the team invent Ooho?
A. To make a profit for a company. B. To protect the environtnent.
C. To make people eat as they drink. D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.
10. What can we infer about Ooho from the text?
A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
11. What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?
A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Skipping Rocks Lab发明的新型环保储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带液体资源的球面薄膜，它的制作成本很低，强韧且环保、可生物降解而且可食用。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.可知，在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.和第二段
And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.可知，Skipping Rocks Lab发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带液体资源的球面薄膜，它的制作成本很低，强韧且环保、可生物降解而且可食用。因此可知其目的是保护环境，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles可知，制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多，因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.这一句话可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选A。
D
Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, allowing us to do things more quickly and efficiently. But too often it seems to make things harder. This increase in complexity, often called "feature creep," costs consumers time, but it also costs business money. Product returns in the U.S. cost a hundred billion dollars a year, and a recent study by Elke den Ouden, of Philips Electronics, found that at least half of returned products have nothing wrong with them. Consumers just couldn't figure out how to use them. Companies now know a great deal about problems of usability and consumer behavior, so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable?
In part, fieature creep is the product of the so-called internal-audience problem: the people who design and sell product are not the ones who buy and use them, and what engineers and marketers think is important is not necessarily what's best for consumers. The engineers tend not to notice when more options make a product less usable. And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point, and a new way to attract customers.
You might think, then, that companies could avoid fieature creep by just paying attention to what customers really want. But that's where the trouble begins, because although consumers find overloaded gadgets（ 配件）unmanageable, they also find them attractive. It turns out that when we look at a new product in a store we tend to think that the more features there are, the better. It is only once we get the product home and try to use it that we realize the virtues of simplicity.
It seems strange that we don't expect feature tiredness and thus avoid it. But, as numerous studies have shown, people are not, in general, good at predicting what will make them happy in the future. As a result, we will pay more for more features because we systematically overestimate how often we'll use them. We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works.
The fact that buyers want bells and whistles but users want something clear and simple creates an unusual problem for companies. A product that doesn't have enough features may fail to catch our eye in the store. But a product with too many features is likely to annoy consumers.
12. What does the first paragraph mainly discuss?
A. The benefits brought by the advanced technology.
B. The recent study conducted by Elke den Ouden.
C. The loss caused by the feature creep of technology.
D. Many problems of usability known by the consumers.
13. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
A. It is the audience problem that leads to feature creep.
B. What matters to designers and marketers is not good for consumers.
C. Feature creep brings blessings to the people in marketing and sales.
D. The engineers will not pay attention to the quality of the product
14. What do we know about the buyers in paragraph 4?
A. They are deeply convinced that all the products work in simple way.
B. They are fed up with the more and more features of the products.
C. They are too confident of their ability to use the complicated products.
D. They are quite clear about the products which will make them happy.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Saying No to Feature Creep is No Easy Thing
B. Feature-heavy Products in Demand
C. The More Features, the Better
D. Simplicity Outweighs Complexity
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，特别是“This increase in complexity, often called "feature creep," costs consumers time, but it also costs business money.”可知，“功能蔓延”不但消耗消费者的时间，而且还消耗企业的资金，由此可知，本段主要讲的是技术的“功能蔓延”造成的损失，故C项正确。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point, and a new way to attract customers.”可知，营销和销售人员把它看作一个新的卖点，一个吸引顾客的新方法，由此可知，“功能蔓延”给营销和销售人员带来福音，故C项正确。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works.”可知，购买者高估了自己理解复杂产品工作原理的能力，也就是说他们对自己使用复杂产品的能力过于自信，故C项正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable?”可知，本文从设计者和消费者的角度介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情，故A项正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You may be concerned about how to clear clutter (杂乱的东西) from your bedroom and basement. ____16____ As May planting season is drawing near, turn your attention towards what can help your garden grow.
Define “weeds” for yourself.
I have always defined weeds as “unwanted plants”. Some, like clover (三叶草),have positive characteristics like enriching the soil. Others, like dandelion greens, can be eaten. So one gardener's weeds might be another gardener's dinner! Decide what you truly value. ____17____
Enjoy the weeding process.
Weed removal is a never-ending process. Try to treat the activity in a positive way. You can casually pull weeds as you spot them when walking by your gardens. ____18____ Whatever attention you are able to give to your weeds is OK — even though you'll never feel quite “finished”, remind yourself that every weed pulled means progress.
