专题02 语言学习 -备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作）

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专题02 语言学习 -备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇+阅读+写作）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关
1.title n.标题;题目2.topic n.题目;话题3.practice n.练习,训练;惯例　v.练习;训练4.differ vi.不同;相异;有区别difference n.不同;差异different adj.不同的;有差异的5.difficult adj.难的;艰难的difficulty n.困难;费力6.enrich vt.使富裕;充实7.describe vt.描述;形容8.benefit v.使受益9.refer vi.谈到;提到;涉及;有关reference n.提及;参考10.spell vt.拼写spelling n.拼写;拼法11.accomplish v.完成;实现12.acquire v.获得;得到13.approach n.途径;方法　v.接近14.communicate v.交流;传达(感情、信息等)15.gain v.获得16.discuss vt.讨论17.master vt.精通;掌握18.effect n.结果;效力;影响effective adj.有效的;起作用的effectively adv.有效地;生效地efficient adj.效率高的19.recommend v.推荐20.habit n.习惯21.improve vt.改进;改善22.knowledge n.知识;学问23.language n.语言24.culture n.文化25.overcome vt.克服;解决26.remark n.& v.谈论;评论;评述27.pronounce vt.发音pronunciation n.发音28.explain v.解释;说明explanation n.解释;说明29.express vt.表达;表示;表露　n.快车;特快专递expression n.表达;词句;表示;说法;表情30.puzzle n.难题;(游戏的)猜谜puzzled adj.迷惑不解的;困惑的31.review vt.复查;回顾;复习　n.复查;复习;评论revision n.修订;复习32.translate vt.翻译translation n.翻译;译文translator n.翻译家;译者33.perfect adj.完美的;极好的34.wonderful adj.美妙的;精彩的;了不起的35.fluent adj.流利的fluency n.流利;流畅fluently adv.流利地;流畅地36.accurate adj.准确的;精确的accuracy n.准确;精确37.memorise vt.(美 memorize)记忆memory n.记忆38.consult v.咨询;请教;商量39.suggestion n.建议;提议40.copy n.抄本;副本;一本(份、册)　v.抄写;复印;复制41.grasp v.抓住;紧握42.skim v.跳读;略读43.spoken adj.口语的44.dictionary n.词典45.grammar n.语法46.phrase n.短语47.speech n.演讲48.accent n.口音;腔调49.vocabulary n.词汇;词汇量;词汇表50.usage n.使用;用法;惯用法51.dictation n.听写52.recite v.背诵53.retell vt.复述54.saying/proverb n.谚语55.idiom n.习语;成语56.correction n.改正57.recognise vt.(美 recognize)辨认出;承认;公认58.task n.任务59.native adj.本国的　n.本国人60.custom n.风俗;习俗61.command n.& vt.命令;指挥;控制62.accumulate v.积累;堆积63.comprehension n.理解(力);领悟能力64.frequent adj.频繁的frequently adv.频繁地65.talent n.才能;天才66.standard n.标准　adj.标准的
二：话题短语表达过关
1.enlarge one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量2.enrich one’s knowledge丰富某人的知识3.focus/concentrate one’s attention on/upon把注意力集中在4.give sb some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议5.have a good knowledge/command of English通晓英语6.have difficulty/trouble in doing sth在做某事方面有困难7.make efforts/an effort to do sth努力做某事8.turn to sb (for help)求助于某人9.develop one’s interest培养兴趣have/show (an) interest in对……感兴趣10.form the habit of reading养成阅读的习惯11.attach importance to/take...seriously重视……12.be good at/do well in擅长13.get down to开始认真考虑或对待14.provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth向某人提供某物15.learn from向……学习16.attend a lecture听讲座17.take part in the English Corner参加英语角18.a variety of 各式各样的19.pick up(偶然)学会;习得20.express oneself in English fluently流利地用英语表达自己的想法21.be aware of the importance of lifelong learning意识到终身学习的重要性22.watch Chinese movies看中文电影23.set/take/write/note down写下;记下24.keep/bear...in mind/learn...by heart记住25.make full/good use of/the best of充分利用put...to use使用……encourage its use in class鼓励在课堂上使用它use...as often as possible/as often as one can 尽可能经常使用……26.refer to/look up...in/consult a dictionary 查字典27.a native language/mother tongue母语an official language官方语言28.cultural differences文化差异29.go over/review lessons复习功课prepare for/preview lessons预习功课30.be afraid of making mistakes/errors害怕出差错31.major on/specialise in专门研究……32.such as 例如33.need painstaking efforts and patience需要艰苦的努力和耐心34.step by step逐步地;一步步地35.get actively involved in class积极融入课堂教学36.a six-week English course为期6周的英语课37.sing some Chinese songs 唱中文歌曲38.enjoy Tang poems欣赏唐诗三：话题句型练笔1.The more we read,the better our English will be.我们读得越多,我们的英语就会越好。2.As the saying goes,practice makes perfect.正如谚语所说,熟能生巧。3.Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English.当谈到英语时,听说是我的弱项。4.One of the activities is the English Corner every other week,aiming to improve our spoken English,as well as making a lot of friends.其中一项活动是隔周一次的英语角,目的是提高我们的英语口语,同时广交朋友。5.We are supposed to learn English well because having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.我们理应学好英语,因为精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。6.I remember as many useful sentence patterns as I can.我尽可能多地记住有用的句型。7.Chinese is a beautiful and unique language which is well worth learning.汉语是一门美丽而独特的语言,很值得学习。8.There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with your written English.毫无疑问,写英语日记非常有助于你书面英语的提高。四：话题阅读训练（A）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.          B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.          D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.　　 B.Advanced.     C.Powerful. D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.              B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.              D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.参考答案：1.B根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。2.C　根据上文提到的“all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“...such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。