人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language学案

Unit 4　Body Language

Reading and Thinking

词汇知识·自主学习

Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词

1. interaction with other people　　　　与他人互动

2. vary from culture to culture 因文化而异

3. eye contact is not always approved of 目光接触并不总是被认可

4. demonstrate respect 表示尊重

5. witness another person nodding 当场看到另一个人点头

6. employ other gestures 使用其他手势

7. an identical gesture 相同的手势

8. interpret it as meaning zero 把它解释为零

9. kiss sb. on the cheek 吻在某人的脸颊上

10. bow from the waist 弯身弓腰鞠躬

11. differ around the world 世界各地都不一样

12. a reliable guide 可信赖的向导

Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空

1. By comparison,  expenditure on education increased last year.

2. When you are afraid,  you may look down shyly.

3. In autumn and spring,  by contrast,  children usually grow up fast.

4. What he wants is a switch to a market economy in a way which does not reduce people’s standard of living.

5. As a result,  people could make inferences about who was participating in the virtual conversation.

6. Because he was being so kind and concerned,  I broke down and cried.

7. It is hard to see how people will get through this winter.

8. Apart from their house in London,  they also have a villa in Spain.

Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉意提示补全句子

1. In other countries,  by contrast,  eye contact is not always approved of.  

相反, 在另一些国家, 眼神交流并不总是被认可。

2. In France,  a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.  

在法国, 看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。

3. Elsewhere,  people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist,  or nodding the head when they meet someone else.  

在其他地区, 与别人见面时, 人们更喜欢握手、弯身弓腰鞠躬或点头。

根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词

1. -able 常用于动词之后构成形容词, 表示“属于, 倾向性”等。

rely v. →reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的

move v. →movable　adj. 可移动的

comfort v. →comfortable adj. 安慰的

2. “动词+down”构成的动词短语

break down　　消除; 分解; 打破

look down　轻视; 朝下看

fall down　摔倒, 跌倒

turn down 　拒绝(某人或其请求、提议等); 关小; 调低

阅读精析·合作学习

　Task 1　框架宏观建构: 整体理解 

1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks

2. What is the text type of the passage?

A. Narration(记叙文)

B. Argumentative Essay(议论文)

C. Expository Writing(说明文)

D. Practical Writing(应用文)

答案: C

　Task 2　文本微观剖析:  细节探究 

1. Choose the best answer.

(1)From Paragraph 1,  we know that ______.  

A. words speak louder than body language

B. body language is more useful than words

C. people prefer to express their feelings in words

D. body language plays an important role in daily communications

(2)The gesture for “OK” means “______” in Japan.  

A. zero　　B. money　　C. good　　D. certain

(3)Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Shaking one’s head means “no” in few countries.

B. The gesture of “OK” is considered impolite in Brazil.

C. Russians may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.

D. Using body language properly is important when abroad.

(4)What will you do to express “I am full”?

A. Placing your hands together.

B. Placing your hands on the stomach.

C. Shaking your head.

D. Moving your hand in circles over your stomach.

答案: (1)～(4)DBAD

2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.

Just like (1)spoken(speak) language,  body language (2)varies(vary) from culture to culture. For example,  making eye contact in some countries is a way (3)to display(display) interest while men and women are not (4)socially(social) permitted to make eye contact in many Middle Eastern countries.  

In many countries,  shaking one’s head means “no” and (5)nodding(nod) one’s head means “yes”. By (6)comparison(compare),  the gestures have the opposite meaning in Bulgaria and (7)southern(south) Albania.

Smiling has many different uses. A smile can help us get (8)through difficult situations,  find friends in a world of strangers (9)or break down barriers. If we’re feeling down or lonely,  there’s nothing better (10)than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

3. Long sentence analysis.

(1)

译文: 语言是重要的, 但是人们站立、抱肘和手做动作的方式仍然可以给我们信息来感知他们的感受。

(2)

译文: 我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象站立的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。

　Task 3　阅读思维升华: 主题实践 

1. Why do different countries form different body language?  (Critical Thinking批判性思维)

Different countries came into being from different areas,  so that they formed different customs,  which made people behave differently.  

2. Why do we need to learn body language? (Creative Thinking创造性思维)

(1)It helps us avoid misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication.  