____19____
After months of being absorbed in colorful garden catalogue, I often hit the nursery (苗圃) in May, filled with inspiration and adventure. “This year,” I say, “I'll try everything!” But time has taught me that this wild ambition can work against me. If I choose too many plants to experiment with, my plantings will crowd each other out. Try making a map of your garden before you head to the garden center, using the recommended spacing to guide your design.
Reassess your garden tool collection.
Just like indoor clutter, garden clutter can result from having too many tools. Some tools are necessary for every gardener. ____20____ They can build up and collect dust or dirt. So go through your tools and decide which tools don't work for you and which are your forever garden companions.
A. Make a clear garden plan.
B. Sort out your garden tools.
C. But what about clutter in your garden?
D. And then pull the rest, without hesitation.
E. Weeds can crowd out your intentional plantings.
F. But too many of them can also cause trouble to you.
G. Or you can set aside time to go all out for weed removal.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了整理花园的一些技巧。五月要来了。收拾一个漂亮干净的花园吧。
【16题详解】
根据上文“You may be concerned about how to clear clutter (杂乱的东西) from your bedroom and basement.（你可能会担心如何清理卧室和地下室的杂物。）”及下文“As May planting season is drawing near, turn your attention towards what can help your garden grow.（随着五月种植季节的临近，把你的注意力转向什么可以帮助你的花园生长。）”可知，上文说大家时常考虑房间和地下室的杂物整理问题，下文提到现在关注一下怎么让花园长得更好。C项“但是你花园里的杂物怎么办?”填在该小题，承上启下把话题由房间地下室杂物引向花园杂物整理，引出了文章主题。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Decide what you truly value.（决定你真正重视的是什么。）”可知，先决定把重要的植物留下来，D项“然后毫不犹豫地把剩下的拔出来。”，承接上文，the rest（其余的 ）指那些不重要的植物，就拔掉不要。故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“You can casually pull weeds as you spot them when walking by your gardens.（当你在花园散步时发现杂草，你可以随意拔除它们。）”可知，在建议除草的方式，发现杂草随时拔掉，G项“或者你可以留出时间全力清除杂草。”是在建议另一种除草方法，可以专门拿出时间来除草，承接上文。故选G项。
【19题详解】
该小题作为段落小标题，应概括全段。根据本段最后一句“Try making a map of your garden before you head to the garden center, using the recommended spacing to guide your design.（在你前往花园中心之前，试着绘制一张花园地图，使用推荐的间距来指导你的设计。）”可知，作者建议动手整理花园之前制定清晰的计划，A项“做一个清晰的花园规划。”符合文意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
结合上文“Just like indoor clutter, garden clutter can result from having too many tools. Some tools are necessary for every gardener.（就像室内杂乱一样，花园杂乱也可能是由于工具太多造成的。有些工具是每个园丁都必须的。）”可知，此处谈论花园有用不到的工具，也会使花园显得乱。F项“但太多工具也会给你带来麻烦。”其中them代指tools。故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满分55分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough, but Seott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, would prove it’s ____21____.
As a kid, he was ____22____ and uninterested in science and all other ____23____ as well. He couldn’t ____24____ what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school ____25____. Therefore, he earned terrible ____26____ and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never ____27____ his dreams.
That all ____28____ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. ____29____ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut which meant doing well in science classes. So that day, he _____30_____ his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be _____31_____. But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he _____32_____ his study skills, the more he _____33_____ and the better he got. _____34_____, it became a(n) _____35_____ with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a _____36_____ daydreamer started getting straight A’s in science, which is _____37_____ to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop _____38_____ the statement that science is just too hard. If you’re students who have been told “you are not a science person” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just _____39_____ the comments! Everyone who wants to can learn this stuff— they just have to be _____40_____ to do the work.