3.B　根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.”和最后一句中的“...is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知,B项正确。4.C　通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。（B） Does it matter if a language dies out?The traditional answer is yes, because every language is a repository(智囊)of ideas and culture and represents a unique way of looking at the world. The planet only has about 7,000 languages;the extinction of even one decreases the sum total of human knowledge.But in some cases, extinction can be seen in a more positive light. Take Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) for example, restricted to about 1,000 users in a small Israeli village with a high level of born deafness, the language seems to be bound to die by the spread of Israeli sign language.The natural reaction to the loss of ABSL is regret. It is a fascinating language that has kept linguists busy since it came to their attention around 15 years ago. But for the deaf villagers, Israeli sign language is an upgrade:it allows them to speak to tens of thousands of people rather than a few hundred, and enables them to work and marry outside the village. It is hard to see that as anything other than progress. Similarly, other endangered languages die out because people abandon them in favor of ones that serve their needs better.Technology also softens the blow, as endangered languages can now be captured in detail—which also means they could eventually be brought back from the dead, much as the Hebrew language was in the 19th century. It is now the first language of 9 million people.Linguists naturally condemn the loss of a language much as conservationists(环保主义者)once mourned the loss of every single species. But they are moving towards acceptance that not all species can be saved, that invasive species are not always bad and that human-engineered ecosystems are not necessarily inferior to natural ones. Perhaps our attitudes to language extinction are due for a similar change.1.What can we infer about ABSL?A.Another language replaced it.B.It is an endangered language.C.Deaf villagers prefer to use it.D.It has been studied for over 15 years.2.What does the underlined word “upgrade” in Paragraph 3 mean?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.Recovery.   B.Opportunity.C.Improvement.  D.Update.3.How does technology affect languages?A.Technology can remove people's regret.B.Languages may be rescued from extinction.C.Technology increases the number of endangered languages.D.Endangered languages might be abandoned because of technology.4.What's the main idea of the text?A.More and more languages are dying out.B.Technology creates some new languages.C.People feel ashamed of language extinction.D.Language extinction is not necessarily a bad thing.参考答案：1.B根据第二段可知,ABSL大约有1,000人使用,并且由于以色列手语的传播,它似乎注定会灭亡,所以ABSL是濒危语言,故选B项。 2.C根据画线词后的内容可知,以色列手语让耳聋的村民们可以与更多的人交流,并且能够让他们在村子外面找到工作以及与外面的人联姻。即以色列手语比ABSL更能满足人们的需求;再结合后文提到的anything other than progress可推出画线词意为“改善”。故选C 项。 3.B根据第四段可知,技术可以帮助复活濒危语言。故选 B 项。 4.D本文主要讲述了人们可以从积极的角度去看待濒危语言的灭绝。一方面,濒危语言被能更好地服务于人们的语言代替,这是一种进步;另一方面,科技也可以让某些濒危语言复活。因此,人们对待濒危语言灭绝的态度应该改变,因为它未必是件坏事。故选D项。 五：写作训练（A）假如你是李华，你收到正在学习汉语的英国笔友Tom的电子邮件，说他在汉语学习中遇到了困难，感到非常着急。请根据以下要点给他回信，并提出建议，帮他解决这方面的困难。1．不要担心，要相信自己；2．抓住练习汉语的机会；3．让自己融入汉语的环境中。参考答案：Dear Tom，I’m sorry to learn that you are going through a hard time in learning Chinese.Now I’d like to offer you some suggestions.In the first place，don’t be anxious and trust yourself.Since Chinese is one of the most complex languages in the world，it’s normal for a beginner to have some trouble.In the second place，seize every opportunity to practice using the language．After all，the more you practice，the more fluent you will become．Last but not least，involve yourself in a Chinese environment.Make sure you are surrounded by books and TV programmes in Chinese，which is of importance to the learning of any language．Looking forward to your improvement soon.Yours truly，Li Hua （B）假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Edward正在学习汉语,希望你推荐一个适合他学习汉语的网站。请你根据以下内容,给他写一封电子邮件。1.推荐网站:www.xxx.com2.网站内容:(1)中文情景对话、中国风俗、中文电影、中文歌曲、成语和唐诗等;(2)有在线教师答疑解惑。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考答案：Dear Edward,I’m more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese.I’d like to recommend to you www.xxx.com.It’s a good website for non-Chinese speakers who are learning Chinese,especially for beginners.Firstly,it provides you with a variety of online courses,such as Chinese idioms,dialogues and customs.Besides,it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways.Here you can learn to sing some Chinese songs,enjoy Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.More importantly,there are teachers online whom you can turn to for help.And all these are free of charge.I do hope that you will find this website attractive and helpful.Wish you a happy learning time!Yours,Li Hua