(2)It improves our communication skills by observing the facial expressions and gestures of native speakers.  

(3)It makes communication more comfortable and easier to understand.  

(4)It helps those who lose the power of speech express their thoughts and feelings.  

要点精研·探究学习

1. vary vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变

*(2020·天津高考) Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. 当伽利略从比萨斜塔上让不同重量的物体下落并计算它们落地的时间时, 他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。

*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Typing patterns vary from person to person. 打字模式因人而异。

*The students’ work varies considerably in quality.

学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。

*The menu varies with the season. 菜单随季节而变动。

*One had better see life in its various aspects when young.

一个人最好在年轻时就能看到生活的各个方面。

(2)vary 　　　 vt. 改变; 使多样化(可接宾语)

(3)variety  n. 多样性

various  adj. 各种各样的

Variety is the spice of life. 变化是生活的调味品。(喻指: 生活中的一些变化是正常的, 是小插曲, 能给平淡的生活增加口味)

(1) 语法填空。

①Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.

②It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various (vary) ways.

③Our style will vary with our changes in mood.

(2)Cherries vary in colour from almost black to yellow.  

樱桃的颜色由近乎黑到黄各不相同。

2. approve vi. 赞成; 同意 vt. 批准; 通过

*I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.

我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。

*She desperately wanted to win her father’s approval.

她急不可待地想赢得父亲的赞同。

*She wants to be an actress,  but her parents disapprove.

她想当演员, 可是她父母不同意。

(1)approve of sb. /sb. ’s (doing) sth.

　　　　　　　　　赞成/同意某人(做)某事

(2)approval  n. 赞成;  同意;  批准;  通过

(3)disapprove v. 不同意

(1)approve表示“赞成; 同意”时, 是不及物动词, 若后接宾语, 要借助介词of。

(2)不要将汉语的“赞成某人做某事”直译成approve sb. to do sth. 或在其后跟that从句, 可改用approve of sb. ’s doing sth. 。

(1)语法填空。

①The bank sets up a branch without approval(approve).

②Her parents don’t approve of her boyfriend.

③I approve of your trying (try) to earn some money,  but please don’t neglect your studies.

(2)一句多译。

她不同意女儿晚上出去。

①She didn’t approve of her daughter going out at night. (approve) 

②She didn’t give her approval to her daughter going out at night. (approval) 

③She didn’t agree that her daughter went out at night. (agree) 

3. employ vt. 使用; 应用; 雇用

*The boss employed a secretary to help him with his work.

老板雇来一位秘书来帮助他的工作。

*The manager employed himself in making a future plan for his company.

经理忙于为公司制订将来的计划。

*More local employment will be created,  particularly in service industries.

当地会创造出更多的就业机会, 尤其是服务行业。

 (1)employ sb.  to do sth.  　　　　雇用某人做某事

(2)be employed in=employ oneself in

 忙于

(3)employment  n. 雇用

employer  n. 雇用者; 雇主

employee  n. 雇员; 雇工

(1)用employ的正确形式填空。

①Our company employed about one hundred people.

②Changes in farming methods have badly affected employment in the area.

③Their situations are now changed-employee has become employer.

(2)句式升级。

He was employed in reading and he didn’t see Tom come in.

①Employed in reading,  he didn’t see Tom come in. (用过去分词短语作状语改写) 

②Employing himself in reading,  he didn’t see Tom come in. (用现在分词短语作状语改写) 

4. interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vi. &vt. 口译

*We have to interpret his words in a modern term.

我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。

*I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.

我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。

*Would you like me to interpret for you? 

要不要我来帮你翻译?

*Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds.

剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧的新诠释, 旨在为聋人和听觉世界架起一座桥梁。

 (1)interpret sth.  in 　　用(言语或表演)解释某事

(2)interpret as  解释为;  把……理解为

(3)interpret for sb.  为某人做翻译(interpret 主要指“口译”; translate 主要指“笔译”)

(4)interpretation n. 解释; 翻译

(1)语法填空。

①I like your interpretation (interpret) better than the one I was taught.

②She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.

(2)I’m not satisfied with what the sentence is interpreted as.  

我对这个句子所解释的意思不满意。

5. differ vi. 相异; 不同于

*Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between parents.