21. A. unusual B. abnormal C. wrong D. illegal
22. A. absent-minded B. amazed C. devoted D. confused
23. A. schedules B. goals C. subjects D. students
24 A. work on B. set about C. think about D. focus on
25. A. investigating B. daydreaming C. wandering D. learning
26. A. grades B. impression C. contribution D. friends
27. A. reach B. acknowledge C. achieve D. observe
28. A. finished B. realized C. happened D. changed
29. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Satisfied D. Shocked
30. A. gave up B. made up C. formed into D. got into
31. A. possible B. difficult C. easy D. wonderful
32. A. planned B. practiced C. arranged D. exchanged
33. A. gained B. agreed C. performed D. presented
34. A. Particularly B. Surprisingly C. Fortunately D. Eventually
35. A. principle B. deal C. competition D. compromise
36. A. real B. former C. formal D. last
37. A. essential B. potential C. convenient D. valuable
38. A. commenting B. breaking C. confirming D. furthering
39. A. apply B. ignore C. return D. handle
40. A. forced B. expected C. equal D. willing
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Seott Kelly起初对科学并不感兴趣，但是找到了人生目标后，他开始努力学习科学，最终实现了成为宇航员的目标。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，对于那些没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说，科学事业过于复杂，但国际空间站的指挥官苏特·凯利(Seott Kelly)将证明这种观点是错误的。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. wrong错误的；D. illegal违法的。But一词说明上下文之间为转折关系，结合下文中的“No one was more surprised than him when a ____16____ daydreamer started getting straight A’s in science”可知，Seott Kelly从一个做白日梦的差生变成了科学学科的优等生，故可推知人们的想法是错误的。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他总是心不在焉，对科学和其他科目都不感兴趣。A. absent-minded心不在焉的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. devoted忠诚的，全心全意的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文中的“uninterested in science”和“barely graduated from high school”可知，Seott Kelly对科学不敢兴趣，几乎无法毕业，所以此处表示他心不在焉。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. schedules日程安排；B. goals目标；C. subjects科目；D. students学生。根据空前的“science and all other”可知，此处应该是science的上义词，subjects符合语境。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他无法集中注意力听老师讲课，大部分时间都在做白日梦。A. work on致力于；B. set about着手，开始做；C. think about考虑；D. focus on集中于，专注于。根据上文中的“uninterested in science”可知，Seott Kelly对科学不感兴趣，所以在学校里无法把注意力集中在老师讲课的内容上。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. investigating调查；B. daydreaming做白日梦；C. wandering徘徊，漫游；D. learning学习。根据上文描述可知，Seott Kelly对科学不感兴趣，无法把注意力集中在老师讲的内容上，再结合下文中“he would never ____7____ his dreams.”和“After so many years of daydreaming”可知，他整天做白日梦。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他的成绩很差，高中才勉强毕业，他甚至认为自己永远也实现不了自己的梦想。A. grades成绩；B. impression印象；C. contribution贡献；D. friends朋友。根据下文中的“barely graduated from high school”可知，Seott Kelly的成绩非常不好。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reach到达；B. acknowledge承认；C. achieve完成，实现；D. observe观察。根据上文描述可知，Seott Kelly对科学不感兴趣，成绩不好，几乎无法毕业，因此他认为自己无法实现他的梦想。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他读到汤姆·沃尔夫(Tom Wolfe)的经典著作《正确的东西》(The Right Stuff)时，一切都改变了，这本书讲述了第一次探索太空的先驱美国人的故事。A. finished完成；B. realized意识到；C. happened发生；D. changed改变。根据下文的“started getting straight A’s in science”可知，他有很大的转变。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，他受到鼓舞，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着在科学课上做得很好。A. Inspired受鼓舞的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Satisfied满意的；D. Shocked震惊的。根据下文“at last, he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，他决心要成为一名宇航员，所以他应该是被书上的内容鼓舞了。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以那天，他下定决心要做好它。A. gave up放弃；B. made up组成，编造；C. formed into使排列；D. got into进入，陷入。根据上文可知，Seott Kelly下定决心要成为一名宇航员，make up one’s mind to do sth.为固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在做了这么多年的白日梦之后，这并不容易。A. possible可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy容易的；D. wonderful美好的。