在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同。

*Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways. 世界上的事物是千差万别的。

*Men differ in habits and appearance.

人的相貌和习惯均不相同。

*The two sides in the dispute still differ with each other over the question of pay.

争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。

*Social customs are greatly different from country to country.

各个国家的社会风俗很不相同。

(2)different　　　　　　adj. 不同的

be different from 与……不同

(3)difference　 n. 不同; 差异

make a difference 有影响, 有关系

(1)语法填空。

①French and English differ in this aspect.

②I differ with him on the plan.

③Their house differs from mine in having no garage.

(2)I might not be able to change anything all by myself but we can make a difference if everybody thinks this way.  

我个人可能改变不了什么, 但如果每个人都这样想, 我们就可以使它有所变化。

6. reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的

* It’s not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。

*You can rely on us to give your order immediate attention.

您的订单我们将立即处理, 请放心。

*Many people now rely on the Internet for news.

很多人现在靠互联网来了解新闻。

 (1)unreliable 　　　　　　　adj. 不可靠的

(2)rely  v. 信任, 信赖; 依赖, 依靠

rely on/upon 依靠, 依仗

rely on/upon sb. to do sth.  依靠某人去做某事

(1)用reliable的适当形式填空。

①In summer,  you can’t rely on the weather,  which is changeable.

②John is very reliable,  and you can ask him to give you a hand.

③The information that you got is unreliable,  so you’d better find it out.

(2) Can I rely on you to keep this secret?  

我能相信你会保守这个秘密吗?

7. break down 消除; 分解; 打破

*His health broke down as a result of smoking.

因为吸烟他的健康垮掉了。

*On my way to the station my car broke down.

我的汽车在去车站的路上出故障了。

【导图理词】

写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义。

(1)The car broke down halfway to the destination.  (出故障)

(2)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.  (分解)

(3)I left London when my marriage broke down.  (破裂)

(4)The bridge broke down in the big earthquake.  (毁掉)

【句式解构】

本句是“否定词+比较级”句式, 是用比较级表达最高级的句式之一, 意为“没有比……更……的”。

*This could give her no greater pleasure. 这使她再高兴不过了。

*There’s nothing cheaper. 这东西再便宜不过了。

(1)在“否定词+比较级”句式中, 常用的否定词有no,  not,  never,  nothing,  nobody,  hardly等。

(2)比较级表达最高级常用句式如下:

①比较级+than+any other+单数名词

②比较级+than+all the other+复数名词

③比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词

(1)语法填空。

①—China is sure to overcome COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎).

—I couldn’t agree with you more(much).

②The weather couldn’t be worse(bad).

(2)There is nothing better for you than plenty of water and sleep.

译: 没有什么比足够的水和睡眠对你更好的了。

【要点拾遗】

1. demonstrate vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明

*We want to demonstrate our commitment to human rights.

我们想表明我们对人权的信念。

*In the cities,  vast crowds have been demonstrating for change.

在各城市, 大量的群众已经举行示威游行要求变革。

 (1)demonstrate sth. to sb. 　向(某人)说明/展现某事(物)

(2)demonstrate against 示威反对(某事)

demonstrate for 为……而示威

(3)demonstrator n. 示威者

demonstration n. 示范

(1)语法填空。

①Students are demonstrating against the war.

②If you have a moment,  I would like to demonstrate for you.

③We were given a brief demonstration (demonstrate) of the computer’s functions.

(2)Some companies will be there to demonstrate their new products.

译文: 一些公司会在那里展示他们的新产品。

2. bow vi. 鞠躬; 点头　vt. 低(头)

*He bowed low to the assembled crowd.

他向集结的人群深深地鞠了一躬。

*The people all bowed down before the Emperor.

所有人都给皇帝鞠躬。

*She has finally decided it’s time to bow out of international tennis. 她最终决定是退出世界网坛的时候了。

*Some of the raiders were armed with bows and arrows.

其中一些袭击者身背弓箭。

 (1)bow to 　　　　　　鞠躬; 屈从于

(2)bow down 鞠躬; 压弯

(3)bow out 退出, 辞职

(4)bow  n. 鞠躬; 弓; 蝴蝶结

bow and arrow 弓箭

take a bow 鞠躬答谢

The bow of the boat is stable and not afraid of the wind.