根据上文中“so many years of daydreaming”并结合常识可知，对于多年来一直对学习不感兴趣的Seott Kelly来说，学习科学不是一件容易的事。。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的学习技巧练习得越多，他得到的就越多，也就越好。A. planned计划；B. practiced练习；C. arranged安排；D. exchanged交换，交流。根据上文中的“thinking about it like a game”可知，他把学习当作一项比赛，再根据下文中的“the better she got”可知，他变得越来越好，故可推断出他是在练习学习技能。故选B。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gained获得；B. agreed同意；C. performed执行，表现；D. presented呈现。根据下文中的“the better she got”可知，他变得越来越好，故可推断出他练习得越多，收获就越多。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这变成了一场和自己的比赛，看他能做到多好。A. Particularly尤其，特别；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Eventually最终。根据上文描述得他将学习科学想象成一项比赛以及下文的“to see how good he could get.”可知，这最终成为他与自己的一场竞赛。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. principle原理，原则；B. deal协议；C. competition竞争，比赛；D. compromise妥协，和解。根据“But he started thinking about it like a game.”可知，competition和game对应。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人比他更惊讶的是，当一个曾经的空想家开始在科学方面取得全A，这是成为一名宇航员的必要条件。A. real真正的；B. former以前的；C. formal正式的；D. last最后的。根据上文内容可知，他曾经是个做白日梦的人，故former符合语境。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. essential极其重要的，本质的；B. potential潜在的；C. convenient方便的；D. valuable有价值的。根据上文中的“which meant doing well in science classes”可知，科学成绩好是成为一名宇航员的必要条件。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们需要停止进一步宣扬科学太困难的说法。A. commenting评论；B. breaking破坏；C. confirming证实；D. furthering促进，增进。Seott Kelly从对学习不感兴趣到成为科学学科的优等生的经历说明“科学太难学”是荒诞的说法，所以我们应该进一步传播这样的言论。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是被告知“你不是一个科学人士”或“你的大脑不是这样想的”的学生，请忽略这些评论！A. apply申请，应用；B. ignore忽视；C. return返回；D. handle处理。根据“So we need to stop ____18____ the statement that science is just too hard.”可知，学生应该不理睬那些“你不适合学科学”之类的评论。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个想要学习这些东西的人都可以——他们只需要愿意去做。A. forced强迫的；B. expected预期的；C. equal平等的；D. willing愿意的。Seott Kelly从对学习不感兴趣到成为科学学科的优等生的经历说明每个人必须愿意做这份工作才能取得成功。故选D。
第二节 单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
41. The new online library makes___________ possible for students to choose books by smart Phone off campus.
A. this B. one C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：新在线图书馆使学生可以在校外通过智能手机选择书籍。分析句子可知， to choose books by smart Phone off campus在句中作make的宾语，这里使用代词it作形式宾语指代真正的宾语，make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“使做某事对于某人来说......”。故选D项。
【点睛】
42. With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the ______ for watching television, which makes TV a decoration of the house.
A. analysis B. appetite C. incident D. appreciation
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的一种装饰。A. analysis分析；B. appetite兴趣，欲望；C. incident事件；D. appreciation欣赏。根据“which makes TV a decoration of the house”可知，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，appetite符合题意。故选B。
43. —As we know, keeping positive is beneficial to the process of our work and study.
—You can say that again. Struggle not to let negative ideas ______.
A. take on B. take to C. take over D. take up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——正如我们所知，保持积极对我们的工作和学习过程是有益的。——你说得对。努力不让消极的想法左右你。A. take on承担，雇佣；B. take to喜欢，参加；C. take over占上风，取而代之；D. take up占据，开始从事。根据“keeping positive is beneficial”可知，此处表示不要让消极的想法占了上风。故选C。
44. One can always manage to do more things, ______ full one’s schedule is in life.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情，不管他生活中的日程安排有多满。A. however无论多么；B. whatever无论什么；C. whichever无论哪一个；D. whenever无论何时。空处引导让步状语从句，修饰后文形容词full，表示“无论多么”应用however。故选A。
45. Since their views on this problem are ______, it took a little time to reach the agreement.
A. precious B. previous C. identical D. obsessive
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于他们对这个问题的看法相同，所以花了一点时间才达成协议。A. precious珍贵的；B. previous以前的；C. identical完全相同的；D. obsessive着迷的，迷恋的。根据“it took a little time to reach the agreement”可知，由于看法相同，所以花了一点时间就达成协议。故选C。
46. It has been ______ all over the world that China has made remarkable achievements in economy.
A. acknowledged B. criticized C. assumed D. overlooked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就，这是举世公认的。A. acknowledged承认；B. criticized批评；C. assumed假设；D. overlooked忽视。结合句意可知，此处为固定句型it be acknowledged that...“众所周知……”。故选A。
【点睛】
47. A team ______ three people, including a woman astronaut, was sent up to the Chinese Space Station
A. coexisting with B. consisting of C. dedicated to D. engaged in
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个由三人组成的团队，包括一名女宇航员，被送往中国空间站。A. coexisting with与……共存；B. consisting of由……组成；C. dedicated to致力于；D. engaged in从事。根据“three people, including a woman astronaut”可知，此处是指这个团队是由三个人组成的。句中已有谓语动词was set up且无连词，故此处用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
48. He had so much confidence in himself that he made all the ______ decisions by himself.
A. delicate B. secondary C. urban D. crucial
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对自己充满信心，所以所有重要的决定都是他自己做的。A. delicate精致的；B. secondary次要的；C. urban城市的；D. crucial重要的。根据“He had so much confidence in himself ”推知，所有的重要决定都是他自己做的。故选D。
49. The number of inhabitants has ______ as a consequence of the increasing vegetation.
A. collapsed B. decreased C. exploded D. perished
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于植被的增加，栖息的动物的数量激增。A. collapsed崩塌；B. decreased下降；C. exploded爆炸，激增；D. perished灭亡，惨死。根据常识和“the increasing vegetation”植被增加了，栖息在此的动物数量会大量增加。故选C。
【点睛】
50. Primary school teachers use a lot of ______ aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.
A. medical B. visual C. first D. band
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D. band乐队。根据“Primary school teachers ”可知，小学老师需要使用视觉教具。故选B。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
51. With more and more people putting the low-carbon lifestyle into practice, the ______ (consume) of coal has declined in recent years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】consumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的人将低碳生活方式付诸实践，煤炭消费近年来有所下降。空处应填名词构成名词所有格，consumption“消费”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填consumption。
52. Large amounts of evidence of a link between ______ (expose) to sun and skin cancer have been found. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exposure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：大量证据表明暴露在阳光下与皮肤癌之间存在联系。空处应用名词作介词between的宾语，exposure“暴露”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填exposure。
53. With homework and social activities, teens in high school have a ______ (tend) to stay up late and rise early. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】tendency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：通过家庭作业和社交活动，高中的青少年有晚睡早起的倾向。空处应用名词作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填tendency。
54. We must remember to live with the ______ (intend) of focusing on what matters most in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intention
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们必须记住，生活的目的是关注生活中最重要的事情。空处应用名词作宾语，with the intention of“打算，为了，怀着……的目的”。故填intention。
55. His life has changed ______ (dramatic) since three years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dramatically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：三年前以来，他的生活发生了巨大的变化。修饰空前谓语has changed应用副词dramatically作状语。故填dramatically。
56. The international Olympic Committee had announced that the number of competitors at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games would ______ (restrict) to 10,500, which limited the opportunity to add new sports. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】be restricted
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：国际奥委会曾宣布，2024年巴黎奥运会的参赛人数将被限制在10500人以内，这限制了增加新项目的机会。分析句子结构可知，that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词，the 2024 Paris Olympic Games和restrict为被动关系，需用被动语态，空前有助动词would，空处需填动词原形与would构成过去将来时。故填be restricted。
57. The ______ (compare) may make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】comparison
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种比较可能会让某些东西看起来比单独看到时更美。空处应用名词作主语，comparison“比较”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填comparison。
58. Nowadays, many people walk to work in response to the government’s calling for living a low-carbon lifestyle to cope ______ global warming. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如今，为了响应政府的呼吁,许多人步行上班，以低碳生活方式应对全球变暖。结合句意表达“应对”用cope with。故填with。
59. Social media companies must take responsibility for building a ______ (security) network environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】secure
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：社交媒体公司必须承担起建立安全网络环境的责任。修饰后文名词短语network environment应用形容词secure，作定语。故填secure。
60. With the ______ (depart) of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to grow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】departure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着岛上的猫的离开，老鼠的数量开始增长。此处作宾语，表示“离开”应用名词departure，不可数。故填departure。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Do you have any idea of New Year paintings? Knowing as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”, New Year paintings are a specially art form in Chinese folk culture. Without New Year paintings, our traditional Chinese folk culture would much less colorful. The paintings get such a name because they are most posted during the Chinese New Year holiday for a decoration and they are also accepted as a symbol of New Year’s greetings. In the Song Dynasty New Year paintings are created on a large scale. With the printing techniques improving, the content and forms of New Year paintings became variety. The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where the art hit its heyday (全盛期). Nowadays there are many printing method of New Year paintings, included woodblock printing, watercolor painting, etc.