船头坐得稳, 不怕风来颠。(喻指: 在关键地方稳住脚跟, 就不用担心干扰)

(1) 语法填空。

①Some shops are bowing to consumer pressure.

②They ran to the center of the tent to take their bows (bow).

③She stood still,  head bowed (bow),  hands clasped in front of her.

(2) So you know we won’t bow down to no man!   

你就知道我们不会向任何人低头!

3. make inferences 推理; 推断

*And while animals aren’t people,  he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.

他说尽管动物不是人, 但关于在老鼠身上发现的功效同样适用于人的推断也是合乎逻辑的。

*I inferred from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.

我从这篇文章推断, 飞行员应对事故负责。

 (1)infer 　　　　v. 推断

(2)inference 　　 n. 推理; 推断

(1)语法填空。

①Much of the meaning must be inferred (infer) from the context.

②There were (be) two inferences to be drawn from her letter.

(2) A human can sometimes make inferences based on previous knowledge.  

人们有时可以根据前面的知识进行推断。

4. get through 通过; 到达; 做完; 接通电话; 渡过, 熬过(困难时期等)

*I can’t get through.

我打不通电话。

*John has got through the English oral test.

约翰已经通过了英语口语测试。

*I will be with you as soon as I get through the work.

我一做完工作就到你这儿来。

【导图理词】

【知识延伸】

get down to　　　　　开始认真处理, 对待

get away with 干了(坏事)而不受处分

get across  (使)被理解;  (使)被接受

get around/round 随意走走;  旅行

写出下列句子中get through的汉语意思。

(1)We got through a fortune while we were in New York!  (用完)

(2)I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn’t get through. (接通电话)

(3)Let’s start; there’s a lot of work to get through. (完成)

(4)Do you think the bill will get through Parliament? (通过)

【补偿训练】

(1)介、副词填空。

①She decided to get down to her French.

②Don’t think you can get away with telling lies.

(2)There is too much traffic on this road.  I’ll never get across.

这条路上车辆太多。我将永远不能通过。

5. kiss sb. on the cheek 亲吻某人的面颊

*The teacher patted me on the shoulder,  telling me the news.

老师拍着我的肩膀, 告诉我这个消息。

* The old man took the stranger by the hand,  thanking him again and again.

老人拉着陌生人的手, 连声感谢。

*The referee warned the player not to kick the rival in the stomach.

裁判警告这名选手不能踢竞争对手的肚子。

英语中, 习惯把接受动作的人作为宾语, 而用介词短语说明接触到的人体部位。

在“动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位名词”结构中, 常用的动词有hit,  pat,  touch,  take,  catch,  strike,  kick等, 介词有in,  on,  by等。一般地, 身体柔软的地方用in, 硬的地方用on。by常与take,  seize,  catch,  lead等动词连用, 表示“拉、扯、抓住身体某部位”。

(1)语法填空。

①I hit the fellow on the head.

②The girl hit the boy in the mouth.

③The mother held the children by the hand.

④He patted me on the head. 

(2) She went up and kissed him on both cheeks.  

她走向前去, 吻了吻他的双颊。

拓视野·观天下

1. China aims to land a man on the moon sometime after 2030,  most observers say,  while it was said that it would “not take long” before the government approved a manned lunar project. 大多数观察人士认为, 中国计划在2030年后的某个时候实现载人登月, 但据说, 载人登月计划获得中国政府批准的“时间不会太长”。

2. These Chinese dreamers have all made great contributions in their own fields,  to China and often to the world as well. Their profession may differ from each other, but they did make a great difference. 这些中国追梦人都在各自的领域里对中国亦或对世界做出了巨大的贡献。他们的职业可能各不相同, 但他们的确产生了很大的影响。

3. The central government’s decision to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area provides the means for Hong Kong to break through the development bottlenecks it faces now and consolidate and expand its advantages. 中央政府开发粤港澳大湾区的决定为香港突破现在面临的发展瓶颈, 巩固和扩大优势提供了途径。

4. Though the industry is a great contributor to GDP and employment,  playing electronic games is still seen by many as an inappropriate pastime,  especially for students.

尽管(电子游戏)产业对于GDP和就业有巨大贡献, 但是玩游戏——尤其是学生玩游戏, 仍被很多人看作不务正业。