【答案】1. Knowing→Known
2. specially→special
3. would后加be
4. most→mostly
5. 删除for后的a
6. are→were
7. variety→various/varied
8. where→when
9. method→methods
10.included→including
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年画的意义和发展历史。
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：年画被称为“纸画”和“彩画”，是中国民间文化中一种特殊的艺术形式。be known as“被称为……”为固定表达，此处省略be用过去分词作状语。故Knowing改为Known。
2.考查形容词。句意：年画被称为“纸画”和“彩画”，是中国民间文化中一种特殊的艺术形式。修饰后文名词词组art form应用形容词special作定语。故specially改为special。
3.考查谓语动词。句意：如果没有年画，我们的传统中国民间文化就不会那么丰富多彩。colorful是形容词，此处应在它前面加上be动词，构成系表结构，would是情态动词，其后用动词原形。故would后加be。
4.考查副词。句意：这些画之所以有这样的名字，是因为它们通常是在中国新年假期期间张贴的装饰，它们也被视为新年祝福的象征。修饰谓语are posted且意为“一般，通常”应用副词mostly。故most改为mostly。
5.考查冠词。句意：这些画之所以有这样的名字，是因为它们大多是在中国新年假期期间张贴的装饰，它们也被视为新年祝福的象征。结合句意可知，此处decoration是抽象概念，不可数，for decoration“用来装饰”。故删除for后的a。
6.考查时态。句意：在宋代，年画被大规模地创作出来。根据时间状语In the Song Dynasty可知，陈述过去的事情应用一般过去时。故are改为were。
7.考查形容词。句意：随着印刷技术的进步，年画的内容和形式变得多样化。分析可知，became后应用形容词作表语，表示“多种多样的”可用various/varied。故variety改为various/varied。
8.考查定语从句。句意：绘画的发展成熟于明清时期，当时这种艺术达到了鼎盛时期。逗号后为修饰先行词the Ming and Qing Dynasties的定语从句，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故where改为when。
9.考查名词的数。句意：现在年画的印刷方法很多，包括木版印刷、水彩画等。method“方法”是可数名词，many后用其复数形式。故method改为methods。
10.考查介词。句意：现在年画的印刷方法很多，包括木版印刷、水彩画等。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词including表示“包括”。故included改为including。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Joe本来打算这个暑假来成都观看世界大学生运动会。但因为疫情，大运会推迟至明年举办。请你给他写一封邮件，要点如下：
1. 表示遗憾；
2. 简述大运会推迟的必要性，并安慰Joe；
3. 欢迎他明年来观看大运会。
注意：1. 词数100词左右
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
参考词汇：大运会 the World University Games 疫情epidemic
Dear Joe
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Joe,
I’m more than delighted to know that you intended to visit China for the World University Games. However, it is a pity that the activity, which was scheduled to take place in Chengdu this year, is postponed to next year due to the epidemic.
As we can see, with the epidemic spreading wildly in some areas of the globe, to ensure the security of all the participants must come first. And there is no need for us to feel down about the delay, because we can hold a firm belief that people around the world will bring the disease under control soon with joint efforts. In addition, given one more year, Chengdu can get better prepared, so that you can have a better experience of enjoying the grand activity.
I sincerely invite you to visit China next year and I’m longing for the day when we watch the game together!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。因为疫情，原定暑假在成都举办的大运会推迟至明年，要求考生给英国朋友Joe写信，表示遗憾并告知大运会推迟的必要性。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased/happy
计划、打算：intend → plan
确保：ensure → make sure
真诚地：sincerely → honestly
2.句式拓展
原句：As we can see, with the epidemic spreading wildly in some areas of the globe, to ensure the security of all the participants must come first.
拓展句：As we can see, because the epidemic is spreading wildly in some areas of the globe, to ensure the security of all the participants must come first.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, it is a pity that the activity, which was scheduled to take place in Chengdu this year, is postponed to next year due to the epidemic. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] And there is no need for us to feel down about the delay, because we can hold a firm belief that people around the world will bring the disease under control soon with joint efforts. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和that引导的同位语从句)
听力答案： 1—5ACCBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 BCCBA 16—20 BBBAC